feat(auth): add authenticate callback for fallback logic

* Implement SetAuthenticateCallback in authenticators
* Update Authenticate methods to use callback on failure

pkg/common/adapters/database/bun.go

@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@ type BunSelectQuery struct {
 	inJoinContext        bool                                                     // Track if we're in a JOIN relation context
 	joinTableAlias       string                                                   // Alias to use for JOIN conditions
 	skipAutoDetect       bool                                                     // Skip auto-detection to prevent circular calls
+	preloadRelationAlias string                                                   // Relation alias used in separate-query preloads (e.g. "tprp" for relation "TPRP")
 	customPreloads       map[string][]func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery // Relations to load with custom implementation
 	metricsEnabled       bool
 }
@@ -346,12 +347,14 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) ColumnExpr(query string, args ...interface{}) common.Se
 }
 
 func (b *BunSelectQuery) Where(query string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
-	// If we're in a JOIN context, add table prefix to unqualified columns
 	if b.inJoinContext && b.joinTableAlias != "" {
 		query = addTablePrefix(query, b.joinTableAlias)
+	} else if b.preloadRelationAlias != "" && b.tableName != "" {
+		// Separate-query preload: the caller may have written conditions using the
+		// relation name as a prefix (e.g. "TPRP.col"). Bun uses the real table name
+		// as the alias, so rewrite any such references to use tableName instead.
+		query = replaceRelationAlias(query, b.preloadRelationAlias, b.tableName)
 	} else if b.tableAlias != "" && b.tableName != "" {
-		// If we have a table alias defined, check if the query references a different alias
-		// This can happen in preloads where the user expects a certain alias but Bun generates another
 		query = normalizeTableAlias(query, b.tableAlias, b.tableName)
 	}
 	b.query = b.query.Where(query, args...)
@@ -487,6 +490,30 @@ func normalizeTableAlias(query, expectedAlias, tableName string) string {
 	return modified
 }
 
+// replaceRelationAlias rewrites WHERE conditions written with a relation alias prefix
+// (e.g. "TPRP.col") to use the real table name that bun uses in separate queries
+// (e.g. "t_proposalinstance.col"). Only called for separate-query preload wrappers.
+func replaceRelationAlias(query, relationAlias, tableName string) string {
+	if relationAlias == "" || tableName == "" || query == "" {
+		return query
+	}
+	parts := strings.FieldsFunc(query, func(r rune) bool {
+		return r == ' ' || r == '(' || r == ')' || r == ','
+	})
+	modified := query
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		if dotIndex := strings.Index(part, "."); dotIndex > 0 {
+			prefix := part[:dotIndex]
+			column := part[dotIndex+1:]
+			if strings.EqualFold(prefix, relationAlias) {
+				logger.Debug("Replacing relation alias '%s' with table name '%s' in preload WHERE condition", prefix, tableName)
+				modified = strings.ReplaceAll(modified, part, tableName+"."+column)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return modified
+}
+
 func isJoinKeyword(word string) bool {
 	switch strings.ToUpper(word) {
 	case "JOIN", "INNER", "LEFT", "RIGHT", "FULL", "OUTER", "CROSS":
@@ -676,8 +703,20 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) PreloadRelation(relation string, apply ...func(common.S
 				wrapper.tableAlias = provider.TableAlias()
 				logger.Debug("Preload relation '%s' using table alias: %s", relation, wrapper.tableAlias)
 			}
+
 		}
 
+		// Fallback: if the model didn't provide a table name, ask bun directly.
+		if wrapper.tableName == "" {
+			wrapper.schema, wrapper.tableName = parseTableName(sq.GetTableName(), b.driverName)
+		}
+
+		// For separate-query preloads (has-many), bun aliases the related table using
+		// the actual table name, not the relation name. Record the relation alias so
+		// Where() can rewrite conditions like "TPRP.col" to "t_proposalinstance.col".
+		wrapper.preloadRelationAlias = strings.ToLower(relation)
+		logger.Debug("Preload relation '%s' registered alias '%s' for separate-query WHERE rewriting", relation, wrapper.preloadRelationAlias)
+
 		// Start with the interface value (not pointer)
 		current := common.SelectQuery(wrapper)
 
@@ -1276,6 +1315,7 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) (err error)
 	if err != nil {
 		sqlStr := b.query.String()
 		logger.Error("BunSelectQuery.Scan failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -1332,7 +1372,7 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) ScanModel(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		sqlStr := b.query.String()
 		logger.Error("BunSelectQuery.ScanModel failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
-		return err
+		return common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 
 	// After main query, load custom preloads using separate queries
@@ -1362,6 +1402,7 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (count int, err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			sqlStr := b.query.String()
 			logger.Error("BunSelectQuery.Count failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+			err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -1375,6 +1416,7 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (count int, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		sqlStr := countQuery.String()
 		logger.Error("BunSelectQuery.Count (subquery) failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -1392,6 +1434,7 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Exists(ctx context.Context) (exists bool, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		sqlStr := b.query.String()
 		logger.Error("BunSelectQuery.Exists failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -1451,6 +1494,18 @@ func (b *BunInsertQuery) Returning(columns ...string) common.InsertQuery {
 	return b
 }
 
+func (b *BunInsertQuery) prepareValues() {
+	if len(b.values) > 0 {
+		if !b.hasModel {
+			b.query = b.query.Model(&b.values)
+		} else {
+			for k, v := range b.values {
+				b.query = b.query.Value(k, "?", v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (b *BunInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
@@ -1458,23 +1513,25 @@ func (b *BunInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err error
 		}
 	}()
 	startedAt := time.Now()
-	if len(b.values) > 0 {
+	b.prepareValues()
-		if !b.hasModel {
-			// If no model was set, use the values map as the model
-			// Bun can insert map[string]interface{} directly
-			b.query = b.query.Model(&b.values)
-		} else {
-			// If model was set, use Value() to add individual values
-			for k, v := range b.values {
-				b.query = b.query.Value(k, "?", v)
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	result, err := b.query.Exec(ctx)
 	recordQueryMetrics(b.metricsEnabled, "INSERT", b.schema, b.entity, b.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return &BunResult{result: result}, err
 }
 
+func (b *BunInsertQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = logger.HandlePanic("BunInsertQuery.Scan", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	startedAt := time.Now()
+	b.prepareValues()
+	err = b.query.Scan(ctx, dest)
+	recordQueryMetrics(b.metricsEnabled, "INSERT", b.schema, b.entity, b.tableName, startedAt, err)
+	return err
+}
+
 // BunUpdateQuery implements UpdateQuery for Bun
 type BunUpdateQuery struct {
 	query          *bun.UpdateQuery
@@ -1566,6 +1623,7 @@ func (b *BunUpdateQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err error
 		// Log SQL string for debugging
 		sqlStr := b.query.String()
 		logger.Error("BunUpdateQuery.Exec failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(b.metricsEnabled, "UPDATE", b.schema, b.entity, b.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return &BunResult{result: result}, err
@@ -1617,6 +1675,7 @@ func (b *BunDeleteQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err error
 		// Log SQL string for debugging
 		sqlStr := b.query.String()
 		logger.Error("BunDeleteQuery.Exec failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(b.metricsEnabled, "DELETE", b.schema, b.entity, b.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return &BunResult{result: result}, err

pkg/common/adapters/database/gorm.go

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package database
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
 
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/logger"
@@ -581,6 +583,7 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) (err error
 			return tx.Find(dest)
 		})
 		logger.Error("GormSelectQuery.Scan failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "SELECT", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return err
@@ -611,6 +614,7 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) ScanModel(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 			return tx.Find(g.db.Statement.Model)
 		})
 		logger.Error("GormSelectQuery.ScanModel failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "SELECT", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return err
@@ -640,6 +644,7 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (count int, err error) {
 			return tx.Count(&count64)
 		})
 		logger.Error("GormSelectQuery.Count failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "COUNT", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return int(count64), err
@@ -669,6 +674,7 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Exists(ctx context.Context) (exists bool, err error) {
 			return tx.Limit(1).Count(&count)
 		})
 		logger.Error("GormSelectQuery.Exists failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "EXISTS", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return count > 0, err
@@ -685,6 +691,7 @@ type GormInsertQuery struct {
 	entity           string
 	driverName       string
 	metricsEnabled   bool
+	returningColumns []string
 }
 
 func (g *GormInsertQuery) Model(model interface{}) common.InsertQuery {
@@ -718,7 +725,7 @@ func (g *GormInsertQuery) OnConflict(action string) common.InsertQuery {
 }
 
 func (g *GormInsertQuery) Returning(columns ...string) common.InsertQuery {
-	// GORM doesn't have explicit RETURNING, but updates the model
+	g.returningColumns = columns
 	return g
 }
 
@@ -749,6 +756,76 @@ func (g *GormInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err erro
 	return &GormResult{result: result}, result.Error
 }
 
+func (g *GormInsertQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = logger.HandlePanic("GormInsertQuery.Scan", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	startedAt := time.Now()
+
+	var returningCols []clause.Column
+	for _, col := range g.returningColumns {
+		returningCols = append(returningCols, clause.Column{Name: col})
+	}
+
+	db := g.db.WithContext(ctx)
+	if len(returningCols) > 0 {
+		db = db.Clauses(clause.Returning{Columns: returningCols})
+	}
+
+	var result *gorm.DB
+	switch {
+	case g.model != nil:
+		result = db.Create(g.model)
+	case g.values != nil:
+		result = db.Create(g.values)
+	default:
+		result = db.Create(map[string]interface{}{})
+	}
+
+	if isDBClosed(result.Error) && g.reconnect != nil {
+		if reconnErr := g.reconnect(g.db); reconnErr == nil {
+			result = db.Create(g.model)
+		}
+	}
+
+	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "INSERT", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, result.Error)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return result.Error
+	}
+
+	// Extract the returning column value from the model or values map
+	if len(g.returningColumns) == 1 {
+		col := g.returningColumns[0]
+		if g.model != nil {
+			val := reflect.ValueOf(g.model)
+			if val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				val = val.Elem()
+			}
+			if val.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				for i := 0; i < val.NumField(); i++ {
+					f := val.Type().Field(i)
+					dbTag := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("bun"), ",")[0]
+					jsonTag := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("json"), ",")[0]
+					if strings.EqualFold(f.Name, col) || dbTag == col || jsonTag == col {
+						reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem().Set(val.Field(i))
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if g.values != nil {
+			if v, ok := g.values[col]; ok {
+				reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(v))
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // GormUpdateQuery implements UpdateQuery for GORM
 type GormUpdateQuery struct {
 	db             *gorm.DB
@@ -858,6 +935,7 @@ func (g *GormUpdateQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err erro
 			return tx.Updates(g.updates)
 		})
 		logger.Error("GormUpdateQuery.Exec failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, result.Error)
+		return &GormResult{result: result}, common.WrapSQLError(result.Error, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "UPDATE", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, result.Error)
 	return &GormResult{result: result}, result.Error
@@ -919,6 +997,7 @@ func (g *GormDeleteQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err erro
 			return tx.Delete(g.model)
 		})
 		logger.Error("GormDeleteQuery.Exec failed. SQL: %s. Error: %v", sqlStr, result.Error)
+		return &GormResult{result: result}, common.WrapSQLError(result.Error, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(g.metricsEnabled, "DELETE", g.schema, g.entity, g.tableName, startedAt, result.Error)
 	return &GormResult{result: result}, result.Error

pkg/common/adapters/database/pgsql.go

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLAdapter) Exec(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interface
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL Exec failed: %v", err)
 		recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, operation, schema, entity, table, startedAt, err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, operation, schema, entity, table, startedAt, nil)
 	return &PgSQLResult{result: result}, nil
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLAdapter) Query(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}, query string
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL Query failed: %v", err)
 		recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, operation, schema, entity, table, startedAt, err)
-		return err
+		return common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 	defer rows.Close()
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) (err erro
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL SELECT failed: %v", err)
 		recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, "SELECT", p.schema, p.entity, p.tableName, startedAt, err)
-		return err
+		return common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 	defer rows.Close()
 
@@ -534,8 +534,8 @@ func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) ScanModel(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return p.Scan(ctx, p.model)
 }
 
-// countInternal executes the COUNT query and returns the result without recording metrics.
+// countInternal executes the COUNT query and returns the result and the SQL string without recording metrics.
-func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) countInternal(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) countInternal(ctx context.Context) (rowCount int, querySQL string, retErr error) {
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	sb.WriteString("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ")
 	sb.WriteString(p.tableName)
@@ -571,9 +571,9 @@ func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) countInternal(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
 
 	var count int
 	if err := row.Scan(&count); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+		return 0, query, err
 	}
-	return count, nil
+	return count, query, nil
 }
 
 func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (count int, err error) {
@@ -584,9 +584,11 @@ func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (count int, err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 	startedAt := time.Now()
-	count, err = p.countInternal(ctx)
+	var sqlStr string
+	count, sqlStr, err = p.countInternal(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL COUNT failed: %v", err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, "COUNT", p.schema, p.entity, p.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return count, err
@@ -600,9 +602,11 @@ func (p *PgSQLSelectQuery) Exists(ctx context.Context) (exists bool, err error)
 		}
 	}()
 	startedAt := time.Now()
-	count, err := p.countInternal(ctx)
+	var sqlStr string
+	count, sqlStr, err := p.countInternal(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL EXISTS failed: %v", err)
+		err = common.WrapSQLError(err, sqlStr)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, "EXISTS", p.schema, p.entity, p.tableName, startedAt, err)
 	return count > 0, err
@@ -702,12 +706,60 @@ func (p *PgSQLInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err err
 
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL INSERT failed: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 
 	return &PgSQLResult{result: result}, nil
 }
 
+func (p *PgSQLInsertQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) (err error) {
+	startedAt := time.Now()
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = logger.HandlePanic("PgSQLInsertQuery.Scan", r)
+		}
+		recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, "INSERT", p.schema, p.entity, p.tableName, startedAt, err)
+	}()
+
+	if len(p.values) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no values to insert")
+	}
+
+	columns := make([]string, 0, len(p.values))
+	placeholders := make([]string, 0, len(p.values))
+	args := make([]interface{}, 0, len(p.values))
+	i := 1
+	for _, col := range p.valueOrder {
+		columns = append(columns, col)
+		placeholders = append(placeholders, fmt.Sprintf("$%d", i))
+		args = append(args, p.values[col])
+		i++
+	}
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s)",
+		p.tableName,
+		strings.Join(columns, ", "),
+		strings.Join(placeholders, ", "))
+
+	if len(p.returning) > 0 {
+		query += " RETURNING " + strings.Join(p.returning, ", ")
+	}
+
+	logger.Debug("PgSQL INSERT (Scan): %s [args: %v]", query, args)
+
+	var row *sql.Row
+	if p.tx != nil {
+		row = p.tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	} else {
+		row = p.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	}
+
+	if err := row.Scan(dest); err != nil {
+		return common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // PgSQLUpdateQuery implements UpdateQuery for PostgreSQL
 type PgSQLUpdateQuery struct {
 	db             *sql.DB
@@ -884,7 +936,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLUpdateQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err err
 
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL UPDATE failed: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 
 	return &PgSQLResult{result: result}, nil
@@ -962,7 +1014,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLDeleteQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (res common.Result, err err
 
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL DELETE failed: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 
 	return &PgSQLResult{result: result}, nil
@@ -1043,7 +1095,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLTxAdapter) Exec(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...interfa
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL Tx Exec failed: %v", err)
 		recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, operation, schema, entity, table, startedAt, err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 	recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, operation, schema, entity, table, startedAt, nil)
 	return &PgSQLResult{result: result}, nil
@@ -1057,7 +1109,7 @@ func (p *PgSQLTxAdapter) Query(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}, query stri
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("PgSQL Tx Query failed: %v", err)
 		recordQueryMetrics(p.metricsEnabled, operation, schema, entity, table, startedAt, err)
-		return err
+		return common.WrapSQLError(err, query)
 	}
 	defer rows.Close()
 

pkg/common/interfaces.go

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ type InsertQuery interface {
 
 	// Execution
 	Exec(ctx context.Context) (Result, error)
+	Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) error
 }
 
 // UpdateQuery interface for building UPDATE queries

pkg/common/recursive_crud.go

@@ -125,6 +125,13 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) ProcessNestedCUD(
 			result.AffectedRows = 1
 			result.Data = regularData
 
+			// Re-select the inserted row so result.Data reflects DB-generated defaults.
+			if row, err := p.processSelect(ctx, tableName, id); err != nil {
+				logger.Warn("Select after insert failed: table=%s, id=%v, error=%v", tableName, id, err)
+			} else if len(row) > 0 {
+				result.Data = row
+			}
+
 			// Process child relations after parent insert (to get parent ID)
 			if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "insert", id, relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType, parentIDs); err != nil {
 				logger.Error("Failed to process child relations after insert: table=%s, parentID=%v, relations=%+v, error=%v", tableName, id, relationFields, err)
@@ -134,8 +141,12 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) ProcessNestedCUD(
 			logger.Debug("Skipping insert for %s - no data columns besides _request", tableName)
 		}
 
-	case "update":
+	case "update", "change":
 		// Only perform update if we have data to update
+		if reflection.IsEmptyValue(data[pkName]) {
+			logger.Warn("Skipping update for %s - no primary key", tableName)
+			return result, nil
+		}
 		if hasData {
 			rows, err := p.processUpdate(ctx, regularData, tableName, data[pkName])
 			if err != nil {
@@ -146,9 +157,16 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) ProcessNestedCUD(
 			result.AffectedRows = rows
 			result.Data = regularData
 
+			// Re-select the updated row so result.Data reflects current DB state.
+			if row, err := p.processSelect(ctx, tableName, result.ID); err != nil {
+				logger.Warn("Select after update failed: table=%s, id=%v, error=%v", tableName, result.ID, err)
+			} else if len(row) > 0 {
+				result.Data = row
+			}
+
 			// Process child relations for update
 			if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "update", data[pkName], relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType, parentIDs); err != nil {
-				logger.Error("Failed to process child relations after update: table=%s, parentID=%v, relations=%+v, error=%v", tableName, data[pkName], relationFields, err)
+				logger.Error("Failed to process child relations after update: table=%s, parentID=%v, relations=%+v, error=%v", tableName, data[pkName], regularData, err)
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process child relations: %w", err)
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -157,10 +175,15 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) ProcessNestedCUD(
 		}
 
 	case "delete":
+		if reflection.IsEmptyValue(data[pkName]) {
+			logger.Warn("Skipping delete for %s - no primary key", tableName)
+			return result, nil
+		}
+
 		// Process child relations first (for referential integrity)
 		if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "delete", data[pkName], relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType, parentIDs); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to process child relations before delete: table=%s, id=%v, relations=%+v, error=%v", tableName, data[pkName], relationFields, err)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process child relations before delete: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process child relations: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		rows, err := p.processDelete(ctx, tableName, data[pkName])
@@ -234,28 +257,38 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) injectForeignKeys(data map[string]interface{}, mode
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Iterate through model fields to find foreign key fields
+	pkCol := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(reflect.New(modelType).Interface())
+
+	for parentKey, parentID := range parentIDs {
+		dbColNames := reflection.GetForeignKeyColumn(modelType, parentKey)
+
+		if len(dbColNames) == 0 {
+			// No explicit tag found — fall back to naming convention by scanning scalar fields.
 			for i := 0; i < modelType.NumField(); i++ {
 				field := modelType.Field(i)
-		jsonTag := field.Tag.Get("json")
+				jsonName := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")[0]
-		jsonName := strings.Split(jsonTag, ",")[0]
+				if strings.EqualFold(jsonName, "rid"+parentKey) ||
-
+					strings.EqualFold(jsonName, "rid_"+parentKey) ||
-		// Check if this field is a foreign key and we have a parent ID for it
+					strings.EqualFold(jsonName, "id_"+parentKey) ||
-		// Common patterns: DepartmentID, ManagerID, ProjectID, etc.
+					strings.EqualFold(jsonName, parentKey+"_id") ||
-		for parentKey, parentID := range parentIDs {
-			// Match field name patterns like "department_id" with parent key "department"
-			if strings.EqualFold(jsonName, parentKey+"_id") ||
 					strings.EqualFold(jsonName, parentKey+"id") ||
 					strings.EqualFold(field.Name, parentKey+"ID") {
-				// Use the DB column name as the key, since data is keyed by DB column names
+					dbColNames = []string{reflection.GetColumnName(field)}
-				dbColName := reflection.GetColumnName(field)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, dbColName := range dbColNames {
+			if pkCol != "" && strings.EqualFold(dbColName, pkCol) {
+				continue
+			}
 			if _, exists := data[dbColName]; !exists {
 				logger.Debug("Injecting foreign key: %s = %v", dbColName, parentID)
 				data[dbColName] = parentID
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	}
 }
 
 // processInsert handles insert operation
@@ -272,27 +305,32 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) processInsert(
 		query = query.Value(key, ConvertSliceForBun(value))
 	}
 	pkName := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(tableName)
-	// Add RETURNING clause to get the inserted ID
 	query = query.Returning(pkName)
 
-	result, err := query.Exec(ctx)
+	var id interface{}
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := query.Scan(ctx, &id); err != nil {
 		logger.Error("Insert execution failed: table=%s, data=%+v, error=%v", tableName, data, err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("insert exec failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Try to get the ID
+	logger.Debug("Insert successful, ID: %v", id)
-	var id interface{}
-	if lastID, err := result.LastInsertId(); err == nil && lastID > 0 {
-		id = lastID
-	} else if data[pkName] != nil {
-		id = data[pkName]
-	}
-
-	logger.Debug("Insert successful, ID: %v, rows affected: %d", id, result.RowsAffected())
 	return id, nil
 }
 
+// processSelect fetches the row identified by id from tableName into a flat map.
+// Used to populate result.Data with the actual DB state after insert/update.
+func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) processSelect(ctx context.Context, tableName string, id interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	pkName := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(tableName)
+	var row map[string]interface{}
+	if err := p.db.NewSelect().
+		Table(tableName).
+		Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", QuoteIdent(pkName)), id).
+		Scan(ctx, &row); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("select after write failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return row, nil
+}
+
 // processUpdate handles update operation
 func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) processUpdate(
 	ctx context.Context,

pkg/common/recursive_crud_test.go

@@ -101,12 +101,18 @@ func (m *mockInsertQuery) Value(column string, value interface{}) InsertQuery {
 func (m *mockInsertQuery) OnConflict(action string) InsertQuery { return m }
 func (m *mockInsertQuery) Returning(columns ...string) InsertQuery { return m }
 func (m *mockInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (Result, error) {
-	// Record the insert call
 	m.db.insertCalls = append(m.db.insertCalls, m.values)
 	m.db.lastID++
 	return &mockResult{lastID: m.db.lastID, rowsAffected: 1}, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockInsertQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) error {
+	m.db.insertCalls = append(m.db.insertCalls, m.values)
+	m.db.lastID++
+	reflect.ValueOf(dest).Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(m.db.lastID))
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Mock UpdateQuery
 type mockUpdateQuery struct {
 	db        *mockDatabase

pkg/common/types.go

@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 package common
 
+// SQLError wraps a database error together with the SQL that caused it,
+// so callers can surface the query in API error responses for easier debugging.
+type SQLError struct {
+	Err error
+	SQL string
+}
+
+func (e *SQLError) Error() string { return e.Err.Error() }
+func (e *SQLError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
+// WrapSQLError wraps err with the given SQL. If err is nil it returns nil.
+func WrapSQLError(err error, sql string) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &SQLError{Err: err, SQL: sql}
+}
+
 type RequestBody struct {
 	Operation string         `json:"operation"`
 	Data      interface{}    `json:"data"`
@@ -104,6 +122,7 @@ type APIError struct {
 	Message string      `json:"message"`
 	Details interface{} `json:"details,omitempty"`
 	Detail  string      `json:"detail,omitempty"`
+	SQL     string      `json:"sql,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type Column struct {

pkg/funcspec/function_api.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package funcspec
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -729,9 +730,10 @@ func (h *Handler) mergeQueryParams(r *http.Request, sqlquery string, variables m
 			propQry[parmk] = val
 		}
 
-		// Apply filters if allowed — check against string-literal-stripped SQL to avoid
+		// Apply filters if allowed — check only the SELECT list to avoid matching function
-		// matching column names that only appear inside quoted arguments (e.g. JSON strings)
+		// parameters in the FROM clause (e.g. [p_rid_doctype] in a set-returning function call)
-		if allowFilter && len(parmk) > 1 && strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(sqlStripStringLiterals(sqlquery)), strings.ToLower(parmk)) {
+		// or names inside quoted string arguments.
+		if allowFilter && len(parmk) > 1 && strings.Contains(sqlSelectList(sqlStripStringLiterals(sqlquery)), strings.ToLower(parmk)) {
 			if len(parmv) > 1 {
 				// Sanitize each value in the IN clause with appropriate quoting
 				sanitizedValues := make([]string, len(parmv))
@@ -847,6 +849,18 @@ func sqlStripStringLiterals(sql string) string {
 	return re.ReplaceAllString(sql, "''")
 }
 
+// sqlSelectList returns the column list portion of a SELECT query (between SELECT and FROM).
+// Returns the full query lowercased if no clear SELECT…FROM boundary is found.
+func sqlSelectList(sql string) string {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(sql)
+	selectPos := strings.Index(lower, "select ")
+	fromPos := strings.Index(lower, " from ")
+	if selectPos < 0 || fromPos <= selectPos {
+		return lower
+	}
+	return lower[selectPos+7 : fromPos]
+}
+
 // replaceMetaVariables replaces meta variables like [rid_user], [user], etc. in the SQL query
 func (h *Handler) replaceMetaVariables(sqlquery string, r *http.Request, userCtx *security.UserContext, metainfo map[string]interface{}, variables map[string]interface{}) string {
 	if strings.Contains(sqlquery, "[p_meta_default]") {
@@ -1058,6 +1072,10 @@ func sendError(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, code, message string, err erro
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		errObj.Detail = err.Error()
+		var sqlErr *common.SQLError
+		if errors.As(err, &sqlErr) {
+			errObj.SQL = sqlErr.SQL
+		}
 	}
 
 	data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{

pkg/funcspec/function_api_test.go

@@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ func TestReplaceMetaVariables(t *testing.T) {
 			name:     "Replace [user]",
 			sqlQuery: "SELECT * FROM audit WHERE username = [user]",
 			expectedCheck: func(result string) bool {
-				return strings.Contains(result, "'testuser'")
+				return strings.Contains(result, "$USR$testuser$USR$")
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -957,6 +957,60 @@ func TestAllowFilterDoesNotMatchInsideJsonArgument(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestAllowFilterDoesNotMatchFunctionParams verifies that query params that appear only
+// as function call arguments in the FROM clause (e.g. [p_rid_doctype]) are not treated
+// as column filters, since they are not in the SELECT list.
+func TestAllowFilterDoesNotMatchFunctionParams(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := NewHandler(&MockDatabase{})
+
+	sqlQuery := `select rid, rid_parent, description, row_cnt, filterstring, tableprefix, rid_table, tooltip, additionalfilter, haschildren
+    from crm_get_doc_menu($JQ$[p_tableprefix]$JQ$,[p_rid_parent],[p_rid_doctype],[p_removedup],[p_showall]) r`
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		queryParams map[string]string
+		checkResult func(t *testing.T, result string)
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "p_rid_doctype is a function param, not a column — no filter applied",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{"p_rid_doctype": "0"},
+			checkResult: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(result), "where") {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no WHERE clause for p_rid_doctype (function arg, not SELECT column), got:\n%s", result)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "p_showall is a function param, not a column — no filter applied",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{"p_showall": "1"},
+			checkResult: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(result), "where") {
+					t.Errorf("Expected no WHERE clause for p_showall (function arg, not SELECT column), got:\n%s", result)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "rid is a SELECT column — filter applied",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{"rid": "42"},
+			checkResult: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(result), "where") {
+					t.Error("Expected WHERE clause for rid (real SELECT column)")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := createTestRequest("GET", "/test", tt.queryParams, nil, nil)
+			variables := make(map[string]interface{})
+			propQry := make(map[string]string)
+			result := handler.mergeQueryParams(req, sqlQuery, variables, true, propQry)
+			tt.checkResult(t, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // TestGetReplacementForBlankParamDoubleQuote verifies that placeholders surrounded by
 // double quotes (as in JSON string values) are blanked to "" not NULL.
 func TestGetReplacementForBlankParamDoubleQuote(t *testing.T) {

pkg/reflection/helpers.go

@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ func ExtractTableNameOnly(fullName string) string {
 	return fullName[startIndex:]
 }
 
+// IsEmptyValue reports whether v is nil, an empty string, or a zero number.
+func IsEmptyValue(v any) bool {
+	if v == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
+	if rv.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		if rv.IsNil() {
+			return true
+		}
+		rv = rv.Elem()
+	}
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		return rv.String() == ""
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		return rv.Int() == 0
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
+		return rv.Uint() == 0
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return rv.Float() == 0
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // GetPointerElement returns the element type if the provided reflect.Type is a pointer.
 // If the type is a slice of pointers, it returns the element type of the pointer within the slice.
 // If neither condition is met, it returns the original type.

pkg/reflection/model_utils.go

@@ -973,6 +973,108 @@ func GetRelationType(model interface{}, fieldName string) RelationType {
 	return RelationUnknown
 }
 
+// GetForeignKeyColumn returns the DB column names of the foreign key(s) that
+// relate parentKey to modelType. Composite keys (e.g. bun "join:a=b,join:c=d"
+// or GORM "foreignKey:ColA,ColB") yield multiple entries. Returns nil when no
+// tag is found (caller should fall back to convention).
+//
+// Two lookup strategies are tried in order:
+//
+//  1. Relation-field match: find a field whose name/json equals parentKey, then
+//     read its bun join: or GORM foreignKey: tag and return the local columns.
+//     e.g. parentKey="department", field `Department bun:"join:dept_id=id"` → ["dept_id"]
+//
+//  2. Join left-side scan: scan every bun join tag in the struct for pairs whose
+//     left side equals parentKey and return the right-side (child FK) columns.
+//     e.g. parentKey="rid_mastertaskitem", field `Children bun:"join:rid_mastertaskitem=rid_parentmastertaskitem"` → ["rid_parentmastertaskitem"]
+//     Strategy 1 is skipped if the matched field is a declared relation (rel:) or
+//     has a GORM tag but carries no explicit FK — callers should use convention.
+func GetForeignKeyColumn(modelType reflect.Type, parentKey string) []string {
+	for modelType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || modelType.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+		modelType = modelType.Elem()
+	}
+	if modelType.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Strategy 1: match parentKey against a field's name/json tag.
+	for i := 0; i < modelType.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := modelType.Field(i)
+
+		name := field.Name
+		jsonName := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")[0]
+		if !strings.EqualFold(name, parentKey) && !strings.EqualFold(jsonName, parentKey) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		bunTag := field.Tag.Get("bun")
+
+		// Bun: join:local_col=foreign_col (one join: part per pair)
+		var bunCols []string
+		for _, part := range strings.Split(bunTag, ",") {
+			part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if strings.HasPrefix(part, "join:") {
+				pair := strings.TrimPrefix(part, "join:")
+				if idx := strings.Index(pair, "="); idx > 0 {
+					bunCols = append(bunCols, pair[:idx])
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(bunCols) > 0 {
+			return bunCols
+		}
+
+		// GORM: foreignKey:FieldA,FieldB
+		for _, part := range strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("gorm"), ";") {
+			part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if strings.HasPrefix(part, "foreignKey:") {
+				var cols []string
+				for _, fkFieldName := range strings.Split(strings.TrimPrefix(part, "foreignKey:"), ",") {
+					fkFieldName = strings.TrimSpace(fkFieldName)
+					if fkField, ok := modelType.FieldByName(fkFieldName); ok {
+						cols = append(cols, getColumnNameFromField(fkField))
+					}
+				}
+				if len(cols) > 0 {
+					return cols
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// The field matched by name/json but has no explicit FK tag. If it is a
+		// declared relation field (rel:) or carries a GORM tag, the caller should
+		// use naming convention — don't fall through to strategy 2. Otherwise the
+		// matched field is a plain scalar column; proceed to the join left-side scan.
+		if strings.Contains(bunTag, "rel:") || field.Tag.Get("gorm") != "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		break
+	}
+
+	// Strategy 2: scan every field's bun join tag for pairs whose left side (the
+	// parent's column) matches parentKey; the right side is the child FK column.
+	// This handles cases where parentKey is a raw column name rather than a
+	// relation field name (e.g. self-referential or has-many relationships).
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	var cols []string
+	for i := 0; i < modelType.NumField(); i++ {
+		for _, part := range strings.Split(modelType.Field(i).Tag.Get("bun"), ",") {
+			part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if strings.HasPrefix(part, "join:") {
+				pair := strings.TrimPrefix(part, "join:")
+				if idx := strings.Index(pair, "="); idx > 0 {
+					left, right := pair[:idx], pair[idx+1:]
+					if strings.EqualFold(left, parentKey) && !seen[right] {
+						seen[right] = true
+						cols = append(cols, right)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return cols // nil if empty
+}
+
 // GetRelationModel gets the model type for a relation field
 // It searches for the field by name in the following order (case-insensitive):
 // 1. Actual field name

pkg/reflection/model_utils_foreign_key_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package reflection
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// --- local test models ---
+
+type fkDept struct{}
+
+// bunEmployee uses bun join: tag to declare the FK column explicitly.
+type bunEmployee struct {
+	DeptID     string   `bun:"dept_id"                          json:"dept_id"`
+	Department *fkDept  `bun:"rel:belongs-to,join:dept_id=id"   json:"department"`
+}
+
+// bunCompositeEmployee has a composite bun join: (two join: parts).
+type bunCompositeEmployee struct {
+	DeptID   string  `bun:"dept_id"   json:"dept_id"`
+	TenantID string  `bun:"tenant_id" json:"tenant_id"`
+	Department *fkDept `bun:"rel:belongs-to,join:dept_id=id,join:tenant_id=id" json:"department"`
+}
+
+// gormEmployee uses gorm foreignKey: tag (mirrors testmodels.Employee).
+type gormEmployee struct {
+	DepartmentID string  `json:"department_id"`
+	ManagerID    string  `json:"manager_id"`
+	Department   *fkDept `gorm:"foreignKey:DepartmentID;references:ID" json:"department"`
+	Manager      *fkDept `gorm:"foreignKey:ManagerID;references:ID"    json:"manager"`
+}
+
+// gormCompositeEmployee has a composite GORM foreignKey.
+type gormCompositeEmployee struct {
+	DeptID   string  `json:"dept_id"`
+	TenantID string  `json:"tenant_id"`
+	Department *fkDept `gorm:"foreignKey:DeptID,TenantID" json:"department"`
+}
+
+// selfRefItem mimics a self-referential model (like mastertaskitem) where the
+// parent PK column appears as the left side of a has-many join tag.
+type selfRefItem struct {
+	RidItem       int32        `json:"rid_item" bun:"rid_item,type:integer,pk"`
+	RidParentItem int32        `json:"rid_parentitem" bun:"rid_parentitem,type:integer"`
+	// has-one (single parent pointer)
+	Parent   *selfRefItem   `json:"Parent,omitempty" bun:"rel:has-one,join:rid_item=rid_parentitem"`
+	// has-many (child collection) — same join, duplicate right-side must be deduped
+	Children []*selfRefItem `json:"Children,omitempty" bun:"rel:has-many,join:rid_item=rid_parentitem"`
+}
+
+// conventionEmployee has no explicit FK tag — relies on naming convention.
+type conventionEmployee struct {
+	DepartmentID string  `json:"department_id"`
+	Department   *fkDept `json:"department"`
+}
+
+// noTagEmployee has a relation field with no FK tag and no convention match.
+type noTagEmployee struct {
+	Unrelated *fkDept `json:"unrelated"`
+}
+
+func TestGetForeignKeyColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		modelType reflect.Type
+		parentKey string
+		want      []string
+	}{
+		// Bun join: tag
+		{
+			name:      "bun join tag returns local column",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(bunEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      []string{"dept_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "bun join tag matched via json tag (case-insensitive)",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(bunEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "Department",
+			want:      []string{"dept_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "bun composite join returns all local columns",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(bunCompositeEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      []string{"dept_id", "tenant_id"},
+		},
+
+		// GORM foreignKey: tag
+		{
+			name:      "gorm foreignKey resolves to column name",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(gormEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      []string{"department_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "gorm foreignKey resolves second relation",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(gormEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "manager",
+			want:      []string{"manager_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "gorm foreignKey matched case-insensitively",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(gormEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "Department",
+			want:      []string{"department_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "gorm composite foreignKey returns all columns",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(gormCompositeEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      []string{"dept_id", "tenant_id"},
+		},
+
+		// Join left-side scan (parentKey is a raw column name, not a relation field name)
+		{
+			name:      "self-referential: parent PK column returns child FK column",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(selfRefItem{}),
+			parentKey: "rid_item",
+			want:      []string{"rid_parentitem"},
+		},
+
+		// Pointer and slice unwrapping
+		{
+			name:      "pointer to struct is unwrapped",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(&gormEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      []string{"department_id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "slice of struct is unwrapped",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf([]gormEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      []string{"department_id"},
+		},
+
+		// No tag — returns nil so caller can fall back to convention
+		{
+			name:      "relation with no FK tag returns nil",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(conventionEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      nil,
+		},
+
+		// Unknown parent key
+		{
+			name:      "unknown parent key returns nil",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(gormEmployee{}),
+			parentKey: "nonexistent",
+			want:      nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "non-struct type returns nil",
+			modelType: reflect.TypeOf(""),
+			parentKey: "department",
+			want:      nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := GetForeignKeyColumn(tt.modelType, tt.parentKey)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("GetForeignKeyColumn(%v, %q) = %v, want %v", tt.modelType, tt.parentKey, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/resolvespec/handler.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
@@ -1757,18 +1758,21 @@ func (h *Handler) sendResponse(w common.ResponseWriter, data interface{}, metada
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) sendError(w common.ResponseWriter, status int, code, message string, details interface{}) {
-	w.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	apiErr := &common.APIError{
-	w.WriteHeader(status)
-	err := w.WriteJSON(common.Response{
-		Success: false,
-		Error: &common.APIError{
 		Code:    code,
 		Message: message,
 		Details: details,
 		Detail:  fmt.Sprintf("%v", details),
-		},
+	}
-	})
+	if asErr, ok := details.(error); ok {
-	if err != nil {
+		var sqlErr *common.SQLError
+		if errors.As(asErr, &sqlErr) {
+			apiErr.SQL = sqlErr.SQL
+		}
+	}
+	w.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(common.Response{Success: false, Error: apiErr}); err != nil {
 		logger.Error("Error sending response: %v", err)
 	}
 }

pkg/restheadspec/empty_result_test.go

@@ -9,29 +9,29 @@ import (
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
 )
 
-// Test that normalizeResultArray returns empty array when no records found without ID
+// Test that normalizeResultArray returns empty object when no records found (single-record mode)
 func TestNormalizeResultArray_EmptyArrayWhenNoID(t *testing.T) {
 	handler := &Handler{}
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string
 		input            interface{}
-		shouldBeEmptyArr bool
+		shouldBeEmptyObj bool
 	}{
 		{
-			name:             "nil should return empty array",
+			name:             "nil should return empty object",
 			input:            nil,
-			shouldBeEmptyArr: true,
+			shouldBeEmptyObj: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name:             "empty slice should return empty array",
+			name:             "empty slice should return empty object",
 			input:            []*EmptyTestModel{},
-			shouldBeEmptyArr: true,
+			shouldBeEmptyObj: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name:             "single element should return the element",
 			input:            []*EmptyTestModel{{ID: 1, Name: "test"}},
-			shouldBeEmptyArr: false,
+			shouldBeEmptyObj: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple elements should return the slice",
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestNormalizeResultArray_EmptyArrayWhenNoID(t *testing.T) {
 				{ID: 1, Name: "test1"},
 				{ID: 2, Name: "test2"},
 			},
-			shouldBeEmptyArr: false,
+			shouldBeEmptyObj: false,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -47,25 +47,25 @@ func TestNormalizeResultArray_EmptyArrayWhenNoID(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := handler.normalizeResultArray(tt.input)
 
-			// For cases that should return empty array
+			// For cases that should return empty object
-			if tt.shouldBeEmptyArr {
+			if tt.shouldBeEmptyObj {
-				emptyArr, ok := result.([]interface{})
+				emptyObj, ok := result.(map[string]interface{})
 				if !ok {
-					t.Errorf("Expected empty array []interface{}{}, got %T: %v", result, result)
+					t.Errorf("Expected empty object map[string]interface{}{}, got %T: %v", result, result)
 					return
 				}
-				if len(emptyArr) != 0 {
+				if len(emptyObj) != 0 {
-					t.Errorf("Expected empty array with length 0, got length %d", len(emptyArr))
+					t.Errorf("Expected empty object with length 0, got length %d", len(emptyObj))
 				}
 
-				// Verify it serializes to [] and not null
+				// Verify it serializes to {} and not null
 				jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(result)
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Errorf("Failed to marshal result: %v", err)
 					return
 				}
-				if string(jsonBytes) != "[]" {
+				if string(jsonBytes) != "{}" {
-					t.Errorf("Expected JSON '[]', got '%s'", string(jsonBytes))
+					t.Errorf("Expected JSON '{}', got '%s'", string(jsonBytes))
 				}
 			}
 		})
@@ -138,12 +138,12 @@ func TestSendResponseWithOptions_NoDataFoundHeader(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected X-No-Data-Found header to be 'true', got '%s'", mockWriter.headers["X-No-Data-Found"])
 	}
 
-	// Check status code is 200
+	// Check status code is 200 even when no records found
 	if mockWriter.statusCode != 200 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected status code 200, got %d", mockWriter.statusCode)
 	}
 
-	// Verify the body is an empty array
+	// Verify the body is an empty array (list request, SingleRecordAsObject not set)
 	if mockWriter.body == nil {
 		t.Error("Expected body to be set, got nil")
 	} else {

pkg/restheadspec/handler.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
@@ -579,8 +580,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 	// preload LEFT JOIN (to prevent "table name specified more than once" errors).
 	if len(options.CustomSQLJoin) > 0 {
 		preloadAliasSet := make(map[string]bool, len(options.Preload))
-		for _, p := range options.Preload {
+		for i := range options.Preload {
-			if alias := common.RelationPathToBunAlias(p.Relation); alias != "" {
+			if alias := common.RelationPathToBunAlias(options.Preload[i].Relation); alias != "" {
 				preloadAliasSet[alias] = true
 			}
 		}
@@ -619,16 +620,19 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		logger.Debug("FetchRowNumber: Row number %d for PK %s = %s", rowNum, pkName, fetchRowNumberPKValue)
 
 		// Now filter the main query to this specific primary key
-		query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(pkName)), fetchRowNumberPKValue)
+		tableAlias := reflection.ExtractTableNameOnly(tableName)
+		query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(tableAlias), common.QuoteIdent(pkName)), fetchRowNumberPKValue)
 	} else if id != "" {
 		// If ID is provided (and not FetchRowNumber), filter by ID
 		pkName := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model)
 		logger.Debug("Filtering by ID=%s: %s", pkName, id)
 
-		query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(pkName)), id)
+		tableAlias := reflection.ExtractTableNameOnly(tableName)
+		query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(tableAlias), common.QuoteIdent(pkName)), id)
 	}
 
 	// Apply sorting
+	tableAlias := reflection.ExtractTableNameOnly(tableName)
 	for _, sort := range options.Sort {
 		direction := "ASC"
 		if strings.EqualFold(sort.Direction, "desc") {
@@ -640,9 +644,12 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		if strings.HasPrefix(sort.Column, "(") && strings.HasSuffix(sort.Column, ")") {
 			// For expressions, pass as raw SQL to prevent auto-quoting
 			query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
+		} else if strings.Contains(sort.Column, ".") {
+			// Already qualified (e.g. alias.column) - pass as raw expression to preserve the dot
+			query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
 		} else {
-			// Regular column - let Bun handle quoting
+			// Unqualified column - prefix with main table alias to avoid ambiguity on JOINs
-			query = query.Order(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
+			query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s %s", common.QuoteIdent(tableAlias), common.QuoteIdent(sort.Column), direction))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1360,7 +1367,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdate(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 
 		// First, read the existing record from the database
 		existingRecord := reflect.New(reflection.GetPointerElement(reflect.TypeOf(model))).Interface()
-		selectQuery := tx.NewSelect().Model(existingRecord).Column("*").Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(pkName)), targetID)
+		selectQuery := tx.NewSelect().Model(existingRecord).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(pkName)), targetID)
 		if err := selectQuery.ScanModel(ctx); err != nil {
 			if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
 				return fmt.Errorf("record not found with ID: %v", targetID)
@@ -2502,14 +2509,12 @@ func (h *Handler) sendResponseWithOptions(w common.ResponseWriter, data interfac
 		w.SetHeader("X-No-Data-Found", "true")
 	}
 
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-
 	// Normalize single-record arrays to objects if requested
 	if options != nil && options.SingleRecordAsObject {
 		data = h.normalizeResultArray(data)
 	}
 
-	// Return data as-is without wrapping in common.Response
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 
 	if err := w.WriteJSON(data); err != nil {
 		logger.Error("Failed to write JSON response: %v", err)
@@ -2520,7 +2525,7 @@ func (h *Handler) sendResponseWithOptions(w common.ResponseWriter, data interfac
 // Returns the single element if data is a slice/array with exactly one element, otherwise returns data unchanged
 func (h *Handler) normalizeResultArray(data interface{}) interface{} {
 	if data == nil {
-		return []interface{}{}
+		return map[string]interface{}{}
 	}
 
 	// Use reflection to check if data is a slice or array
@@ -2535,15 +2540,15 @@ func (h *Handler) normalizeResultArray(data interface{}) interface{} {
 			// Return the single element
 			return dataValue.Index(0).Interface()
 		} else if dataValue.Len() == 0 {
-			// Keep empty array as empty array, don't convert to empty object
+			// Single-record request with no result → empty object
-			return []interface{}{}
+			return map[string]interface{}{}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if dataValue.Kind() == reflect.String {
 		str := dataValue.String()
 		if str == "" || str == "null" {
-			return []interface{}{}
+			return map[string]interface{}{}
 		}
 
 	}
@@ -2552,9 +2557,6 @@ func (h *Handler) normalizeResultArray(data interface{}) interface{} {
 
 // sendFormattedResponse sends response with formatting options
 func (h *Handler) sendFormattedResponse(w common.ResponseWriter, data interface{}, metadata *common.Metadata, options ExtendedRequestOptions) {
-	// Normalize single-record arrays to objects if requested
-	httpStatus := http.StatusOK
-
 	// Handle nil data - convert to empty array
 	if data == nil {
 		data = []interface{}{}
@@ -2591,7 +2593,7 @@ func (h *Handler) sendFormattedResponse(w common.ResponseWriter, data interface{
 	switch options.ResponseFormat {
 	case "simple":
 		// Simple format: just return the data array
-		w.WriteHeader(httpStatus)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 		if err := w.WriteJSON(data); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to write JSON response: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -2603,7 +2605,7 @@ func (h *Handler) sendFormattedResponse(w common.ResponseWriter, data interface{
 		if metadata != nil {
 			response["count"] = metadata.Total
 		}
-		w.WriteHeader(httpStatus)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 		if err := w.WriteJSON(response); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to write JSON response: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -2614,7 +2616,7 @@ func (h *Handler) sendFormattedResponse(w common.ResponseWriter, data interface{
 			Data:     data,
 			Metadata: metadata,
 		}
-		w.WriteHeader(httpStatus)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 		if err := w.WriteJSON(response); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to write JSON response: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -2644,6 +2646,12 @@ func (h *Handler) sendError(w common.ResponseWriter, statusCode int, code, messa
 		"_error":  errorMsg,
 		"_retval": 1,
 	}
+
+	var sqlErr *common.SQLError
+	if errors.As(err, &sqlErr) {
+		response["_sql"] = sqlErr.SQL
+	}
+
 	w.SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	w.WriteHeader(statusCode)
 	if jsonErr := w.WriteJSON(response); jsonErr != nil {

pkg/restheadspec/headers.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/logger"
@@ -64,7 +65,10 @@ type ExpandOption struct {
 // decodeHeaderValue decodes base64 encoded header values
 // Supports ZIP_ and __ prefixes for base64 encoding
 func decodeHeaderValue(value string) string {
-	str, _ := DecodeParam(value)
+	str, err := DecodeParam(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return value
+	}
 	return str
 }
 
@@ -98,6 +102,11 @@ func DecodeParam(pStr string) (string, error) {
 
 	if strings.HasPrefix(code, "ZIP_") || strings.HasPrefix(code, "__") {
 		code, _ = DecodeParam(code)
+	} else {
+		strDat, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(code)
+		if err == nil && utf8.Valid(strDat) {
+			code = string(strDat)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return code, nil

pkg/security/chain.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package security
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// ChainAuthenticator tries each authenticator in order, returning the first success.
+// Login and Logout are delegated to the primary authenticator.
+type ChainAuthenticator struct {
+	authenticators       []Authenticator
+	authenticateCallback func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)
+}
+
+// NewChainAuthenticator creates a ChainAuthenticator from the given authenticators.
+// At least one authenticator is required; the first is treated as primary for Login/Logout.
+func NewChainAuthenticator(primary Authenticator, rest ...Authenticator) *ChainAuthenticator {
+	return &ChainAuthenticator{
+		authenticators: append([]Authenticator{primary}, rest...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *ChainAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, a := range c.authenticators {
+		if uc, err := a.Authenticate(r); err == nil {
+			return uc, nil
+		} else {
+			lastErr = err
+		}
+	}
+	if c.authenticateCallback != nil {
+		return c.authenticateCallback(r)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("all authenticators failed; last error: %w", lastErr)
+}
+
+func (c *ChainAuthenticator) SetAuthenticateCallback(fn func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {
+	c.authenticateCallback = fn
+}
+
+func (c *ChainAuthenticator) Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return c.authenticators[0].Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func (c *ChainAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return c.authenticators[0].LoginWithCookie(ctx, req, w)
+}
+
+func (c *ChainAuthenticator) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error {
+	return c.authenticators[0].Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func (c *ChainAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return c.authenticators[0].LogoutWithCookie(ctx, req, w)
+}

pkg/security/chain_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package security
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// stubAuthenticator is a configurable Authenticator for testing.
+type stubAuthenticator struct {
+	userCtx *UserContext
+	err     error
+}
+
+func (s *stubAuthenticator) Authenticate(_ *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
+	return s.userCtx, s.err
+}
+
+func (s *stubAuthenticator) Login(_ context.Context, _ LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	if s.err != nil {
+		return nil, s.err
+	}
+	return &LoginResponse{Token: "tok"}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return s.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func (s *stubAuthenticator) Logout(_ context.Context, _ LogoutRequest) error {
+	return s.err
+}
+
+func (s *stubAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return s.Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func (s *stubAuthenticator) SetAuthenticateCallback(_ func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {}
+
+func TestChainAuthenticator_Authenticate(t *testing.T) {
+	successCtx := &UserContext{UserID: 42, UserName: "alice"}
+	failStub := &stubAuthenticator{err: fmt.Errorf("no token")}
+	okStub := &stubAuthenticator{userCtx: successCtx}
+
+	t.Run("primary succeeds", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chain := NewChainAuthenticator(okStub, failStub)
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+
+		uc, err := chain.Authenticate(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if uc.UserID != 42 {
+			t.Errorf("expected UserID 42, got %d", uc.UserID)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("primary fails, secondary succeeds", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chain := NewChainAuthenticator(failStub, okStub)
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+
+		uc, err := chain.Authenticate(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if uc.UserID != 42 {
+			t.Errorf("expected UserID 42, got %d", uc.UserID)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("all fail", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chain := NewChainAuthenticator(failStub, failStub)
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+
+		_, err := chain.Authenticate(req)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error when all authenticators fail")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("three in chain, first two fail", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chain := NewChainAuthenticator(failStub, failStub, okStub)
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+
+		uc, err := chain.Authenticate(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if uc.UserName != "alice" {
+			t.Errorf("expected UserName alice, got %s", uc.UserName)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestChainAuthenticator_LoginLogout(t *testing.T) {
+	primary := &stubAuthenticator{userCtx: &UserContext{UserID: 1}}
+	secondary := &stubAuthenticator{userCtx: &UserContext{UserID: 2}}
+	chain := NewChainAuthenticator(primary, secondary)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	t.Run("login delegates to primary", func(t *testing.T) {
+		resp, err := chain.Login(ctx, LoginRequest{Username: "u", Password: "p"})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if resp.Token != "tok" {
+			t.Errorf("expected token from primary, got %s", resp.Token)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("logout delegates to primary", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := chain.Logout(ctx, LogoutRequest{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("login error from primary is returned", func(t *testing.T) {
+		failPrimary := &stubAuthenticator{err: fmt.Errorf("db down")}
+		chain2 := NewChainAuthenticator(failPrimary, secondary)
+		_, err := chain2.Login(ctx, LoginRequest{})
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error from primary login failure")
+		}
+	})
+}

pkg/security/composite.go

@@ -43,16 +43,31 @@ func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest)
 	return c.auth.Login(ctx, req)
 }
 
+// LoginWithCookie delegates to the authenticator
+func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return c.auth.LoginWithCookie(ctx, req, w)
+}
+
 // Logout delegates to the authenticator
 func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error {
 	return c.auth.Logout(ctx, req)
 }
 
+// LogoutWithCookie delegates to the authenticator
+func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return c.auth.LogoutWithCookie(ctx, req, w)
+}
+
 // Authenticate delegates to the authenticator
 func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	return c.auth.Authenticate(r)
 }
 
+// SetAuthenticateCallback delegates to the authenticator
+func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) SetAuthenticateCallback(fn func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {
+	c.auth.SetAuthenticateCallback(fn)
+}
+
 // GetColumnSecurity delegates to the column security provider
 func (c *CompositeSecurityProvider) GetColumnSecurity(ctx context.Context, userID int, schema, table string) ([]ColumnSecurity, error) {
 	return c.colSec.GetColumnSecurity(ctx, userID, schema, table)

pkg/security/composite_test.go

@@ -23,14 +23,24 @@ func (m *mockAuth) Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse,
 	return m.loginResp, m.loginErr
 }
 
+func (m *mockAuth) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return m.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (m *mockAuth) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error {
 	return m.logoutErr
 }
 
+func (m *mockAuth) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return m.Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (m *mockAuth) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	return m.authUser, m.authErr
 }
 
+func (m *mockAuth) SetAuthenticateCallback(_ func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {}
+
 // Optional interface implementations
 func (m *mockAuth) RefreshToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken string) (*LoginResponse, error) {
 	if !m.supportsRefresh {

pkg/security/interfaces.go

@@ -83,12 +83,26 @@ type Authenticator interface {
 	// Login authenticates credentials and returns a token
 	Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error)
 
+	// LoginWithCookie authenticates credentials and, when cookie sessions are enabled,
+	// writes the session cookie to w. Implementations that do not support cookies
+	// should delegate to Login and ignore w.
+	LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error)
+
 	// Logout invalidates a user's session/token
 	Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error
 
+	// LogoutWithCookie invalidates a user's session/token and, when cookie sessions are
+	// enabled, clears the session cookie on w. Implementations that do not support cookies
+	// should delegate to Logout and ignore w.
+	LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) error
+
 	// Authenticate extracts and validates user from HTTP request
 	// Returns UserContext or error if authentication fails
 	Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)
+
+	// SetAuthenticateCallback registers a fallback called when primary authentication fails.
+	// If the callback returns a non-nil UserContext, that result is used instead of the error.
+	SetAuthenticateCallback(fn func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error))
 }
 
 // Registrable allows providers to support user registration

pkg/security/keystore_authenticator.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 type KeyStoreAuthenticator struct {
 	keyStore             KeyStore
 	keyType              KeyType // empty = accept any type
+	authenticateCallback func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)
 }
 
 // NewKeyStoreAuthenticator creates a KeyStoreAuthenticator.
@@ -32,21 +33,42 @@ func (a *KeyStoreAuthenticator) Login(_ context.Context, _ LoginRequest) (*Login
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("keystore authenticator does not support login")
 }
 
+// LoginWithCookie is not supported for keystore authentication.
+func (a *KeyStoreAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(_ context.Context, _ LoginRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("keystore authenticator does not support login")
+}
+
 // Logout is not supported for keystore authentication.
 func (a *KeyStoreAuthenticator) Logout(_ context.Context, _ LogoutRequest) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// LogoutWithCookie is not supported for keystore authentication.
+func (a *KeyStoreAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(_ context.Context, _ LogoutRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetAuthenticateCallback registers a fallback called when key authentication fails.
+func (a *KeyStoreAuthenticator) SetAuthenticateCallback(fn func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {
+	a.authenticateCallback = fn
+}
+
 // Authenticate extracts an API key from the request and validates it against the KeyStore.
 // Returns a UserContext built from the matching UserKey on success.
 func (a *KeyStoreAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	rawKey := extractAPIKey(r)
 	if rawKey == "" {
+		if a.authenticateCallback != nil {
+			return a.authenticateCallback(r)
+		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API key required (Authorization: Bearer/ApiKey <key> or X-API-Key header)")
 	}
 
 	userKey, err := a.keyStore.ValidateKey(r.Context(), rawKey, a.keyType)
 	if err != nil {
+		if a.authenticateCallback != nil {
+			return a.authenticateCallback(r)
+		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid API key: %w", err)
 	}
 

pkg/security/provider_test.go

@@ -22,14 +22,24 @@ func (m *mockSecurityProvider) Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest) (*Lo
 	return m.loginResponse, m.loginError
 }
 
+func (m *mockSecurityProvider) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return m.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (m *mockSecurityProvider) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error {
 	return m.logoutError
 }
 
+func (m *mockSecurityProvider) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return m.Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (m *mockSecurityProvider) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	return m.authUser, m.authError
 }
 
+func (m *mockSecurityProvider) SetAuthenticateCallback(_ func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {}
+
 func (m *mockSecurityProvider) GetColumnSecurity(ctx context.Context, userID int, schema, table string) ([]ColumnSecurity, error) {
 	return m.columnSecurity, nil
 }

pkg/security/providers.go

@@ -30,10 +30,18 @@ func (a *HeaderAuthenticator) Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest) (*Log
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("header authentication does not support login")
 }
 
+func (a *HeaderAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return a.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (a *HeaderAuthenticator) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (a *HeaderAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return a.Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (a *HeaderAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	userIDStr := r.Header.Get("X-User-ID")
 	if userIDStr == "" {
@@ -70,12 +78,19 @@ type DatabaseAuthenticator struct {
 	cacheTTL  time.Duration
 	sqlNames  *SQLNames
 
+	// Cookie session support (optional, gated by enableCookieSession)
+	enableCookieSession bool
+	cookieOptions       SessionCookieOptions
+
 	// OAuth2 providers registry (multiple providers supported)
 	oauth2Providers      map[string]*OAuth2Provider
 	oauth2ProvidersMutex sync.RWMutex
 
 	// Passkey provider (optional)
 	passkeyProvider PasskeyProvider
+
+	// Optional fallback called when primary authentication fails
+	authenticateCallback func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)
 }
 
 // DatabaseAuthenticatorOptions configures the database authenticator
@@ -93,6 +108,18 @@ type DatabaseAuthenticatorOptions struct {
 	// DBFactory is called to obtain a fresh *sql.DB when the existing connection is closed.
 	// If nil, reconnection is disabled.
 	DBFactory func() (*sql.DB, error)
+	// EnableCookieSession enables cookie-based session management.
+	// When true, Authenticate reads the session token from the cookie named by
+	// CookieOptions.Name (default "session_token") in addition to the Authorization header,
+	// and LoginWithCookie / LogoutWithCookie automatically set / clear the cookie.
+	EnableCookieSession bool
+	// CookieOptions configures the session cookie written by LoginWithCookie.
+	// Only used when EnableCookieSession is true.
+	CookieOptions SessionCookieOptions
+	// AuthenticateCallback is a fallback called when the primary authentication (database
+	// session lookup) fails. If non-nil and the callback returns a non-nil UserContext,
+	// that result is used in place of the failure.
+	AuthenticateCallback func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)
 }
 
 func NewDatabaseAuthenticator(db *sql.DB) *DatabaseAuthenticator {
@@ -120,6 +147,9 @@ func NewDatabaseAuthenticatorWithOptions(db *sql.DB, opts DatabaseAuthenticatorO
 		cacheTTL:             opts.CacheTTL,
 		sqlNames:             sqlNames,
 		passkeyProvider:      opts.PasskeyProvider,
+		enableCookieSession:  opts.EnableCookieSession,
+		cookieOptions:        opts.CookieOptions,
+		authenticateCallback: opts.AuthenticateCallback,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -159,6 +189,10 @@ func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) runDBOpWithReconnect(run func(*sql.DB) error) er
 	return err
 }
 
+func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) SetAuthenticateCallback(fn func(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error)) {
+	a.authenticateCallback = fn
+}
+
 func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) Login(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error) {
 	// Convert LoginRequest to JSON
 	reqJSON, err := json.Marshal(req)
@@ -265,6 +299,33 @@ func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) e
 	return nil
 }
 
+// LoginWithCookie performs a login and, when EnableCookieSession is true, writes the
+// session cookie to w using the configured CookieOptions. The LoginResponse is returned
+// regardless of whether cookie sessions are enabled.
+func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	resp, err := a.Login(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if a.enableCookieSession {
+		SetSessionCookie(w, resp, a.cookieOptions)
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// LogoutWithCookie performs a logout and, when EnableCookieSession is true, clears the
+// session cookie on w. The logout itself is performed regardless of the cookie flag.
+func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	err := a.Logout(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if a.enableCookieSession {
+		ClearSessionCookie(w, a.cookieOptions)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	// Extract session token from header or cookie
 	sessionToken := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
@@ -272,11 +333,12 @@ func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, err
 	var tokens []string
 
 	if sessionToken == "" {
-		// Try cookie
+		if a.enableCookieSession {
-		if token := GetSessionCookie(r); token != "" {
+			if token := GetSessionCookie(r, a.cookieOptions); token != "" {
 				tokens = []string{token}
 				reference = "cookie"
 			}
+		}
 	} else {
 		// Parse Authorization header which may contain multiple comma-separated tokens
 		// Format: "Token abc, Token def" or "Bearer abc" or just "abc"
@@ -295,6 +357,9 @@ func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, err
 	}
 
 	if len(tokens) == 0 {
+		if a.authenticateCallback != nil {
+			return a.authenticateCallback(r)
+		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("session token required")
 	}
 
@@ -357,7 +422,10 @@ func (a *DatabaseAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, err
 		return &userCtx, nil
 	}
 
-	// All tokens failed
+	// All tokens failed — try callback before returning error
+	if a.authenticateCallback != nil {
+		return a.authenticateCallback(r)
+	}
 	if lastErr != nil {
 		return nil, lastErr
 	}
@@ -583,6 +651,14 @@ func (a *JWTAuthenticator) Logout(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest) error
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (a *JWTAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LoginRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	return a.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func (a *JWTAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req LogoutRequest, w http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return a.Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (a *JWTAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*UserContext, error) {
 	authHeader := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
 	if authHeader == "" {

pkg/security/providers_test.go

@@ -511,6 +511,10 @@ func TestDatabaseAuthenticator(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("authenticate with cookie", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cookieAuth := NewDatabaseAuthenticatorWithOptions(db, DatabaseAuthenticatorOptions{
+			EnableCookieSession: true,
+		})
+
 		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
 		req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{
 			Name:  "session_token",
@@ -524,7 +528,7 @@ func TestDatabaseAuthenticator(t *testing.T) {
 			WithArgs("cookie-token-456", "cookie").
 			WillReturnRows(rows)
 
-		userCtx, err := auth.Authenticate(req)
+		userCtx, err := cookieAuth.Authenticate(req)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
 		}

pkg/security/totp_integration_test.go

@@ -43,14 +43,24 @@ func (m *MockAuthenticator) Login(ctx context.Context, req security.LoginRequest
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func (m *MockAuthenticator) LoginWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req security.LoginRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) (*security.LoginResponse, error) {
+	return m.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (m *MockAuthenticator) Logout(ctx context.Context, req security.LogoutRequest) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *MockAuthenticator) LogoutWithCookie(ctx context.Context, req security.LogoutRequest, _ http.ResponseWriter) error {
+	return m.Logout(ctx, req)
+}
+
 func (m *MockAuthenticator) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (*security.UserContext, error) {
 	return m.users["testuser"], nil
 }
 
+func (m *MockAuthenticator) SetAuthenticateCallback(_ func(r *http.Request) (*security.UserContext, error)) {}
+
 func TestTwoFactorAuthenticator_Setup(t *testing.T) {
 	baseAuth := NewMockAuthenticator()
 	provider := security.NewMemoryTwoFactorProvider(nil)

pkg/websocketspec/handler.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package websocketspec
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
@@ -17,6 +18,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
 )
 
+// newErrorResponseFromErr creates an error response from a Go error, including the SQL
+// query in the error info when the error is a database SQLError.
+func newErrorResponseFromErr(id, code string, err error) *ResponseMessage {
+	resp := NewErrorResponse(id, code, err.Error())
+	var sqlErr *common.SQLError
+	if errors.As(err, &sqlErr) {
+		resp.Error.SQL = sqlErr.SQL
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
 // Handler handles WebSocket connections and messages
 type Handler struct {
 	db                  common.Database
@@ -174,6 +186,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRequest(conn *Connection, msg *Message) {
 		Options:    msg.Options,
 		ID:         recordID,
 		Data:       msg.Data,
+		Tx:         h.db,
 		Metadata:   make(map[string]interface{}),
 	}
 
@@ -235,7 +248,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(conn *Connection, msg *Message, hookCtx *HookContex
 
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("[WebSocketSpec] Read operation failed: %v", err)
-		errResp := NewErrorResponse(msg.ID, "read_error", err.Error())
+		errResp := newErrorResponseFromErr(msg.ID, "read_error", err)
 		_ = conn.SendJSON(errResp)
 		return
 	}
@@ -271,7 +284,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleCreate(conn *Connection, msg *Message, hookCtx *HookCont
 	data, err := h.create(hookCtx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("[WebSocketSpec] Create operation failed: %v", err)
-		errResp := NewErrorResponse(msg.ID, "create_error", err.Error())
+		errResp := newErrorResponseFromErr(msg.ID, "create_error", err)
 		_ = conn.SendJSON(errResp)
 		return
 	}
@@ -309,7 +322,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdate(conn *Connection, msg *Message, hookCtx *HookCont
 	data, err := h.update(hookCtx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("[WebSocketSpec] Update operation failed: %v", err)
-		errResp := NewErrorResponse(msg.ID, "update_error", err.Error())
+		errResp := newErrorResponseFromErr(msg.ID, "update_error", err)
 		_ = conn.SendJSON(errResp)
 		return
 	}
@@ -347,7 +360,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(conn *Connection, msg *Message, hookCtx *HookCont
 	err := h.delete(hookCtx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Error("[WebSocketSpec] Delete operation failed: %v", err)
-		errResp := NewErrorResponse(msg.ID, "delete_error", err.Error())
+		errResp := newErrorResponseFromErr(msg.ID, "delete_error", err)
 		_ = conn.SendJSON(errResp)
 		return
 	}

pkg/websocketspec/handler_test.go

@@ -239,6 +239,11 @@ func (m *MockInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (common.Result, error) {
 	return args.Get(0).(common.Result), args.Error(1)
 }
 
+func (m *MockInsertQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) error {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, dest)
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
 // MockUpdateQuery is a mock implementation of common.UpdateQuery
 type MockUpdateQuery struct {
 	mock.Mock

pkg/websocketspec/hooks.go

@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ type HookContext struct {
 	AbortMessage string // Message to return if aborted
 	AbortCode    int    // HTTP status code if aborted
 
+	// Tx provides access to the database/transaction for executing additional SQL
+	Tx common.Database
+
 	// Metadata is additional context data
 	Metadata map[string]interface{}
 }

pkg/websocketspec/message.go

@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ type ErrorInfo struct {
 
 	// Details contains additional error context
 	Details map[string]interface{} `json:"details,omitempty"`
+
+	// SQL is the query that caused the error, populated for database errors
+	SQL string `json:"sql,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RequestMessage represents a client request