// Copyright 2025 The Go MCP SDK Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package mcp

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"strings"

	"github.com/google/jsonschema-go/jsonschema"
	internaljson "github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/internal/json"
)

// A ToolHandler handles a call to tools/call.
//
// This is a low-level API, for use with [Server.AddTool]. It does not do any
// pre- or post-processing of the request or result: the params contain raw
// arguments, no input validation is performed, and the result is returned to
// the user as-is, without any validation of the output.
//
// Most users will write a [ToolHandlerFor] and install it with the generic
// [AddTool] function.
//
// If ToolHandler returns an error, it is treated as a protocol error. By
// contrast, [ToolHandlerFor] automatically populates [CallToolResult.IsError]
// and [CallToolResult.Content] accordingly.
type ToolHandler func(context.Context, *CallToolRequest) (*CallToolResult, error)

// A ToolHandlerFor handles a call to tools/call with typed arguments and results.
//
// Use [AddTool] to add a ToolHandlerFor to a server.
//
// Unlike [ToolHandler], [ToolHandlerFor] provides significant functionality
// out of the box, and enforces that the tool conforms to the MCP spec:
//   - The In type provides a default input schema for the tool, though it may
//     be overridden in [AddTool].
//   - The input value is automatically unmarshaled from req.Params.Arguments.
//   - The input value is automatically validated against its input schema.
//     Invalid input is rejected before getting to the handler.
//   - If the Out type is not the empty interface [any], it provides the
//     default output schema for the tool (which again may be overridden in
//     [AddTool]).
//   - The Out value is used to populate result.StructuredOutput.
//   - If [CallToolResult.Content] is unset, it is populated with the JSON
//     content of the output.
//   - An error result is treated as a tool error, rather than a protocol
//     error, and is therefore packed into CallToolResult.Content, with
//     [IsError] set.
//
// For these reasons, most users can ignore the [CallToolRequest] argument and
// [CallToolResult] return values entirely. In fact, it is permissible to
// return a nil CallToolResult, if you only care about returning a output value
// or error. The effective result will be populated as described above.
type ToolHandlerFor[In, Out any] func(_ context.Context, request *CallToolRequest, input In) (result *CallToolResult, output Out, _ error)

// A serverTool is a tool definition that is bound to a tool handler.
type serverTool struct {
	tool    *Tool
	handler ToolHandler
}

// applySchema validates whether data is valid JSON according to the provided
// schema, after applying schema defaults.
//
// Returns the JSON value augmented with defaults.
func applySchema(data json.RawMessage, resolved *jsonschema.Resolved) (json.RawMessage, error) {
	// TODO: use reflection to create the struct type to unmarshal into.
	// Separate validation from assignment.

	// Use default JSON marshalling for validation.
	//
	// This avoids inconsistent representation due to custom marshallers, such as
	// time.Time (issue #449).
	//
	// Additionally, unmarshalling into a map ensures that the resulting JSON is
	// at least {}, even if data is empty. For example, arguments is technically
	// an optional property of callToolParams, and we still want to apply the
	// defaults in this case.
	//
	// TODO(rfindley): in which cases can resolved be nil?
	if resolved != nil {
		v := make(map[string]any)
		if len(data) > 0 {
			if err := internaljson.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshaling arguments: %w", err)
			}
		}
		if err := resolved.ApplyDefaults(&v); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("applying schema defaults:\n%w", err)
		}
		if err := resolved.Validate(&v); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		// We must re-marshal with the default values applied.
		var err error
		data, err = json.Marshal(v)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshalling with defaults: %v", err)
		}
	}
	return data, nil
}

// validateToolName checks whether name is a valid tool name, reporting a
// non-nil error if not.
func validateToolName(name string) error {
	if name == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("tool name cannot be empty")
	}
	if len(name) > 128 {
		return fmt.Errorf("tool name exceeds maximum length of 128 characters (current: %d)", len(name))
	}
	// For consistency with other SDKs, report characters in the order the appear
	// in the name.
	var invalidChars []string
	seen := make(map[rune]bool)
	for _, r := range name {
		if !validToolNameRune(r) {
			if !seen[r] {
				invalidChars = append(invalidChars, fmt.Sprintf("%q", string(r)))
				seen[r] = true
			}
		}
	}
	if len(invalidChars) > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("tool name contains invalid characters: %s", strings.Join(invalidChars, ", "))
	}
	return nil
}

// validToolNameRune reports whether r is valid within tool names.
func validToolNameRune(r rune) bool {
	return (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') ||
		(r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
		(r >= '0' && r <= '9') ||
		r == '_' || r == '-' || r == '.'
}