diff --git a/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer.go b/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer.go
index 5272354..7732f37 100644
--- a/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer.go
+++ b/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer.go
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ type MigrationWriter struct {
 
 // NewMigrationWriter creates a new templated migration writer
 func NewMigrationWriter(options *writers.WriterOptions) (*MigrationWriter, error) {
+	if options == nil {
+		options = &writers.WriterOptions{}
+	}
+
 	executor, err := NewTemplateExecutor(options.FlattenSchema)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create template executor: %w", err)
@@ -44,6 +48,16 @@ func NewMigrationWriter(options *writers.WriterOptions) (*MigrationWriter, error
 
 // WriteMigration generates migration scripts using templates
 func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model *models.Database, current *models.Database) error {
+	if model == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("model database is required")
+	}
+	if w.options == nil {
+		w.options = &writers.WriterOptions{}
+	}
+	if current == nil {
+		current = models.InitDatabase(model.Name)
+	}
+
 	var writer io.Writer
 	var file *os.File
 	var err error
@@ -86,9 +100,16 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model *models.Database, current *models
 
 	// Process each schema in the model
 	for _, modelSchema := range model.Schemas {
+		if modelSchema == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		// Find corresponding schema in current database
 		var currentSchema *models.Schema
 		for _, cs := range current.Schemas {
+			if cs == nil {
+				continue
+			}
 			if strings.EqualFold(cs.Name, modelSchema.Name) {
 				currentSchema = cs
 				break
@@ -545,12 +566,17 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateIndexScripts(model *models.Schema, current *mo
 					indexType = modelIndex.Type
 				}
 
+				columnExprs := buildIndexColumnExpressions(modelTable, modelIndex, indexType)
+				if len(columnExprs) == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+
 				sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteCreateIndex(CreateIndexData{
 					SchemaName: model.Name,
 					TableName:  modelTable.Name,
 					IndexName:  indexName,
 					IndexType:  indexType,
-					Columns:    strings.Join(modelIndex.Columns, ", "),
+					Columns:    strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "),
 					Unique:     modelIndex.Unique,
 				})
 				if err != nil {
@@ -573,6 +599,27 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateIndexScripts(model *models.Schema, current *mo
 	return scripts, nil
 }
 
+func buildIndexColumnExpressions(table *models.Table, index *models.Index, indexType string) []string {
+	columnExprs := make([]string, 0, len(index.Columns))
+	for _, colName := range index.Columns {
+		colExpr := colName
+		if table != nil {
+			if col, ok := table.Columns[colName]; ok && col != nil {
+				colExpr = col.SQLName()
+				if strings.EqualFold(indexType, "gin") && isTextType(col.Type) {
+					opClass := extractOperatorClass(index.Comment)
+					if opClass == "" {
+						opClass = "gin_trgm_ops"
+					}
+					colExpr = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", col.SQLName(), opClass)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		columnExprs = append(columnExprs, colExpr)
+	}
+	return columnExprs
+}
+
 // generateForeignKeyScripts generates ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY scripts using templates
 func (w *MigrationWriter) generateForeignKeyScripts(model *models.Schema, current *models.Schema) ([]MigrationScript, error) {
 	scripts := make([]MigrationScript, 0)
diff --git a/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer_test.go b/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer_test.go
index 2d0f493..0aaa154 100644
--- a/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer_test.go
@@ -97,6 +97,89 @@ func TestWriteMigration_ArrayDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriteMigration_GinIndexOnTextUsesTrigramOperatorClass(t *testing.T) {
+	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	currentSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	current.Schemas = append(current.Schemas, currentSchema)
+
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	modelSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("articles", "public")
+	titleCol := models.InitColumn("title", "articles", "public")
+	titleCol.Type = "text"
+	table.Columns["title"] = titleCol
+
+	index := &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_articles_title_gin",
+		Type:    "gin",
+		Columns: []string{"title"},
+	}
+	table.Indexes[index.Name] = index
+
+	modelSchema.Tables = append(modelSchema.Tables, table)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, modelSchema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteMigration(model, current); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMigration failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING gin (title gin_trgm_ops)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected GIN text index to include gin_trgm_ops, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteMigration_GinIndexOnTextArrayDoesNotUseTrigramOperatorClass(t *testing.T) {
+	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	currentSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	current.Schemas = append(current.Schemas, currentSchema)
+
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	modelSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("plans", "public")
+	tagsCol := models.InitColumn("tags", "plans", "public")
+	tagsCol.Type = "text[]"
+	table.Columns["tags"] = tagsCol
+
+	index := &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_plans_tags",
+		Type:    "gin",
+		Columns: []string{"tags"},
+	}
+	table.Indexes[index.Name] = index
+
+	modelSchema.Tables = append(modelSchema.Tables, table)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, modelSchema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteMigration(model, current); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMigration failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING gin (tags)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected GIN array index without explicit trigram opclass, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(output, "gin_trgm_ops") {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect gin_trgm_ops for text[] migration index, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWriteMigration_WithAudit(t *testing.T) {
 	// Current database (empty)
 	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
@@ -322,3 +405,46 @@ func TestWriteMigration_NumericConstraintNames(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("Migration missing FOREIGN KEY")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNewMigrationWriter_NilOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewMigrationWriter(nil) returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if writer == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected writer instance")
+	}
+	if writer.options == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default writer options to be initialized")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteMigration_NilCurrentTreatsDatabaseAsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	modelSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("users", "public")
+	idCol := models.InitColumn("id", "users", "public")
+	idCol.Type = "integer"
+	idCol.NotNull = true
+	table.Columns["id"] = idCol
+
+	modelSchema.Tables = append(modelSchema.Tables, table)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, modelSchema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteMigration(model, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMigration with nil current failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "CREATE TABLE") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected CREATE TABLE in migration output, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates.go b/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates.go
index e910b82..0a59423 100644
--- a/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates.go
+++ b/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates.go
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@ type CreatePrimaryKeyWithAutoGenCheckData struct {
 	ConstraintName string
 	AutoGenNames   string // Comma-separated list of names like "'name1', 'name2'"
 	Columns        string
+	ColumnNames    string // Comma-separated list of quoted column names like "'id', 'tenant_id'"
 }
 
 // Execute methods for each template
diff --git a/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates/create_primary_key_with_autogen_check.tmpl b/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates/create_primary_key_with_autogen_check.tmpl
index 90cb5d1..cb12d1e 100644
--- a/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates/create_primary_key_with_autogen_check.tmpl
+++ b/pkg/writers/pgsql/templates/create_primary_key_with_autogen_check.tmpl
@@ -1,26 +1,42 @@
 DO $$
 DECLARE
-  auto_pk_name text;
+  current_pk_name text;
+  current_pk_matches boolean := false;
 BEGIN
-  -- Drop auto-generated primary key if it exists
-  SELECT constraint_name INTO auto_pk_name
-  FROM information_schema.table_constraints
-  WHERE table_schema = '{{.SchemaName}}'
-    AND table_name = '{{.TableName}}'
-    AND constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'
-    AND constraint_name IN ({{.AutoGenNames}});
+  SELECT tc.constraint_name,
+         COALESCE(
+           ARRAY(
+             SELECT a.attname
+             FROM pg_constraint c
+             JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = c.conrelid
+             JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.relnamespace
+             JOIN unnest(c.conkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS cols(attnum, ord)
+               ON TRUE
+             JOIN pg_attribute a
+               ON a.attrelid = t.oid
+              AND a.attnum = cols.attnum
+             WHERE c.contype = 'p'
+               AND n.nspname = '{{.SchemaName}}'
+               AND t.relname = '{{.TableName}}'
+             ORDER BY cols.ord
+           ),
+           ARRAY[]::text[]
+         ) = ARRAY[{{.ColumnNames}}]
+    INTO current_pk_name, current_pk_matches
+  FROM information_schema.table_constraints tc
+  WHERE tc.table_schema = '{{.SchemaName}}'
+    AND tc.table_name = '{{.TableName}}'
+    AND tc.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY';
 
-  IF auto_pk_name IS NOT NULL THEN
-    EXECUTE 'ALTER TABLE {{qual_table .SchemaName .TableName}} DROP CONSTRAINT ' || quote_ident(auto_pk_name);
+  IF current_pk_name IS NOT NULL
+     AND NOT current_pk_matches
+     AND current_pk_name IN ({{.AutoGenNames}}) THEN
+    EXECUTE 'ALTER TABLE {{qual_table .SchemaName .TableName}} DROP CONSTRAINT ' || quote_ident(current_pk_name);
   END IF;
 
-  -- Add named primary key if it doesn't exist
-  IF NOT EXISTS (
-    SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.table_constraints
-    WHERE table_schema = '{{.SchemaName}}'
-      AND table_name = '{{.TableName}}'
-      AND constraint_name = '{{.ConstraintName}}'
-  ) THEN
+  -- Add the desired primary key only when no matching primary key already exists.
+  IF current_pk_name IS NULL
+     OR (NOT current_pk_matches AND current_pk_name IN ({{.AutoGenNames}})) THEN
     ALTER TABLE {{qual_table .SchemaName .TableName}} ADD CONSTRAINT {{quote_ident .ConstraintName}} PRIMARY KEY ({{.Columns}});
   END IF;
 END;
diff --git a/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer.go b/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer.go
index 613fa36..c7aa92c 100644
--- a/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer.go
+++ b/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer.go
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ func (w *Writer) GenerateSchemaStatements(schema *models.Schema) ([]string, erro
 				ConstraintName: pkName,
 				AutoGenNames:   formatStringList(autoGenPKNames),
 				Columns:        strings.Join(pkColumns, ", "),
+				ColumnNames:    formatStringList(pkColumns),
 			}
 
 			stmt, err := w.executor.ExecuteCreatePrimaryKeyWithAutoGenCheck(data)
@@ -806,6 +807,7 @@ func (w *Writer) writePrimaryKeys(schema *models.Schema) error {
 			ConstraintName: pkName,
 			AutoGenNames:   formatStringList(autoGenPKNames),
 			Columns:        strings.Join(columnNames, ", "),
+			ColumnNames:    formatStringList(columnNames),
 		}
 
 		sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteCreatePrimaryKeyWithAutoGenCheck(data)
diff --git a/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer_test.go b/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer_test.go
index 356a6d2..60b17a3 100644
--- a/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer_test.go
+++ b/pkg/writers/pgsql/writer_test.go
@@ -673,9 +673,14 @@ func TestPrimaryKeyExistenceCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Output missing logic to drop auto-generated primary key\nFull output:\n%s", output)
 	}
 
-	// Verify it checks for our specific named constraint before adding it
-	if !strings.Contains(output, "constraint_name = 'pk_public_products'") {
-		t.Errorf("Output missing check for our named primary key constraint\nFull output:\n%s", output)
+	// Verify it compares the current primary key columns before dropping/recreating
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "current_pk_matches") || !strings.Contains(output, "ARRAY['id']") {
+		t.Errorf("Output missing safe primary key comparison logic\nFull output:\n%s", output)
+	}
+
+	// Verify it only adds the desired key when no PK exists or an auto-generated mismatch was dropped
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "current_pk_name IS NULL") || !strings.Contains(output, "current_pk_name IN ('products_pkey', 'public_products_pkey')") {
+		t.Errorf("Output missing guarded primary key creation logic\nFull output:\n%s", output)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -766,6 +771,43 @@ func TestColumnSizeSpecifiers(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriteDatabase_PrimaryKeyTemplateDoesNotDropMatchingAutoPrimaryKey(t *testing.T) {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	table := models.InitTable("learnings", "public")
+
+	idCol := models.InitColumn("id", "learnings", "public")
+	idCol.Type = "bigint"
+	idCol.IsPrimaryKey = true
+	table.Columns["id"] = idCol
+
+	parentCol := models.InitColumn("duplicate_of_learning_id", "learnings", "public")
+	parentCol.Type = "bigint"
+	table.Columns["duplicate_of_learning_id"] = parentCol
+
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteDatabase(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteDatabase failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "current_pk_matches") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected generated SQL to compare current PK columns, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "ARRAY['id']") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected generated SQL to compare against desired PK columns, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "NOT current_pk_matches") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected generated SQL to avoid dropping matching PKs, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGenerateColumnDefinition_PreservesExplicitTypeModifiers(t *testing.T) {
 	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})