INSERT statements were failing with duplicate key errors because the SQL being generated

Fixed insert statement bug
Fixed double .Model and .Table
2025-12-29 15:54:26 +00:00 · 2025-11-20 10:31:25 +02:00 · 2025-11-20 10:11:26 +02:00 · 2025-11-20 10:02:36 +02:00 · 2025-11-20 09:57:24 +02:00 · 2025-11-20 09:40:11 +02:00
26 changed files with 2863 additions and 361 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -23,4 +23,5 @@ go.work.sum

 # env file
 .env
-bin/
+bin/
+test.db
--- a/.golangci.bck.yml
+++ b/.golangci.bck.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+run:
+  timeout: 5m
+  tests: true
+  skip-dirs:
+    - vendor
+    - .github
+
+linters:
+  enable:
+    - errcheck
+    - gosimple
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - staticcheck
+    - unused
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+    - misspell
+    - gocritic
+    - revive
+    - stylecheck
+  disable:
+    - typecheck # Can cause issues with generics in some cases
+
+linters-settings:
+  errcheck:
+    check-type-assertions: false
+    check-blank: false
+
+  govet:
+    check-shadowing: false
+
+  gofmt:
+    simplify: true
+
+  goimports:
+    local-prefixes: github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec
+
+  gocritic:
+    enabled-checks:
+      - appendAssign
+      - assignOp
+      - boolExprSimplify
+      - builtinShadow
+      - captLocal
+      - caseOrder
+      - defaultCaseOrder
+      - dupArg
+      - dupBranchBody
+      - dupCase
+      - dupSubExpr
+      - elseif
+      - emptyFallthrough
+      - equalFold
+      - flagName
+      - ifElseChain
+      - indexAlloc
+      - initClause
+      - methodExprCall
+      - nilValReturn
+      - rangeExprCopy
+      - rangeValCopy
+      - regexpMust
+      - singleCaseSwitch
+      - sloppyLen
+      - stringXbytes
+      - switchTrue
+      - typeAssertChain
+      - typeSwitchVar
+      - underef
+      - unlabelStmt
+      - unnamedResult
+      - unnecessaryBlock
+      - weakCond
+      - yodaStyleExpr
+
+  revive:
+    rules:
+      - name: exported
+        disabled: true
+      - name: package-comments
+        disabled: true
+
+issues:
+  exclude-use-default: false
+  max-issues-per-linter: 0
+  max-same-issues: 0
+
+  # Exclude some linters from running on tests files
+  exclude-rules:
+    - path: _test\.go
+      linters:
+        - errcheck
+        - dupl
+        - gosec
+        - gocritic
+
+    # Ignore "error return value not checked" for defer statements
+    - linters:
+        - errcheck
+      text: "Error return value of .((os\\.)?std(out|err)\\..*|.*Close|.*Flush|os\\.Remove(All)?|.*print(f|ln)?|os\\.(Un)?Setenv). is not checked"
+
+    # Ignore complexity in test files
+    - path: _test\.go
+      text: "cognitive complexity|cyclomatic complexity"
+
+output:
+  format: colored-line-number
+  print-issued-lines: true
+  print-linter-name: true
--- a/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/.vscode/tasks.json
@@ -24,21 +24,63 @@
 			"type": "go",
 			"label": "go: test workspace",
 			"command": "test",
-			
 			"options": {
-				"env": {				
-					"CGO_ENABLED": "0"
-				},
-				"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/bin",
+				"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
 			},
 			"args": [
-				"../..."
+				"-v",
+				"-race",
+				"-coverprofile=coverage.out",
+				"-covermode=atomic",
+				"./..."
 			],
 			"problemMatcher": [
 				"$go"
 			],
-			"group": "build",
-			
+			"group": {
+				"kind": "test",
+				"isDefault": true
+			},
+			"presentation": {
+				"reveal": "always",
+				"panel": "new"
+			}
 		},
+		{
+			"type": "shell",
+			"label": "go: vet workspace",
+			"command": "go vet ./...",
+			"options": {
+				"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
+			},
+			"problemMatcher": [
+				"$go"
+			],
+			"group": "test"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "shell",
+			"label": "go: lint workspace",
+			"command": "golangci-lint run --timeout=5m",
+			"options": {
+				"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
+			},
+			"problemMatcher": [],
+			"group": "test"
+		},
+		{
+			"type": "shell",
+			"label": "go: full test suite",
+			"dependsOrder": "sequence",
+			"dependsOn": [
+				"go: vet workspace",
+				"go: test workspace"
+			],
+			"problemMatcher": [],
+			"group": {
+				"kind": "test",
+				"isDefault": false
+			}
+		}
 	]
 }
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ Both share the same core architecture and provide dynamic data querying, relatio
 - [RestHeadSpec: Header-Based API](#restheadspec-header-based-api-1)
  - [Lifecycle Hooks](#lifecycle-hooks)
  - [Cursor Pagination](#cursor-pagination)
+  - [Response Formats](#response-formats)
+  - [Single Record as Object](#single-record-as-object-default-behavior)
 - [Example Usage](#example-usage)
+  - [Recursive CRUD Operations](#recursive-crud-operations-)
 - [Testing](#testing)
- [What's New in v2.0](#whats-new-in-v20)
+- [What's New](#whats-new)

 ## Features

@@ -45,6 +48,7 @@ Both share the same core architecture and provide dynamic data querying, relatio
 - **Pagination**: Built-in limit/offset and cursor-based pagination
 - **Computed Columns**: Define virtual columns for complex calculations
 - **Custom Operators**: Add custom SQL conditions when needed
+- **🆕 Recursive CRUD Handler**: Automatically handle nested object graphs with foreign key resolution and per-record operation control via `_request` field

 ### Architecture (v2.0+)
 - **🆕 Database Agnostic**: Works with GORM, Bun, or any database layer through adapters
@@ -57,6 +61,7 @@ Both share the same core architecture and provide dynamic data querying, relatio
 - **🆕 Lifecycle Hooks**: Before/after hooks for create, read, update, and delete operations
 - **🆕 Cursor Pagination**: Efficient cursor-based pagination with complex sort support
 - **🆕 Multiple Response Formats**: Simple, detailed, and Syncfusion-compatible formats
+- **🆕 Single Record as Object**: Automatically normalize single-element arrays to objects (enabled by default)
 - **🆕 Advanced Filtering**: Field filters, search operators, AND/OR logic, and custom SQL
 - **🆕 Base64 Encoding**: Support for base64-encoded header values

@@ -161,6 +166,7 @@ restheadspec.SetupMuxRoutes(router, handler)
 | `X-Limit` | Limit results | `50` |
 | `X-Offset` | Offset for pagination | `100` |
 | `X-Clean-JSON` | Remove null/empty fields | `true` |
+| `X-Single-Record-As-Object` | Return single records as objects (default: `true`) | `false` |

 **Available Operators**: `eq`, `neq`, `gt`, `gte`, `lt`, `lte`, `contains`, `startswith`, `endswith`, `between`, `betweeninclusive`, `in`, `empty`, `notempty`

@@ -301,6 +307,55 @@ RestHeadSpec supports multiple response formats:
 }
 ```

+### Single Record as Object (Default Behavior)
+
+By default, RestHeadSpec automatically converts single-element arrays into objects for cleaner API responses. This provides a better developer experience when fetching individual records.
+
+**Default behavior (enabled)**:
+```http
+GET /public/users/123
+```
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "data": { "id": 123, "name": "John", "email": "john@example.com" }
+}
+```
+
+Instead of:
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "data": [{ "id": 123, "name": "John", "email": "john@example.com" }]
+}
+```
+
+**To disable** (force arrays for consistency):
+```http
+GET /public/users/123
+X-Single-Record-As-Object: false
+```
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "data": [{ "id": 123, "name": "John", "email": "john@example.com" }]
+}
+```
+
+**How it works**:
+- When a query returns exactly **one record**, it's returned as an object
+- When a query returns **multiple records**, they're returned as an array
+- Set `X-Single-Record-As-Object: false` to always receive arrays
+- Works with all response formats (simple, detail, syncfusion)
+- Applies to both read operations and create/update returning clauses
+
+**Benefits**:
+- Cleaner API responses for single-record queries
+- No need to unwrap single-element arrays on the client side
+- Better TypeScript/type inference support
+- Consistent with common REST API patterns
+- Backward compatible via header opt-out
+
 ## Example Usage

 ### Reading Data with Related Entities
@@ -342,6 +397,92 @@ POST /core/users
 }
 ```

+### Recursive CRUD Operations (🆕)
+
+ResolveSpec now supports automatic handling of nested object graphs with intelligent foreign key resolution. This allows you to create, update, or delete entire object hierarchies in a single request.
+
+#### Creating Nested Objects
+
+```json
+POST /core/users
+{
+  "operation": "create",
+  "data": {
+    "name": "John Doe",
+    "email": "john@example.com",
+    "posts": [
+      {
+        "title": "My First Post",
+        "content": "Hello World",
+        "tags": [
+          {"name": "tech"},
+          {"name": "programming"}
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "title": "Second Post",
+        "content": "More content"
+      }
+    ],
+    "profile": {
+      "bio": "Software Developer",
+      "website": "https://example.com"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Per-Record Operation Control with `_request`
+
+Control individual operations for each nested record using the special `_request` field:
+
+```json
+POST /core/users/123
+{
+  "operation": "update",
+  "data": {
+    "name": "John Updated",
+    "posts": [
+      {
+        "_request": "insert",
+        "title": "New Post",
+        "content": "Fresh content"
+      },
+      {
+        "_request": "update",
+        "id": 456,
+        "title": "Updated Post Title"
+      },
+      {
+        "_request": "delete",
+        "id": 789
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Supported `_request` values**:
+- `insert` - Create a new related record
+- `update` - Update an existing related record
+- `delete` - Delete a related record
+- `upsert` - Create if doesn't exist, update if exists
+
+#### How It Works
+
+1. **Automatic Foreign Key Resolution**: Parent IDs are automatically propagated to child records
+2. **Recursive Processing**: Handles nested relationships at any depth
+3. **Transaction Safety**: All operations execute within database transactions
+4. **Relationship Detection**: Automatically detects belongsTo, hasMany, hasOne, and many2many relationships
+5. **Flexible Operations**: Mix create, update, and delete operations in a single request
+
+#### Benefits
+
+- Reduce API round trips for complex object graphs
+- Maintain referential integrity automatically
+- Simplify client-side code
+- Atomic operations with automatic rollback on errors
+
 ## Installation

 ```bash
@@ -811,12 +952,32 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file

 ### v2.1 (Latest)

+**Recursive CRUD Handler (🆕 Nov 11, 2025)**:
+- **Nested Object Graphs**: Automatically handle complex object hierarchies with parent-child relationships
+- **Foreign Key Resolution**: Automatic propagation of parent IDs to child records
+- **Per-Record Operations**: Control create/update/delete operations per record via `_request` field
+- **Transaction Safety**: All nested operations execute atomically within database transactions
+- **Relationship Detection**: Automatic detection of belongsTo, hasMany, hasOne, and many2many relationships
+- **Deep Nesting Support**: Handle relationships at any depth level
+- **Mixed Operations**: Combine insert, update, and delete operations in a single request
+
+**Primary Key Improvements (Nov 11, 2025)**:
+- **GetPrimaryKeyName**: Enhanced primary key detection for better preload and ID field handling
+- **Better GORM/Bun Support**: Improved compatibility with both ORMs for primary key operations
+- **Computed Column Support**: Fixed computed columns functionality across handlers
+
+**Database Adapter Enhancements (Nov 11, 2025)**:
+- **Bun ORM Relations**: Using Scan model method for better has-many and many-to-many relationship handling
+- **Model Method Support**: Enhanced query building with proper model registration
+- **Improved Type Safety**: Better handling of relationship queries with type-aware scanning
+
 **RestHeadSpec - Header-Based REST API**:
 - **Header-Based Querying**: All query options via HTTP headers instead of request body
 - **Lifecycle Hooks**: Before/after hooks for create, read, update, delete operations
 - **Cursor Pagination**: Efficient cursor-based pagination with complex sorting
 - **Advanced Filtering**: Field filters, search operators, AND/OR logic
 - **Multiple Response Formats**: Simple, detailed, and Syncfusion-compatible responses
+- **Single Record as Object**: Automatically return single-element arrays as objects (default, toggleable via header)
 - **Base64 Support**: Base64-encoded header values for complex queries
 - **Type-Aware Filtering**: Automatic type detection and conversion for filters

@@ -826,6 +987,7 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file
 - Improved reflection safety
 - Fixed COUNT query issues with table aliasing
 - Better pointer handling throughout the codebase
+- **Comprehensive Test Coverage**: Added standalone CRUD tests for both ResolveSpec and RestHeadSpec

 ### v2.0

--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.28 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v3 v3.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
@@ -29,15 +31,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/sjson v1.2.5 // indirect
 	github.com/tmthrgd/go-hex v0.0.0-20190904060850-447a3041c3bc // indirect
+	github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/sqlitedialect v1.2.15 // indirect
+	github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/sqliteshim v1.2.15 // indirect
 	github.com/uptrace/bunrouter v1.0.23 // indirect
 	github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.10.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250711185948-6ae5c78190dc // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.34.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.21.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.22.5 // indirect
-	modernc.org/mathutil v1.5.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/memory v1.5.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.23.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 // indirect
+	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
+	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.0 // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0 h1:wSG0irqzP6VurnMEpFGer5Li19RpIRi2qvQz++w0GM
 github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0/go.mod h1:h8/o8j5wiAsqSPoWELDUdJXhjAhsVliSn7bWZjOhrgQ=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20221118152302-e6195bd50e26 h1:Xim43kblpZXfIBQsbuBVKCudVG457BR2GZFIz3uw3hQ=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20221118152302-e6195bd50e26/go.mod h1:dDKJzRmX4S37WGHujM7tX//fmj1uioxKzKxz3lo4HJo=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250317173921-a4b03ec1a45e h1:ijClszYn+mADRFY17kjQEVQ1XRhq2/JR1M3sGqeJoxs=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 h1:TuBL49tXwgrFYWhqrNgrUNEY92u81SPhu7sTdzQEiWY=
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
+github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.28 h1:ThEiQrnbtumT+QMknw63Befp/ce/nUPgBPMlRFEum7A=
+github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.28/go.mod h1:Uh1q+B4BYcTPb+yiD3kU8Ct7aC0hY9fxUwlHK0RXw+Y=
+github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9 h1:bY0MQC28UADQmHmaF5dgpLmImcShSi2kHU9XLdhx/f4=
+github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v0.1.9/go.mod h1:Fwc5htZGVVkseilnfgOVb9mKy6w1naJmn9CehxcKcls=
 github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e h1:fD57ERR4JtEqsWbfPhv4DMiApHyliiK5xCTNVSPiaAs=
 github.com/niemeyer/pretty v0.0.0-20200227124842-a10e7caefd8e/go.mod h1:zD1mROLANZcx1PVRCS0qkT7pwLkGfwJo4zjcN/Tysno=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
@@ -50,6 +55,10 @@ github.com/tmthrgd/go-hex v0.0.0-20190904060850-447a3041c3bc h1:9lRDQMhESg+zvGYm
 github.com/tmthrgd/go-hex v0.0.0-20190904060850-447a3041c3bc/go.mod h1:bciPuU6GHm1iF1pBvUfxfsH0Wmnc2VbpgvbI9ZWuIRs=
 github.com/uptrace/bun v1.2.15 h1:Ut68XRBLDgp9qG9QBMa9ELWaZOmzHNdczHQdrOZbEFE=
 github.com/uptrace/bun v1.2.15/go.mod h1:Eghz7NonZMiTX/Z6oKYytJ0oaMEJ/eq3kEV4vSqG038=
+github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/sqlitedialect v1.2.15 h1:7upGMVjFRB1oI78GQw6ruNLblYn5CR+kxqcbbeBBils=
+github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/sqlitedialect v1.2.15/go.mod h1:c7YIDaPNS2CU2uI1p7umFuFWkuKbDcPDDvp+DLHZnkI=
+github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/sqliteshim v1.2.15 h1:M/rZJSjOPV4OmfTVnDPtL+wJmdMTqDUn8cuk5ycfABA=
+github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/sqliteshim v1.2.15/go.mod h1:YqwxFyvM992XOCpGJtXyKPkgkb+aZpIIMzGbpaw1hIk=
 github.com/uptrace/bunrouter v1.0.23 h1:Bi7NKw3uCQkcA/GUCtDNPq5LE5UdR9pe+UyWbjHB/wU=
 github.com/uptrace/bunrouter v1.0.23/go.mod h1:O3jAcl+5qgnF+ejhgkmbceEk0E/mqaK+ADOocdNpY8M=
 github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.4.1 h1:cQriyiUvjTwOHg8QZaPihLWeRAAVoCpE00IUPn0Bjt8=
@@ -62,6 +71,8 @@ go.uber.org/multierr v1.10.0 h1:S0h4aNzvfcFsC3dRF1jLoaov7oRaKqRGC/pUEJ2yvPQ=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.10.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250711185948-6ae5c78190dc h1:TS73t7x3KarrNd5qAipmspBDS1rkMcgVG/fS1aRb4Rc=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250711185948-6ae5c78190dc/go.mod h1:A+z0yzpGtvnG90cToK5n2tu8UJVP2XUATh+r+sfOOOc=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.34.0 h1:H5Y5sJ2L2JRdyv7ROF1he/lPdvFsd0mJHFw2ThKHxLA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.34.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
@@ -77,9 +88,17 @@ gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12 h1:I0u8i2hWQItBq1WfE0o2+WuL9+8L21K9e2HHSTE/0f8=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12/go.mod h1:xh7N7RHfYlNc5EmcI/El95gXusucDrQnHXe0+CgWcLQ=
 modernc.org/libc v1.22.5 h1:91BNch/e5B0uPbJFgqbxXuOnxBQjlS//icfQEGmvyjE=
 modernc.org/libc v1.22.5/go.mod h1:jj+Z7dTNX8fBScMVNRAYZ/jF91K8fdT2hYMThc3YjBY=
+modernc.org/libc v1.66.3 h1:cfCbjTUcdsKyyZZfEUKfoHcP3S0Wkvz3jgSzByEWVCQ=
+modernc.org/libc v1.66.3/go.mod h1:XD9zO8kt59cANKvHPXpx7yS2ELPheAey0vjIuZOhOU8=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.5.0 h1:rV0Ko/6SfM+8G+yKiyI830l3Wuz1zRutdslNoQ0kfiQ=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.5.0/go.mod h1:mZW8CKdRPY1v87qxC/wUdX5O1qDzXMP5TH3wjfpga6E=
+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
+modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1/go.mod h1:4p5IwJITfppl0G4sUEDtCr4DthTaT47/N3aT6MhfgJg=
 modernc.org/memory v1.5.0 h1:N+/8c5rE6EqugZwHii4IFsaJ7MUhoWX07J5tC/iI5Ds=
 modernc.org/memory v1.5.0/go.mod h1:PkUhL0Mugw21sHPeskwZW4D6VscE/GQJOnIpCnW6pSU=
+modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 h1:o4QC8aMQzmcwCK3t3Ux/ZHmwFPzE6hf2Y5LbkRs+hbI=
+modernc.org/memory v1.11.0/go.mod h1:/JP4VbVC+K5sU2wZi9bHoq2MAkCnrt2r98UGeSK7Mjw=
 modernc.org/sqlite v1.23.1 h1:nrSBg4aRQQwq59JpvGEQ15tNxoO5pX/kUjcRNwSAGQM=
 modernc.org/sqlite v1.23.1/go.mod h1:OrDj17Mggn6MhE+iPbBNf7RGKODDE9NFT0f3EwDzJqk=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.0 h1:+4OrfPQ8pxHKuWG4md1JpR/EYAh3Md7TdejuuzE7EUI=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.0/go.mod h1:1Bj+yES4SVvBZ4cBOpVZ6QgesMCKpJZDq0nxYzOpmNE=
--- a/pkg/common/adapters/database/bun.go
+++ b/pkg/common/adapters/database/bun.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/uptrace/bun"

 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/modelregistry"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
 )

 // BunAdapter adapts Bun to work with our Database interface
@@ -119,6 +121,12 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Column(columns ...string) common.SelectQuery {
 	return b
 }

+func (b *BunSelectQuery) ColumnExpr(query string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	b.query = b.query.ColumnExpr(query, args)
+
+	return b
+}
+
 func (b *BunSelectQuery) Where(query string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	b.query = b.query.Where(query, args...)
 	return b
@@ -209,6 +217,40 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Preload(relation string, conditions ...interface{}) com
 	return b
 }

+func (b *BunSelectQuery) PreloadRelation(relation string, apply ...func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+	b.query = b.query.Relation(relation, func(sq *bun.SelectQuery) *bun.SelectQuery {
+		if len(apply) == 0 {
+			return sq
+		}
+
+		// Wrap the incoming *bun.SelectQuery in our adapter
+		wrapper := &BunSelectQuery{
+			query: sq,
+			db:    b.db,
+		}
+
+		// Start with the interface value (not pointer)
+		current := common.SelectQuery(wrapper)
+
+		// Apply each function in sequence
+		for _, fn := range apply {
+			if fn != nil {
+				// Pass &current (pointer to interface variable), fn modifies and returns new interface value
+				modified := fn(current)
+				current = modified
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Extract the final *bun.SelectQuery
+		if finalBun, ok := current.(*BunSelectQuery); ok {
+			return finalBun.query
+		}
+
+		return sq // fallback
+	})
+	return b
+}
+
 func (b *BunSelectQuery) Order(order string) common.SelectQuery {
 	b.query = b.query.Order(order)
 	return b
@@ -238,6 +280,10 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) error {
 	return b.query.Scan(ctx, dest)
 }

+func (b *BunSelectQuery) ScanModel(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return b.query.Scan(ctx)
+}
+
 func (b *BunSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
 	// If Model() was set, use bun's native Count() which works properly
 	if b.hasModel {
@@ -261,12 +307,14 @@ func (b *BunSelectQuery) Exists(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {

 // BunInsertQuery implements InsertQuery for Bun
 type BunInsertQuery struct {
-	query  *bun.InsertQuery
-	values map[string]interface{}
+	query    *bun.InsertQuery
+	values   map[string]interface{}
+	hasModel bool
 }

 func (b *BunInsertQuery) Model(model interface{}) common.InsertQuery {
 	b.query = b.query.Model(model)
+	b.hasModel = true
 	return b
 }

@@ -296,10 +344,16 @@ func (b *BunInsertQuery) Returning(columns ...string) common.InsertQuery {
 }

 func (b *BunInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (common.Result, error) {
-	if b.values != nil {
-		// For Bun, we need to handle this differently
-		for k, v := range b.values {
-			b.query = b.query.Set("? = ?", bun.Ident(k), v)
+	if b.values != nil && len(b.values) > 0 {
+		if !b.hasModel {
+			// If no model was set, use the values map as the model
+			// Bun can insert map[string]interface{} directly
+			b.query = b.query.Model(&b.values)
+		} else {
+			// If model was set, use Value() to add individual values
+			for k, v := range b.values {
+				b.query = b.query.Value(k, "?", v)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	result, err := b.query.Exec(ctx)
@@ -309,25 +363,50 @@ func (b *BunInsertQuery) Exec(ctx context.Context) (common.Result, error) {
 // BunUpdateQuery implements UpdateQuery for Bun
 type BunUpdateQuery struct {
 	query *bun.UpdateQuery
+	model interface{}
 }

 func (b *BunUpdateQuery) Model(model interface{}) common.UpdateQuery {
 	b.query = b.query.Model(model)
+	b.model = model
 	return b
 }

 func (b *BunUpdateQuery) Table(table string) common.UpdateQuery {
 	b.query = b.query.Table(table)
+	if b.model == nil {
+		// Try to get table name from table string if model is not set
+
+		model, err := modelregistry.GetModelByName(table)
+		if err == nil {
+			b.model = model
+		}
+	}
 	return b
 }

 func (b *BunUpdateQuery) Set(column string, value interface{}) common.UpdateQuery {
+	// Validate column is writable if model is set
+	if b.model != nil && !reflection.IsColumnWritable(b.model, column) {
+		// Skip scan-only columns
+		return b
+	}
 	b.query = b.query.Set(column+" = ?", value)
 	return b
 }

 func (b *BunUpdateQuery) SetMap(values map[string]interface{}) common.UpdateQuery {
+	pkName := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(b.model)
 	for column, value := range values {
+		// Validate column is writable if model is set
+		if b.model != nil && !reflection.IsColumnWritable(b.model, column) {
+			// Skip scan-only columns
+			continue
+		}
+		if pkName != "" && column == pkName {
+			// Skip primary key updates
+			continue
+		}
 		b.query = b.query.Set(column+" = ?", value)
 	}
 	return b
--- a/pkg/common/adapters/database/bun_insert_test.go
+++ b/pkg/common/adapters/database/bun_insert_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/sqlitedialect"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/sqliteshim"
+)
+
+// TestInsertModel is a test model for insert operations
+type TestInsertModel struct {
+	bun.BaseModel `bun:"table:test_inserts"`
+	ID            int64  `bun:"id,pk,autoincrement"`
+	Name          string `bun:"name,notnull"`
+	Email         string `bun:"email"`
+	Age           int    `bun:"age"`
+}
+
+func setupBunTestDB(t *testing.T) *bun.DB {
+	sqldb, err := sql.Open(sqliteshim.ShimName, "file::memory:?cache=shared")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to open SQLite database")
+
+	db := bun.NewDB(sqldb, sqlitedialect.New())
+
+	// Create test table
+	_, err = db.NewCreateTable().
+		Model((*TestInsertModel)(nil)).
+		IfNotExists().
+		Exec(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create test table")
+
+	return db
+}
+
+func TestBunInsertQuery_Model(t *testing.T) {
+	db := setupBunTestDB(t)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	adapter := NewBunAdapter(db)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test inserting with Model()
+	model := &TestInsertModel{
+		Name:  "John Doe",
+		Email: "john@example.com",
+		Age:   30,
+	}
+
+	result, err := adapter.NewInsert().
+		Model(model).
+		Returning("*").
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Insert should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), result.RowsAffected(), "Should insert 1 row")
+
+	// Verify the data was inserted
+	var retrieved TestInsertModel
+	err = db.NewSelect().
+		Model(&retrieved).
+		Where("id = ?", model.ID).
+		Scan(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should retrieve inserted row")
+	assert.Equal(t, "John Doe", retrieved.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "john@example.com", retrieved.Email)
+	assert.Equal(t, 30, retrieved.Age)
+}
+
+func TestBunInsertQuery_Value(t *testing.T) {
+	db := setupBunTestDB(t)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	adapter := NewBunAdapter(db)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test inserting with Value() method - this was the bug
+	result, err := adapter.NewInsert().
+		Table("test_inserts").
+		Value("name", "Jane Smith").
+		Value("email", "jane@example.com").
+		Value("age", 25).
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Insert with Value() should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), result.RowsAffected(), "Should insert 1 row")
+
+	// Verify the data was inserted
+	var retrieved TestInsertModel
+	err = db.NewSelect().
+		Model(&retrieved).
+		Where("name = ?", "Jane Smith").
+		Scan(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should retrieve inserted row")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Jane Smith", retrieved.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "jane@example.com", retrieved.Email)
+	assert.Equal(t, 25, retrieved.Age)
+}
+
+func TestBunInsertQuery_MultipleValues(t *testing.T) {
+	db := setupBunTestDB(t)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	adapter := NewBunAdapter(db)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test inserting multiple values
+	result, err := adapter.NewInsert().
+		Table("test_inserts").
+		Value("name", "Alice").
+		Value("email", "alice@example.com").
+		Value("age", 28).
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "First insert should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), result.RowsAffected())
+
+	result, err = adapter.NewInsert().
+		Table("test_inserts").
+		Value("name", "Bob").
+		Value("email", "bob@example.com").
+		Value("age", 35).
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Second insert should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), result.RowsAffected())
+
+	// Verify both rows exist
+	var count int
+	count, err = db.NewSelect().
+		Model((*TestInsertModel)(nil)).
+		Count(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Count should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, count, "Should have 2 rows")
+}
+
+func TestBunInsertQuery_ValueWithNil(t *testing.T) {
+	db := setupBunTestDB(t)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	adapter := NewBunAdapter(db)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test inserting with nil value for nullable field
+	result, err := adapter.NewInsert().
+		Table("test_inserts").
+		Value("name", "Test User").
+		Value("email", nil). // NULL email
+		Value("age", 20).
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Insert with nil value should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), result.RowsAffected())
+
+	// Verify the data was inserted with NULL email
+	var retrieved TestInsertModel
+	err = db.NewSelect().
+		Model(&retrieved).
+		Where("name = ?", "Test User").
+		Scan(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should retrieve inserted row")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Test User", retrieved.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", retrieved.Email) // NULL becomes empty string
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, retrieved.Age)
+}
+
+func TestBunInsertQuery_Returning(t *testing.T) {
+	db := setupBunTestDB(t)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	adapter := NewBunAdapter(db)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test insert with RETURNING clause
+	// Note: SQLite has limited RETURNING support, but this tests the API
+	result, err := adapter.NewInsert().
+		Table("test_inserts").
+		Value("name", "Return Test").
+		Value("email", "return@example.com").
+		Value("age", 40).
+		Returning("*").
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Insert with RETURNING should succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), result.RowsAffected())
+}
+
+func TestBunInsertQuery_EmptyValues(t *testing.T) {
+	db := setupBunTestDB(t)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	adapter := NewBunAdapter(db)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test insert without calling Value() - should use Model() or fail gracefully
+	result, err := adapter.NewInsert().
+		Table("test_inserts").
+		Exec(ctx)
+
+	// This should fail because no values are provided
+	assert.Error(t, err, "Insert without values should fail")
+	if result != nil {
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), result.RowsAffected())
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/common/adapters/database/gorm.go
+++ b/pkg/common/adapters/database/gorm.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/modelregistry"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
 )

 // GormAdapter adapts GORM to work with our Database interface
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Table(table string) common.SelectQuery {
 	g.db = g.db.Table(table)
 	// Check if the table name contains schema (e.g., "schema.table")
 	g.schema, g.tableName = parseTableName(table)
+
 	return g
 }

@@ -105,6 +108,11 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Column(columns ...string) common.SelectQuery {
 	return g
 }

+func (g *GormSelectQuery) ColumnExpr(query string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	g.db = g.db.Select(query, args...)
+	return g
+}
+
 func (g *GormSelectQuery) Where(query string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	g.db = g.db.Where(query, args...)
 	return g
@@ -192,6 +200,36 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Preload(relation string, conditions ...interface{}) co
 	return g
 }

+func (g *GormSelectQuery) PreloadRelation(relation string, apply ...func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+	g.db = g.db.Preload(relation, func(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
+		if len(apply) == 0 {
+			return db
+		}
+
+		wrapper := &GormSelectQuery{
+			db: db,
+		}
+
+		current := common.SelectQuery(wrapper)
+
+		for _, fn := range apply {
+			if fn != nil {
+
+				modified := fn(current)
+				current = modified
+			}
+		}
+
+		if finalBun, ok := current.(*GormSelectQuery); ok {
+			return finalBun.db
+		}
+
+		return db // fallback
+	})
+
+	return g
+}
+
 func (g *GormSelectQuery) Order(order string) common.SelectQuery {
 	g.db = g.db.Order(order)
 	return g
@@ -221,6 +259,13 @@ func (g *GormSelectQuery) Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) error {
 	return g.db.WithContext(ctx).Find(dest).Error
 }

+func (g *GormSelectQuery) ScanModel(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if g.db.Statement.Model == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ScanModel requires Model() to be set before scanning")
+	}
+	return g.db.WithContext(ctx).Find(g.db.Statement.Model).Error
+}
+
 func (g *GormSelectQuery) Count(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
 	var count int64
 	err := g.db.WithContext(ctx).Count(&count).Error
@@ -297,10 +342,23 @@ func (g *GormUpdateQuery) Model(model interface{}) common.UpdateQuery {

 func (g *GormUpdateQuery) Table(table string) common.UpdateQuery {
 	g.db = g.db.Table(table)
+	if g.model == nil {
+		// Try to get table name from table string if model is not set
+		model, err := modelregistry.GetModelByName(table)
+		if err == nil {
+			g.model = model
+		}
+	}
 	return g
 }

 func (g *GormUpdateQuery) Set(column string, value interface{}) common.UpdateQuery {
+	// Validate column is writable if model is set
+	if g.model != nil && !reflection.IsColumnWritable(g.model, column) {
+		// Skip read-only columns
+		return g
+	}
+
 	if g.updates == nil {
 		g.updates = make(map[string]interface{})
 	}
@@ -311,7 +369,25 @@ func (g *GormUpdateQuery) Set(column string, value interface{}) common.UpdateQue
 }

 func (g *GormUpdateQuery) SetMap(values map[string]interface{}) common.UpdateQuery {
-	g.updates = values
+
+	// Filter out read-only columns if model is set
+	if g.model != nil {
+		pkName := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(g.model)
+		filteredValues := make(map[string]interface{})
+		for column, value := range values {
+			if pkName != "" && column == pkName {
+				// Skip primary key updates
+				continue
+			}
+			if reflection.IsColumnWritable(g.model, column) {
+				filteredValues[column] = value
+			}
+
+		}
+		g.updates = filteredValues
+	} else {
+		g.updates = values
+	}
 	return g
 }

--- a/pkg/common/adapters/database/update_validation_test.go
+++ b/pkg/common/adapters/database/update_validation_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
+)
+
+// Test models for bun
+type BunTestModel struct {
+	ID          int    `bun:"id,pk"`
+	Name        string `bun:"name"`
+	Email       string `bun:"email"`
+	ComputedCol string `bun:"computed_col,scanonly"`
+}
+
+// Test models for gorm
+type GormTestModel struct {
+	ID          int    `gorm:"column:id;primaryKey"`
+	Name        string `gorm:"column:name"`
+	Email       string `gorm:"column:email"`
+	ReadOnlyCol string `gorm:"column:readonly_col;->"`
+	NoWriteCol  string `gorm:"column:nowrite_col;<-:false"`
+}
+
+func TestIsColumnWritable_Bun(t *testing.T) {
+	model := &BunTestModel{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		columnName string
+		expected   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "writable column - id",
+			columnName: "id",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "writable column - name",
+			columnName: "name",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "writable column - email",
+			columnName: "email",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "scanonly column should not be writable",
+			columnName: "computed_col",
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "non-existent column should be writable (dynamic)",
+			columnName: "nonexistent",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := reflection.IsColumnWritable(model, tt.columnName)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("IsColumnWritable(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.columnName, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsColumnWritable_Gorm(t *testing.T) {
+	model := &GormTestModel{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		columnName string
+		expected   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "writable column - id",
+			columnName: "id",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "writable column - name",
+			columnName: "name",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "writable column - email",
+			columnName: "email",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "read-only column with -> should not be writable",
+			columnName: "readonly_col",
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "column with <-:false should not be writable",
+			columnName: "nowrite_col",
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "non-existent column should be writable (dynamic)",
+			columnName: "nonexistent",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := reflection.IsColumnWritable(model, tt.columnName)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("IsColumnWritable(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.columnName, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBunUpdateQuery_SetMap_FiltersScanOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	// Note: This is a unit test for the validation logic only.
+	// We can't fully test the bun query without a database connection,
+	// but we've verified the validation logic in TestIsColumnWritable_Bun
+	t.Skip("Skipping integration test - validation logic tested in TestIsColumnWritable_Bun")
+}
+
+func TestGormUpdateQuery_SetMap_FiltersReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	model := &GormTestModel{}
+	query := &GormUpdateQuery{
+		model: model,
+	}
+
+	// SetMap should filter out read-only columns
+	values := map[string]interface{}{
+		"name":         "John",
+		"email":        "john@example.com",
+		"readonly_col": "should_be_filtered",
+		"nowrite_col":  "should_also_be_filtered",
+	}
+
+	query.SetMap(values)
+
+	// Check that the updates map only contains writable columns
+	if updates, ok := query.updates.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+		if _, exists := updates["readonly_col"]; exists {
+			t.Error("readonly_col should have been filtered out")
+		}
+		if _, exists := updates["nowrite_col"]; exists {
+			t.Error("nowrite_col should have been filtered out")
+		}
+		if _, exists := updates["name"]; !exists {
+			t.Error("name should be in updates")
+		}
+		if _, exists := updates["email"]; !exists {
+			t.Error("email should be in updates")
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.Error("updates should be a map[string]interface{}")
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/common/interfaces.go
+++ b/pkg/common/interfaces.go
@@ -26,11 +26,13 @@ type SelectQuery interface {
 	Model(model interface{}) SelectQuery
 	Table(table string) SelectQuery
 	Column(columns ...string) SelectQuery
+	ColumnExpr(query string, args ...interface{}) SelectQuery
 	Where(query string, args ...interface{}) SelectQuery
 	WhereOr(query string, args ...interface{}) SelectQuery
 	Join(query string, args ...interface{}) SelectQuery
 	LeftJoin(query string, args ...interface{}) SelectQuery
 	Preload(relation string, conditions ...interface{}) SelectQuery
+	PreloadRelation(relation string, apply ...func(SelectQuery) SelectQuery) SelectQuery
 	Order(order string) SelectQuery
 	Limit(n int) SelectQuery
 	Offset(n int) SelectQuery
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ type SelectQuery interface {

 	// Execution methods
 	Scan(ctx context.Context, dest interface{}) error
+	ScanModel(ctx context.Context) error
 	Count(ctx context.Context) (int, error)
 	Exists(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
 }
--- a/pkg/common/recursive_crud.go
+++ b/pkg/common/recursive_crud.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
 )

 // CRUDRequestProvider interface for models that provide CRUD request strings
@@ -110,6 +111,9 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) ProcessNestedCUD(
 	// Inject parent IDs for foreign key resolution
 	p.injectForeignKeys(regularData, modelType, parentIDs)

+	// Get the primary key name for this model
+	pkName := reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model)
+
 	// Process based on operation
 	switch strings.ToLower(operation) {
 	case "insert", "create":
@@ -127,30 +131,30 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) ProcessNestedCUD(
 		}

 	case "update":
-		rows, err := p.processUpdate(ctx, regularData, tableName, data["id"])
+		rows, err := p.processUpdate(ctx, regularData, tableName, data[pkName])
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("update failed: %w", err)
 		}
-		result.ID = data["id"]
+		result.ID = data[pkName]
 		result.AffectedRows = rows
 		result.Data = regularData

 		// Process child relations for update
-		if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "update", data["id"], relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType); err != nil {
+		if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "update", data[pkName], relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process child relations: %w", err)
 		}

 	case "delete":
 		// Process child relations first (for referential integrity)
-		if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "delete", data["id"], relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType); err != nil {
+		if err := p.processChildRelations(ctx, "delete", data[pkName], relationFields, result.RelationData, modelType); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to process child relations before delete: %w", err)
 		}

-		rows, err := p.processDelete(ctx, tableName, data["id"])
+		rows, err := p.processDelete(ctx, tableName, data[pkName])
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("delete failed: %w", err)
 		}
-		result.ID = data["id"]
+		result.ID = data[pkName]
 		result.AffectedRows = rows
 		result.Data = regularData

@@ -248,7 +252,7 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) processUpdate(

 	logger.Debug("Updating %s with ID %v, data: %+v", tableName, id, data)

-	query := p.db.NewUpdate().Table(tableName).SetMap(data).Where("id = ?", id)
+	query := p.db.NewUpdate().Table(tableName).SetMap(data).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(tableName))), id)

 	result, err := query.Exec(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -268,7 +272,7 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) processDelete(ctx context.Context, tableName string

 	logger.Debug("Deleting from %s with ID %v", tableName, id)

-	query := p.db.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where("id = ?", id)
+	query := p.db.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(tableName))), id)

 	result, err := query.Exec(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -377,8 +381,16 @@ func (p *NestedCUDProcessor) getTableNameForModel(model interface{}, defaultName
 }

 // ShouldUseNestedProcessor determines if we should use nested CUD processing
-// It checks if the data contains nested relations or a _request field
+// It recursively checks if the data contains:
+// 1. A _request field at any level, OR
+// 2. Nested relations that themselves contain further nested relations or _request fields
+// This ensures nested processing is only used when there are deeply nested operations
 func ShouldUseNestedProcessor(data map[string]interface{}, model interface{}, relationshipHelper RelationshipInfoProvider) bool {
+	return shouldUseNestedProcessorDepth(data, model, relationshipHelper, 0)
+}
+
+// shouldUseNestedProcessorDepth is the internal recursive implementation with depth tracking
+func shouldUseNestedProcessorDepth(data map[string]interface{}, model interface{}, relationshipHelper RelationshipInfoProvider, depth int) bool {
 	// Check for _request field
 	if _, hasCRUDRequest := data["_request"]; hasCRUDRequest {
 		return true
@@ -405,10 +417,34 @@ func ShouldUseNestedProcessor(data map[string]interface{}, model interface{}, re
 		relInfo := relationshipHelper.GetRelationshipInfo(modelType, key)
 		if relInfo != nil {
 			// Check if the value is actually nested data (object or array)
-			switch value.(type) {
+			switch v := value.(type) {
 			case map[string]interface{}, []interface{}, []map[string]interface{}:
-				logger.Debug("Found nested relation field: %s", key)
-				return true
+				// If we're already at a nested level (depth > 0) and found a relation,
+				// that means we have multi-level nesting, so return true
+				if depth > 0 {
+					return true
+				}
+				// At depth 0, recurse to check if the nested data has further nesting
+				switch typedValue := v.(type) {
+				case map[string]interface{}:
+					if shouldUseNestedProcessorDepth(typedValue, relInfo.RelatedModel, relationshipHelper, depth+1) {
+						return true
+					}
+				case []interface{}:
+					for _, item := range typedValue {
+						if itemMap, ok := item.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+							if shouldUseNestedProcessorDepth(itemMap, relInfo.RelatedModel, relationshipHelper, depth+1) {
+								return true
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				case []map[string]interface{}:
+					for _, itemMap := range typedValue {
+						if shouldUseNestedProcessorDepth(itemMap, relInfo.RelatedModel, relationshipHelper, depth+1) {
+							return true
+						}
+					}
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
--- a/pkg/common/types.go
+++ b/pkg/common/types.go
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ type PreloadOption struct {
 	Relation    string         `json:"relation"`
 	Columns     []string       `json:"columns"`
 	OmitColumns []string       `json:"omit_columns"`
+	Sort        []SortOption   `json:"sort"`
 	Filters     []FilterOption `json:"filters"`
+	Where       string         `json:"where"`
 	Limit       *int           `json:"limit"`
 	Offset      *int           `json:"offset"`
 	Updatable   *bool          `json:"updateable"` // if true, the relation can be updated
--- a/pkg/common/validation.go
+++ b/pkg/common/validation.go
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ func (v *ColumnValidator) ValidateRequestOptions(options RequestOptions) error {
 	}

 	// Validate Preload columns (if specified)
-	for _, preload := range options.Preload {
+	for idx := range options.Preload {
+		preload := options.Preload[idx]
 		// Note: We don't validate the relation name itself, as it's a relationship
 		// Only validate columns if specified for the preload
 		if err := v.ValidateColumns(preload.Columns); err != nil {
@@ -239,7 +240,8 @@ func (v *ColumnValidator) FilterRequestOptions(options RequestOptions) RequestOp

 	// Filter Preload columns
 	validPreloads := make([]PreloadOption, 0, len(options.Preload))
-	for _, preload := range options.Preload {
+	for idx := range options.Preload {
+		preload := options.Preload[idx]
 		filteredPreload := preload
 		filteredPreload.Columns = v.FilterValidColumns(preload.Columns)
 		filteredPreload.OmitColumns = v.FilterValidColumns(preload.OmitColumns)
@@ -270,3 +272,11 @@ func (v *ColumnValidator) GetValidColumns() []string {
 	}
 	return columns
 }
+
+func QuoteIdent(qualifier string) string {
+	return `"` + strings.ReplaceAll(qualifier, `"`, `""`) + `"`
+}
+
+func QuoteLiteral(value string) string {
+	return `'` + strings.ReplaceAll(value, `'`, `''`) + `'`
+}
--- a/pkg/modelregistry/model_registry.go
+++ b/pkg/modelregistry/model_registry.go
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ var defaultRegistry = &DefaultModelRegistry{
 	models: make(map[string]interface{}),
 }

+// Global list of registries (searched in order)
+var registries = []*DefaultModelRegistry{defaultRegistry}
+var registriesMutex sync.RWMutex
+
 // NewModelRegistry creates a new model registry
 func NewModelRegistry() *DefaultModelRegistry {
 	return &DefaultModelRegistry{
@@ -24,6 +28,34 @@ func NewModelRegistry() *DefaultModelRegistry {
 	}
 }

+func SetDefaultRegistry(registry *DefaultModelRegistry) {
+	registriesMutex.Lock()
+	foundAt := -1
+	for idx, r := range registries {
+		if r == defaultRegistry {
+			foundAt = idx
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	defaultRegistry = registry
+	if foundAt >= 0 {
+		registries[foundAt] = registry
+	} else {
+		registries = append([]*DefaultModelRegistry{registry}, registries...)
+	}
+
+	defer registriesMutex.Unlock()
+
+}
+
+// AddRegistry adds a registry to the global list of registries
+// Registries are searched in the order they were added
+func AddRegistry(registry *DefaultModelRegistry) {
+	registriesMutex.Lock()
+	defer registriesMutex.Unlock()
+	registries = append(registries, registry)
+}
+
 func (r *DefaultModelRegistry) RegisterModel(name string, model interface{}) error {
 	r.mutex.Lock()
 	defer r.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -107,9 +139,19 @@ func RegisterModel(model interface{}, name string) error {
 	return defaultRegistry.RegisterModel(name, model)
 }

-// GetModelByName retrieves a model from the default global registry by name
+// GetModelByName retrieves a model by searching through all registries in order
+// Returns the first match found
 func GetModelByName(name string) (interface{}, error) {
-	return defaultRegistry.GetModel(name)
+	registriesMutex.RLock()
+	defer registriesMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, registry := range registries {
+		if model, err := registry.GetModel(name); err == nil {
+			return model, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("model %s not found in any registry", name)
 }

 // IterateModels iterates over all models in the default global registry
@@ -122,14 +164,26 @@ func IterateModels(fn func(name string, model interface{})) {
 	}
 }

-// GetModels returns a list of all models in the default global registry
+// GetModels returns a list of all models from all registries
+// Models are collected in registry order, with duplicates included
 func GetModels() []interface{} {
-	defaultRegistry.mutex.RLock()
-	defer defaultRegistry.mutex.RUnlock()
+	registriesMutex.RLock()
+	defer registriesMutex.RUnlock()

-	models := make([]interface{}, 0, len(defaultRegistry.models))
-	for _, model := range defaultRegistry.models {
-		models = append(models, model)
+	var models []interface{}
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+
+	for _, registry := range registries {
+		registry.mutex.RLock()
+		for name, model := range registry.models {
+			// Only add the first occurrence of each model name
+			if !seen[name] {
+				models = append(models, model)
+				seen[name] = true
+			}
+		}
+		registry.mutex.RUnlock()
 	}
+
 	return models
 }
--- a/pkg/reflection/generic_model.go
+++ b/pkg/reflection/generic_model.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ type ModelFieldDetail struct {
 }

 // GetModelColumnDetail - Get a list of columns in the SQL declaration of the model
+// This function recursively processes embedded structs to include their fields
 func GetModelColumnDetail(record reflect.Value) []ModelFieldDetail {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
@@ -37,14 +38,43 @@ func GetModelColumnDetail(record reflect.Value) []ModelFieldDetail {
 	if record.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
 		return lst
 	}
+
+	collectFieldDetails(record, &lst)
+
+	return lst
+}
+
+// collectFieldDetails recursively collects field details from a struct value and its embedded fields
+func collectFieldDetails(record reflect.Value, lst *[]ModelFieldDetail) {
 	modeltype := record.Type()

 	for i := 0; i < modeltype.NumField(); i++ {
 		fieldtype := modeltype.Field(i)
+		fieldValue := record.Field(i)
+
+		// Check if this is an embedded struct
+		if fieldtype.Anonymous {
+			// Unwrap pointer type if necessary
+			embeddedValue := fieldValue
+			if fieldValue.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+				if fieldValue.IsNil() {
+					// Skip nil embedded pointers
+					continue
+				}
+				embeddedValue = fieldValue.Elem()
+			}
+
+			// Recursively process embedded struct
+			if embeddedValue.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				collectFieldDetails(embeddedValue, lst)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
 		gormdetail := fieldtype.Tag.Get("gorm")
 		gormdetail = strings.Trim(gormdetail, " ")
 		fielddetail := ModelFieldDetail{}
-		fielddetail.FieldValue = record.Field(i)
+		fielddetail.FieldValue = fieldValue
 		fielddetail.Name = fieldtype.Name
 		fielddetail.DataType = fieldtype.Type.Name()
 		fielddetail.SQLName = fnFindKeyVal(gormdetail, "column:")
@@ -80,10 +110,8 @@ func GetModelColumnDetail(record reflect.Value) []ModelFieldDetail {
 		}
 		// ";foreignkey:rid_parent;association_foreignkey:id_atevent;save_associations:false;association_autocreate:false;"

-		lst = append(lst, fielddetail)
-
+		*lst = append(*lst, fielddetail)
 	}
-	return lst
 }

 func fnFindKeyVal(src, key string) string {
--- a/pkg/common/reflection_utils.go
+++ b/pkg/common/reflection_utils.go
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-package common
+package reflection

 import "reflect"

 func Len(v any) int {
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(v)
+	valKind := val.Kind()
+
+	if valKind == reflect.Ptr {
+		val = val.Elem()
+	}
+
 	switch val.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array, reflect.Map, reflect.String, reflect.Chan:
 		return val.Len()
--- a/pkg/reflection/model_utils.go
+++ b/pkg/reflection/model_utils.go
@@ -4,15 +4,31 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"

-	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/modelregistry"
 )

+type PrimaryKeyNameProvider interface {
+	GetIDName() string
+}
+
 // GetPrimaryKeyName extracts the primary key column name from a model
 // It first checks if the model implements PrimaryKeyNameProvider (GetIDName method)
 // Falls back to reflection to find bun:",pk" tag, then gorm:"primaryKey" tag
 func GetPrimaryKeyName(model any) string {
+	if reflect.TypeOf(model) == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	// If we are given a string model name, look up the model
+	if reflect.TypeOf(model).Kind() == reflect.String {
+		name := model.(string)
+		m, err := modelregistry.GetModelByName(name)
+		if err == nil {
+			model = m
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Check if model implements PrimaryKeyNameProvider
-	if provider, ok := model.(common.PrimaryKeyNameProvider); ok {
+	if provider, ok := model.(PrimaryKeyNameProvider); ok {
 		return provider.GetIDName()
 	}

@@ -22,11 +38,111 @@ func GetPrimaryKeyName(model any) string {
 	}

 	// Fall back to GORM tag
-	return getPrimaryKeyFromReflection(model, "gorm")
+	if pkName := getPrimaryKeyFromReflection(model, "gorm"); pkName != "" {
+		return pkName
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+// GetPrimaryKeyValue extracts the primary key value from a model instance
+// Returns the value of the primary key field
+func GetPrimaryKeyValue(model any) any {
+	if model == nil || reflect.TypeOf(model) == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(model)
+	if val.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		val = val.Elem()
+	}
+
+	if val.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Try Bun tag first
+	if pkValue := findPrimaryKeyValue(val, "bun"); pkValue != nil {
+		return pkValue
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to GORM tag
+	if pkValue := findPrimaryKeyValue(val, "gorm"); pkValue != nil {
+		return pkValue
+	}
+
+	// Last resort: look for field named "ID" or "Id"
+	if pkValue := findFieldByName(val, "id"); pkValue != nil {
+		return pkValue
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// findPrimaryKeyValue recursively searches for a primary key field in the struct
+func findPrimaryKeyValue(val reflect.Value, ormType string) any {
+	typ := val.Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := typ.Field(i)
+		fieldValue := val.Field(i)
+
+		// Check if this is an embedded struct
+		if field.Anonymous && field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			// Recursively search in embedded struct
+			if pkValue := findPrimaryKeyValue(fieldValue, ormType); pkValue != nil {
+				return pkValue
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Check for primary key tag
+		switch ormType {
+		case "bun":
+			bunTag := field.Tag.Get("bun")
+			if strings.Contains(bunTag, "pk") && fieldValue.CanInterface() {
+				return fieldValue.Interface()
+			}
+		case "gorm":
+			gormTag := field.Tag.Get("gorm")
+			if strings.Contains(gormTag, "primaryKey") && fieldValue.CanInterface() {
+				return fieldValue.Interface()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// findFieldByName recursively searches for a field by name in the struct
+func findFieldByName(val reflect.Value, name string) any {
+	typ := val.Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := typ.Field(i)
+		fieldValue := val.Field(i)
+
+		// Check if this is an embedded struct
+		if field.Anonymous && field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			// Recursively search in embedded struct
+			if result := findFieldByName(fieldValue, name); result != nil {
+				return result
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Check if field name matches
+		if strings.ToLower(field.Name) == name && fieldValue.CanInterface() {
+			return fieldValue.Interface()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

 // GetModelColumns extracts all column names from a model using reflection
 // It checks bun tags first, then gorm tags, then json tags, and finally falls back to lowercase field names
+// This function recursively processes embedded structs to include their fields
 func GetModelColumns(model any) []string {
 	var columns []string

@@ -42,18 +158,38 @@ func GetModelColumns(model any) []string {
 		return columns
 	}

-	for i := 0; i < modelType.NumField(); i++ {
-		field := modelType.Field(i)
+	collectColumnsFromType(modelType, &columns)
+
+	return columns
+}
+
+// collectColumnsFromType recursively collects column names from a struct type and its embedded fields
+func collectColumnsFromType(typ reflect.Type, columns *[]string) {
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := typ.Field(i)
+
+		// Check if this is an embedded struct
+		if field.Anonymous {
+			// Unwrap pointer type if necessary
+			fieldType := field.Type
+			if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+				fieldType = fieldType.Elem()
+			}
+
+			// Recursively process embedded struct
+			if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				collectColumnsFromType(fieldType, columns)
+				continue
+			}
+		}

 		// Get column name using the same logic as primary key extraction
 		columnName := getColumnNameFromField(field)

 		if columnName != "" {
-			columns = append(columns, columnName)
+			*columns = append(*columns, columnName)
 		}
 	}
-
-	return columns
 }

 // getColumnNameFromField extracts the column name from a struct field
@@ -90,6 +226,7 @@ func getColumnNameFromField(field reflect.StructField) string {
 }

 // getPrimaryKeyFromReflection uses reflection to find the primary key field
+// This function recursively searches embedded structs
 func getPrimaryKeyFromReflection(model any, ormType string) string {
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(model)
 	if val.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
@@ -101,9 +238,31 @@ func getPrimaryKeyFromReflection(model any, ormType string) string {
 	}

 	typ := val.Type()
+	return findPrimaryKeyNameFromType(typ, ormType)
+}
+
+// findPrimaryKeyNameFromType recursively searches for the primary key field name in a struct type
+func findPrimaryKeyNameFromType(typ reflect.Type, ormType string) string {
 	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
 		field := typ.Field(i)

+		// Check if this is an embedded struct
+		if field.Anonymous {
+			// Unwrap pointer type if necessary
+			fieldType := field.Type
+			if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+				fieldType = fieldType.Elem()
+			}
+
+			// Recursively search in embedded struct
+			if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				if pkName := findPrimaryKeyNameFromType(fieldType, ormType); pkName != "" {
+					return pkName
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		switch ormType {
 		case "gorm":
 			// Check for gorm tag with primaryKey
@@ -155,8 +314,129 @@ func ExtractColumnFromGormTag(tag string) string {
 // Example: ",pk" -> "" (will fall back to json tag)
 func ExtractColumnFromBunTag(tag string) string {
 	parts := strings.Split(tag, ",")
+	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(tag), "table:") || strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(tag), "rel:") || strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(tag), "join:") {
+		return ""
+	}
 	if len(parts) > 0 && parts[0] != "" {
 		return parts[0]
 	}
 	return ""
 }
+
+// IsColumnWritable checks if a column can be written to in the database
+// For bun: returns false if the field has "scanonly" tag
+// For gorm: returns false if the field has "<-:false" or "->" (read-only) tag
+// This function recursively searches embedded structs
+func IsColumnWritable(model any, columnName string) bool {
+	modelType := reflect.TypeOf(model)
+
+	// Unwrap pointers to get to the base struct type
+	for modelType != nil && modelType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		modelType = modelType.Elem()
+	}
+
+	// Validate that we have a struct type
+	if modelType == nil || modelType.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	found, writable := isColumnWritableInType(modelType, columnName)
+	if found {
+		return writable
+	}
+
+	// Column not found in model, allow it (might be a dynamic column)
+	return true
+}
+
+// isColumnWritableInType recursively searches for a column and checks if it's writable
+// Returns (found, writable) where found indicates if the column was found
+func isColumnWritableInType(typ reflect.Type, columnName string) (bool, bool) {
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := typ.Field(i)
+
+		// Check if this is an embedded struct
+		if field.Anonymous {
+			// Unwrap pointer type if necessary
+			fieldType := field.Type
+			if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+				fieldType = fieldType.Elem()
+			}
+
+			// Recursively search in embedded struct
+			if fieldType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+				if found, writable := isColumnWritableInType(fieldType, columnName); found {
+					return true, writable
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Check if this field matches the column name
+		fieldColumnName := getColumnNameFromField(field)
+		if fieldColumnName != columnName {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Found the field, now check if it's writable
+		// Check bun tag for scanonly
+		bunTag := field.Tag.Get("bun")
+		if bunTag != "" {
+			if isBunFieldScanOnly(bunTag) {
+				return true, false
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Check gorm tag for write restrictions
+		gormTag := field.Tag.Get("gorm")
+		if gormTag != "" {
+			if isGormFieldReadOnly(gormTag) {
+				return true, false
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Column is writable
+		return true, true
+	}
+
+	// Column not found
+	return false, false
+}
+
+// isBunFieldScanOnly checks if a bun tag indicates the field is scan-only
+// Example: "column_name,scanonly" -> true
+func isBunFieldScanOnly(tag string) bool {
+	parts := strings.Split(tag, ",")
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(part) == "scanonly" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// isGormFieldReadOnly checks if a gorm tag indicates the field is read-only
+// Examples:
+//   - "<-:false" -> true (no writes allowed)
+//   - "->" -> true (read-only, common pattern)
+//   - "column:name;->" -> true
+//   - "<-:create" -> false (writes allowed on create)
+func isGormFieldReadOnly(tag string) bool {
+	parts := strings.Split(tag, ";")
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+
+		// Check for read-only marker
+		if part == "->" {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		// Check for write restrictions
+		if value, found := strings.CutPrefix(part, "<-:"); found {
+			if value == "false" {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
--- a/pkg/reflection/model_utils_test.go
+++ b/pkg/reflection/model_utils_test.go
@@ -231,3 +231,246 @@ func TestGetModelColumns(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// Test models with embedded structs
+
+type BaseModel struct {
+	ID        int    `bun:"rid_base,pk" json:"id"`
+	CreatedAt string `bun:"created_at" json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+type AdhocBuffer struct {
+	CQL1      string `json:"cql1,omitempty" gorm:"->" bun:",scanonly"`
+	CQL2      string `json:"cql2,omitempty" gorm:"->" bun:",scanonly"`
+	RowNumber int64  `json:"_rownumber,omitempty" gorm:"-" bun:",scanonly"`
+}
+
+type ModelWithEmbedded struct {
+	BaseModel
+	Name        string `bun:"name" json:"name"`
+	Description string `bun:"description" json:"description"`
+	AdhocBuffer
+}
+
+type GormBaseModel struct {
+	ID        int    `gorm:"column:rid_base;primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	CreatedAt string `gorm:"column:created_at" json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+type GormAdhocBuffer struct {
+	CQL1      string `json:"cql1,omitempty" gorm:"column:cql1;->" bun:",scanonly"`
+	CQL2      string `json:"cql2,omitempty" gorm:"column:cql2;->" bun:",scanonly"`
+	RowNumber int64  `json:"_rownumber,omitempty" gorm:"-" bun:",scanonly"`
+}
+
+type GormModelWithEmbedded struct {
+	GormBaseModel
+	Name        string `gorm:"column:name" json:"name"`
+	Description string `gorm:"column:description" json:"description"`
+	GormAdhocBuffer
+}
+
+func TestGetPrimaryKeyNameWithEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		model    any
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Bun model with embedded base",
+			model:    ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: "rid_base",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Bun model with embedded base (pointer)",
+			model:    &ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: "rid_base",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "GORM model with embedded base",
+			model:    GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: "rid_base",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "GORM model with embedded base (pointer)",
+			model:    &GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: "rid_base",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetPrimaryKeyName(tt.model)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetPrimaryKeyName() = %v, want %v", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetPrimaryKeyValueWithEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
+	bunModel := ModelWithEmbedded{
+		BaseModel: BaseModel{
+			ID:        123,
+			CreatedAt: "2024-01-01",
+		},
+		Name:        "Test",
+		Description: "Test Description",
+	}
+
+	gormModel := GormModelWithEmbedded{
+		GormBaseModel: GormBaseModel{
+			ID:        456,
+			CreatedAt: "2024-01-02",
+		},
+		Name:        "GORM Test",
+		Description: "GORM Test Description",
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		model    any
+		expected any
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Bun model with embedded base",
+			model:    bunModel,
+			expected: 123,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Bun model with embedded base (pointer)",
+			model:    &bunModel,
+			expected: 123,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "GORM model with embedded base",
+			model:    gormModel,
+			expected: 456,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "GORM model with embedded base (pointer)",
+			model:    &gormModel,
+			expected: 456,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetPrimaryKeyValue(tt.model)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetPrimaryKeyValue() = %v, want %v", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetModelColumnsWithEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		model    any
+		expected []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Bun model with embedded structs",
+			model:    ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: []string{"rid_base", "created_at", "name", "description", "cql1", "cql2", "_rownumber"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Bun model with embedded structs (pointer)",
+			model:    &ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: []string{"rid_base", "created_at", "name", "description", "cql1", "cql2", "_rownumber"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "GORM model with embedded structs",
+			model:    GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: []string{"rid_base", "created_at", "name", "description", "cql1", "cql2", "_rownumber"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "GORM model with embedded structs (pointer)",
+			model:    &GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			expected: []string{"rid_base", "created_at", "name", "description", "cql1", "cql2", "_rownumber"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetModelColumns(tt.model)
+			if len(result) != len(tt.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("GetModelColumns() returned %d columns, want %d. Got: %v", len(result), len(tt.expected), result)
+				return
+			}
+			for i, col := range result {
+				if col != tt.expected[i] {
+					t.Errorf("GetModelColumns()[%d] = %v, want %v", i, col, tt.expected[i])
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsColumnWritableWithEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		model      any
+		columnName string
+		expected   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "Bun model - writable column in main struct",
+			model:      ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "name",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Bun model - writable column in embedded base",
+			model:      ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "rid_base",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Bun model - scanonly column in embedded adhoc buffer",
+			model:      ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "cql1",
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Bun model - scanonly column _rownumber",
+			model:      ModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "_rownumber",
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "GORM model - writable column in main struct",
+			model:      GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "name",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "GORM model - writable column in embedded base",
+			model:      GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "rid_base",
+			expected:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "GORM model - readonly column in embedded adhoc buffer",
+			model:      GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "cql1",
+			expected:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "GORM model - readonly column _rownumber",
+			model:      GormModelWithEmbedded{},
+			columnName: "_rownumber",
+			expected:   false, // bun:",scanonly" marks it as read-only, takes precedence over gorm:"-"
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := IsColumnWritable(tt.model, tt.columnName)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("IsColumnWritable(%s) = %v, want %v", tt.columnName, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/resolvespec/handler.go
+++ b/pkg/resolvespec/handler.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
 )

 // Handler handles API requests using database and model abstractions
@@ -196,6 +197,13 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		query = query.Column(options.Columns...)
 	}

+	if len(options.ComputedColumns) > 0 {
+		for _, cu := range options.ComputedColumns {
+			logger.Debug("Applying computed column: %s", cu.Name)
+			query = query.ColumnExpr(fmt.Sprintf("(%s) AS %s", cu.Expression, cu.Name))
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Apply preloading
 	if len(options.Preload) > 0 {
 		query = h.applyPreloads(model, query, options.Preload)
@@ -242,7 +250,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		logger.Debug("Querying single record with ID: %s", id)
 		// For single record, create a new pointer to the struct type
 		singleResult := reflect.New(modelType).Interface()
-		query = query.Where("id = ?", id)
+
+		query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(singleResult))), id)
 		if err := query.Scan(ctx, singleResult); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Error querying record: %v", err)
 			h.sendError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "query_error", "Error executing query", err)
@@ -514,15 +523,15 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdate(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, url
 		// Apply conditions
 		if urlID != "" {
 			logger.Debug("Updating by URL ID: %s", urlID)
-			query = query.Where("id = ?", urlID)
+			query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), urlID)
 		} else if reqID != nil {
 			switch id := reqID.(type) {
 			case string:
 				logger.Debug("Updating by request ID: %s", id)
-				query = query.Where("id = ?", id)
+				query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), id)
 			case []string:
 				logger.Debug("Updating by multiple IDs: %v", id)
-				query = query.Where("id IN (?)", id)
+				query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s IN (?)", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), id)
 			}
 		}

@@ -586,7 +595,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdate(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, url
 		err := h.db.RunInTransaction(ctx, func(tx common.Database) error {
 			for _, item := range updates {
 				if itemID, ok := item["id"]; ok {
-					txQuery := tx.NewUpdate().Table(tableName).SetMap(item).Where("id = ?", itemID)
+
+					txQuery := tx.NewUpdate().Table(tableName).SetMap(item).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), itemID)
 					if _, err := txQuery.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@@ -652,7 +662,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdate(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, url
 			for _, item := range updates {
 				if itemMap, ok := item.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
 					if itemID, ok := itemMap["id"]; ok {
-						txQuery := tx.NewUpdate().Table(tableName).SetMap(itemMap).Where("id = ?", itemID)
+
+						txQuery := tx.NewUpdate().Table(tableName).SetMap(itemMap).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), itemID)
 						if _, err := txQuery.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
 							return err
 						}
@@ -688,6 +699,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 	schema := GetSchema(ctx)
 	entity := GetEntity(ctx)
 	tableName := GetTableName(ctx)
+	model := GetModel(ctx)

 	logger.Info("Deleting records from %s.%s", schema, entity)

@@ -699,7 +711,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 			logger.Info("Batch delete with %d IDs ([]string)", len(v))
 			err := h.db.RunInTransaction(ctx, func(tx common.Database) error {
 				for _, itemID := range v {
-					query := tx.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where("id = ?", itemID)
+
+					query := tx.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), itemID)
 					if _, err := query.Exec(ctx); err != nil {
 						return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete record %s: %w", itemID, err)
 					}
@@ -738,7 +751,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 						continue // Skip items without ID
 					}

-					query := tx.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where("id = ?", itemID)
+					query := tx.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), itemID)
 					result, err := query.Exec(ctx)
 					if err != nil {
 						return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete record %v: %w", itemID, err)
@@ -763,7 +776,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 			err := h.db.RunInTransaction(ctx, func(tx common.Database) error {
 				for _, item := range v {
 					if itemID, ok := item["id"]; ok && itemID != nil {
-						query := tx.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where("id = ?", itemID)
+						query := tx.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), itemID)
 						result, err := query.Exec(ctx)
 						if err != nil {
 							return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete record %v: %w", itemID, err)
@@ -797,7 +810,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 		return
 	}

-	query := h.db.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where("id = ?", id)
+	query := h.db.NewDelete().Table(tableName).Where(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", common.QuoteIdent(reflection.GetPrimaryKeyName(model))), id)

 	result, err := query.Exec(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1106,7 +1119,8 @@ func (h *Handler) applyPreloads(model interface{}, query common.SelectQuery, pre
 		return query
 	}

-	for _, preload := range preloads {
+	for idx := range preloads {
+		preload := preloads[idx]
 		logger.Debug("Processing preload for relation: %s", preload.Relation)
 		relInfo := h.getRelationshipInfo(modelType, preload.Relation)
 		if relInfo == nil {
@@ -1121,7 +1135,75 @@ func (h *Handler) applyPreloads(model interface{}, query common.SelectQuery, pre
 		// For now, we'll preload without conditions
 		// TODO: Implement column selection and filtering for preloads
 		// This requires a more sophisticated approach with callbacks or query builders
-		query = query.Preload(relationFieldName)
+		// Apply preloading
+
+		logger.Debug("Applying preload: %s", relationFieldName)
+		query = query.PreloadRelation(relationFieldName, func(sq common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+			if len(preload.OmitColumns) > 0 {
+				allCols := reflection.GetModelColumns(model)
+				// Remove omitted columns
+				preload.Columns = []string{}
+				for _, col := range allCols {
+					addCols := true
+					for _, omitCol := range preload.OmitColumns {
+						if col == omitCol {
+							addCols = false
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if addCols {
+						preload.Columns = append(preload.Columns, col)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(preload.Columns) > 0 {
+				// Ensure foreign key is included in column selection for GORM to establish the relationship
+				columns := make([]string, len(preload.Columns))
+				copy(columns, preload.Columns)
+
+				// Add foreign key if not already present
+				if relInfo.foreignKey != "" {
+					// Convert struct field name (e.g., DepartmentID) to snake_case (e.g., department_id)
+					foreignKeyColumn := toSnakeCase(relInfo.foreignKey)
+
+					hasForeignKey := false
+					for _, col := range columns {
+						if col == foreignKeyColumn || col == relInfo.foreignKey {
+							hasForeignKey = true
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if !hasForeignKey {
+						columns = append(columns, foreignKeyColumn)
+					}
+				}
+
+				sq = sq.Column(columns...)
+			}
+
+			if len(preload.Filters) > 0 {
+				for _, filter := range preload.Filters {
+					sq = h.applyFilter(sq, filter)
+				}
+			}
+			if len(preload.Sort) > 0 {
+				for _, sort := range preload.Sort {
+					sq = sq.Order(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, sort.Direction))
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(preload.Where) > 0 {
+				sq = sq.Where(preload.Where)
+			}
+
+			if preload.Limit != nil && *preload.Limit > 0 {
+				sq = sq.Limit(*preload.Limit)
+			}
+
+			return sq
+		})
+
 		logger.Debug("Applied Preload for relation: %s (field: %s)", preload.Relation, relationFieldName)
 	}

@@ -1179,3 +1261,28 @@ func (h *Handler) extractTagValue(tag, key string) string {
 	}
 	return ""
 }
+
+// toSnakeCase converts a PascalCase or camelCase string to snake_case
+func toSnakeCase(s string) string {
+	var result strings.Builder
+	runes := []rune(s)
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(runes); i++ {
+		r := runes[i]
+
+		if i > 0 && r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' {
+			// Check if previous character is lowercase or if next character is lowercase
+			prevIsLower := runes[i-1] >= 'a' && runes[i-1] <= 'z'
+			nextIsLower := i+1 < len(runes) && runes[i+1] >= 'a' && runes[i+1] <= 'z'
+
+			// Add underscore if this is the start of a new word
+			// (previous was lowercase OR this is followed by lowercase)
+			if prevIsLower || nextIsLower {
+				result.WriteByte('_')
+			}
+		}
+
+		result.WriteRune(r)
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(result.String())
+}
--- a/pkg/restheadspec/handler.go
+++ b/pkg/restheadspec/handler.go
--- a/pkg/restheadspec/handler_nested_test.go
+++ b/pkg/restheadspec/handler_nested_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+package restheadspec
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Test models for nested CRUD operations
+type TestUser struct {
+	ID    int64      `json:"id" bun:"id,pk,autoincrement"`
+	Name  string     `json:"name"`
+	Posts []TestPost `json:"posts" gorm:"foreignKey:UserID"`
+}
+
+type TestPost struct {
+	ID       int64         `json:"id" bun:"id,pk,autoincrement"`
+	UserID   int64         `json:"user_id"`
+	Title    string        `json:"title"`
+	Comments []TestComment `json:"comments" gorm:"foreignKey:PostID"`
+}
+
+type TestComment struct {
+	ID      int64  `json:"id" bun:"id,pk,autoincrement"`
+	PostID  int64  `json:"post_id"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+func (TestUser) TableName() string    { return "users" }
+func (TestPost) TableName() string    { return "posts" }
+func (TestComment) TableName() string { return "comments" }
+
+// Test extractNestedRelations function
+func TestExtractNestedRelations(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create handler
+	registry := &mockRegistry{
+		models: map[string]interface{}{
+			"users":    TestUser{},
+			"posts":    TestPost{},
+			"comments": TestComment{},
+		},
+	}
+	handler := NewHandler(nil, registry)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name               string
+		data               map[string]interface{}
+		model              interface{}
+		expectedCleanCount int
+		expectedRelCount   int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "User with posts",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"name": "John Doe",
+				"posts": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"title": "Post 1"},
+				},
+			},
+			model:              TestUser{},
+			expectedCleanCount: 1, // name
+			expectedRelCount:   1, // posts
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Post with comments",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"title": "Test Post",
+				"comments": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"content": "Comment 1"},
+					{"content": "Comment 2"},
+				},
+			},
+			model:              TestPost{},
+			expectedCleanCount: 1, // title
+			expectedRelCount:   1, // comments
+		},
+		{
+			name: "User with nested posts and comments",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"name": "Jane Doe",
+				"posts": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{
+						"title": "Post 1",
+						"comments": []map[string]interface{}{
+							{"content": "Comment 1"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			model:              TestUser{},
+			expectedCleanCount: 1, // name
+			expectedRelCount:   1, // posts (which contains nested comments)
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cleanedData, relations, err := handler.extractNestedRelations(tt.data, tt.model)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("extractNestedRelations() error = %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			if len(cleanedData) != tt.expectedCleanCount {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d cleaned fields, got %d: %+v", tt.expectedCleanCount, len(cleanedData), cleanedData)
+			}
+
+			if len(relations) != tt.expectedRelCount {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d relation fields, got %d: %+v", tt.expectedRelCount, len(relations), relations)
+			}
+
+			t.Logf("Cleaned data: %+v", cleanedData)
+			t.Logf("Relations: %+v", relations)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Test shouldUseNestedProcessor function
+func TestShouldUseNestedProcessor(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := &mockRegistry{
+		models: map[string]interface{}{
+			"users": TestUser{},
+			"posts": TestPost{},
+		},
+	}
+	handler := NewHandler(nil, registry)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		data     map[string]interface{}
+		model    interface{}
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Data with simple nested posts (no further nesting)",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"name": "John",
+				"posts": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"title": "Post 1"},
+				},
+			},
+			model:    TestUser{},
+			expected: false, // Simple one-level nesting doesn't require nested processor
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Data with deeply nested relations",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"name": "John",
+				"posts": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{
+						"title": "Post 1",
+						"comments": []map[string]interface{}{
+							{"content": "Comment 1"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			model:    TestUser{},
+			expected: true, // Multi-level nesting requires nested processor
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Data without nested relations",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"name": "John",
+			},
+			model:    TestUser{},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Data with _request field",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"_request": "insert",
+				"name":     "John",
+			},
+			model:    TestUser{},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Nested data with _request field",
+			data: map[string]interface{}{
+				"name": "John",
+				"posts": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{
+						"_request": "insert",
+						"title":    "Post 1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			model:    TestUser{},
+			expected: true, // _request at nested level requires nested processor
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := handler.shouldUseNestedProcessor(tt.data, tt.model)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("shouldUseNestedProcessor() = %v, expected %v", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Test normalizeToSlice function
+func TestNormalizeToSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := &mockRegistry{}
+	handler := NewHandler(nil, registry)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    interface{}
+		expected int // expected slice length
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Single object",
+			input:    map[string]interface{}{"name": "John"},
+			expected: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Slice of objects",
+			input: []map[string]interface{}{
+				{"name": "John"},
+				{"name": "Jane"},
+			},
+			expected: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Array of interfaces",
+			input: []interface{}{
+				map[string]interface{}{"name": "John"},
+				map[string]interface{}{"name": "Jane"},
+				map[string]interface{}{"name": "Bob"},
+			},
+			expected: 3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Nil input",
+			input:    nil,
+			expected: 0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := handler.normalizeToSlice(tt.input)
+			if len(result) != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("normalizeToSlice() returned slice of length %d, expected %d", len(result), tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Test GetRelationshipInfo function
+func TestGetRelationshipInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := &mockRegistry{}
+	handler := NewHandler(nil, registry)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		modelType    reflect.Type
+		relationName string
+		expectNil    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "User posts relation",
+			modelType:    reflect.TypeOf(TestUser{}),
+			relationName: "posts",
+			expectNil:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Post comments relation",
+			modelType:    reflect.TypeOf(TestPost{}),
+			relationName: "comments",
+			expectNil:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Non-existent relation",
+			modelType:    reflect.TypeOf(TestUser{}),
+			relationName: "nonexistent",
+			expectNil:    true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := handler.GetRelationshipInfo(tt.modelType, tt.relationName)
+			if tt.expectNil && result != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected nil, got %+v", result)
+			}
+			if !tt.expectNil && result == nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected non-nil relationship info")
+			}
+			if result != nil {
+				t.Logf("Relationship info: FieldName=%s, JSONName=%s, RelationType=%s, ForeignKey=%s",
+					result.FieldName, result.JSONName, result.RelationType, result.ForeignKey)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Mock registry for testing
+type mockRegistry struct {
+	models map[string]interface{}
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) Register(name string, model interface{}) {
+	m.RegisterModel(name, model)
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) RegisterModel(name string, model interface{}) error {
+	if m.models == nil {
+		m.models = make(map[string]interface{})
+	}
+	m.models[name] = model
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) GetModelByEntity(schema, entity string) (interface{}, error) {
+	if model, ok := m.models[entity]; ok {
+		return model, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("model not found: %s", entity)
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) GetModelByName(name string) (interface{}, error) {
+	if model, ok := m.models[name]; ok {
+		return model, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("model not found: %s", name)
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) GetModel(name string) (interface{}, error) {
+	return m.GetModelByName(name)
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) HasModel(schema, entity string) bool {
+	_, ok := m.models[entity]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) ListModels() []string {
+	models := make([]string, 0, len(m.models))
+	for name := range m.models {
+		models = append(models, name)
+	}
+	return models
+}
+
+func (m *mockRegistry) GetAllModels() map[string]interface{} {
+	return m.models
+}
+
+// TestMultiLevelRelationExtraction tests extracting deeply nested relations
+func TestMultiLevelRelationExtraction(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := &mockRegistry{
+		models: map[string]interface{}{
+			"users":    TestUser{},
+			"posts":    TestPost{},
+			"comments": TestComment{},
+		},
+	}
+	handler := NewHandler(nil, registry)
+
+	// Test data with 3 levels: User -> Posts -> Comments
+	testData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"name": "John Doe",
+		"posts": []map[string]interface{}{
+			{
+				"title": "First Post",
+				"comments": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"content": "Great post!"},
+					{"content": "Thanks for sharing!"},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				"title": "Second Post",
+				"comments": []map[string]interface{}{
+					{"content": "Interesting read"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Extract relations from user
+	cleanedData, relations, err := handler.extractNestedRelations(testData, TestUser{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to extract relations: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify user data is cleaned
+	if len(cleanedData) != 1 || cleanedData["name"] != "John Doe" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected cleaned data to contain only name, got: %+v", cleanedData)
+	}
+
+	// Verify posts relation was extracted
+	if len(relations) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 relation (posts), got %d", len(relations))
+	}
+
+	posts, ok := relations["posts"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("Expected posts relation to be extracted")
+	}
+
+	// Verify posts is a slice with 2 items
+	postsSlice, ok := posts.([]map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected posts to be []map[string]interface{}, got %T", posts)
+	}
+
+	if len(postsSlice) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 2 posts, got %d", len(postsSlice))
+	}
+
+	// Verify first post has comments
+	if _, hasComments := postsSlice[0]["comments"]; !hasComments {
+		t.Error("Expected first post to have comments")
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("Successfully extracted multi-level nested relations")
+	t.Logf("Cleaned data: %+v", cleanedData)
+	t.Logf("Relations: %d posts with nested comments", len(postsSlice))
+}
--- a/pkg/restheadspec/headers.go
+++ b/pkg/restheadspec/headers.go
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ type ExtendedRequestOptions struct {
 	// Response format
 	ResponseFormat string // "simple", "detail", "syncfusion"

+	// Single record normalization - convert single-element arrays to objects
+	SingleRecordAsObject bool
+
 	// Transaction
 	AtomicTransaction bool
 }
@@ -99,10 +102,11 @@ func (h *Handler) parseOptionsFromHeaders(r common.Request) ExtendedRequestOptio
 			Sort:    make([]common.SortOption, 0),
 			Preload: make([]common.PreloadOption, 0),
 		},
-		AdvancedSQL:    make(map[string]string),
-		ComputedQL:     make(map[string]string),
-		Expand:         make([]ExpandOption, 0),
-		ResponseFormat: "simple", // Default response format
+		AdvancedSQL:          make(map[string]string),
+		ComputedQL:           make(map[string]string),
+		Expand:               make([]ExpandOption, 0),
+		ResponseFormat:       "simple",           // Default response format
+		SingleRecordAsObject: true,               // Default: normalize single-element arrays to objects
 	}

 	// Get all headers
@@ -146,7 +150,12 @@ func (h *Handler) parseOptionsFromHeaders(r common.Request) ExtendedRequestOptio

 		// Joins & Relations
 		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedKey, "x-preload"):
-			h.parsePreload(&options, decodedValue)
+			if strings.HasSuffix(normalizedKey, "-where") {
+				continue
+			}
+			whereClaude := headers[fmt.Sprintf("%s-where", key)]
+			h.parsePreload(&options, decodedValue, decodeHeaderValue(whereClaude))
+
 		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedKey, "x-expand"):
 			h.parseExpand(&options, decodedValue)
 		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedKey, "x-custom-sql-join"):
@@ -194,6 +203,13 @@ func (h *Handler) parseOptionsFromHeaders(r common.Request) ExtendedRequestOptio
 			options.ResponseFormat = "detail"
 		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedKey, "x-syncfusion"):
 			options.ResponseFormat = "syncfusion"
+		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedKey, "x-single-record-as-object"):
+			// Parse as boolean - "false" disables, "true" enables (default is true)
+			if strings.EqualFold(decodedValue, "false") {
+				options.SingleRecordAsObject = false
+			} else if strings.EqualFold(decodedValue, "true") {
+				options.SingleRecordAsObject = true
+			}

 		// Transaction Control
 		case strings.HasPrefix(normalizedKey, "x-transaction-atomic"):
@@ -341,7 +357,15 @@ func (h *Handler) mapSearchOperator(colName, operator, value string) common.Filt

 // parsePreload parses x-preload header
 // Format: RelationName:field1,field2 or RelationName or multiple separated by |
-func (h *Handler) parsePreload(options *ExtendedRequestOptions, value string) {
+func (h *Handler) parsePreload(options *ExtendedRequestOptions, values ...string) {
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	value := values[0]
+	whereClause := ""
+	if len(values) > 1 {
+		whereClause = values[1]
+	}
 	if value == "" {
 		return
 	}
@@ -358,6 +382,7 @@ func (h *Handler) parsePreload(options *ExtendedRequestOptions, value string) {
 		parts := strings.SplitN(preloadStr, ":", 2)
 		preload := common.PreloadOption{
 			Relation: strings.TrimSpace(parts[0]),
+			Where:    whereClause,
 		}

 		if len(parts) == 2 {
--- a/pkg/restheadspec/restheadspec.go
+++ b/pkg/restheadspec/restheadspec.go
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func SetupMuxRoutes(muxRouter *mux.Router, handler *Handler) {
 		reqAdapter := router.NewHTTPRequest(r)
 		respAdapter := router.NewHTTPResponseWriter(w)
 		handler.Handle(respAdapter, reqAdapter, vars)
-	}).Methods("GET", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE")
+	}).Methods("GET", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "POST")

 	// GET for metadata (using HandleGet)
 	muxRouter.HandleFunc("/{schema}/{entity}/metadata", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -189,6 +189,18 @@ func SetupBunRouterRoutes(bunRouter *router.StandardBunRouterAdapter, handler *H
 		return nil
 	})

+	r.Handle("POST", "/:schema/:entity/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req bunrouter.Request) error {
+		params := map[string]string{
+			"schema": req.Param("schema"),
+			"entity": req.Param("entity"),
+			"id":     req.Param("id"),
+		}
+		reqAdapter := router.NewBunRouterRequest(req)
+		respAdapter := router.NewHTTPResponseWriter(w)
+		handler.Handle(respAdapter, reqAdapter, params)
+		return nil
+	})
+
 	r.Handle("PUT", "/:schema/:entity/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req bunrouter.Request) error {
 		params := map[string]string{
 			"schema": req.Param("schema"),
--- a/pkg/restheadspec/rownumber_test.go
+++ b/pkg/restheadspec/rownumber_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 type TestModel struct {
 	ID        int64  `json:"id" bun:"id,pk"`
 	Name      string `json:"name" bun:"name"`
-	RowNumber int64  `json:"_rownumber,omitempty" gorm:"-" bun:"-"`
+	RowNumber int64  `json:"_rownumber,omitempty" gorm:"-" bun:",scanonly"`
 }

 func TestSetRowNumbersOnRecords(t *testing.T) {
--- a/tests/crud_test.go
+++ b/tests/crud_test.go
@@ -402,25 +402,41 @@ func testRestHeadSpecCRUD(t *testing.T, serverURL string) {
 		resp := makeRestHeadSpecRequest(t, serverURL, fmt.Sprintf("/restheadspec/departments/%s", deptID), "GET", nil, nil)
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)

-		// RestHeadSpec may return data directly as array or wrapped in response object
+		// RestHeadSpec may return data directly as array/object or wrapped in response object
 		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to read response body")

-		// Try to decode as array first (simple format)
+		// Try to decode as array first (simple format - multiple records or disabled SingleRecordAsObject)
 		var dataArray []interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &dataArray); err == nil {
 			assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(dataArray), 1, "Should find department")
-			logger.Info("Department read successfully (simple format): %s", deptID)
+			logger.Info("Department read successfully (simple format - array): %s", deptID)
 			return
 		}

-		// Try to decode as standard response object (detail format)
-		var result map[string]interface{}
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err == nil {
-			if success, ok := result["success"]; ok && success != nil && success.(bool) {
-				if data, ok := result["data"].([]interface{}); ok {
+		// Try to decode as a single object first (simple format with SingleRecordAsObject enabled)
+		var singleObj map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &singleObj); err == nil {
+			// Check if it's a data object (not a response wrapper)
+			if _, hasSuccess := singleObj["success"]; !hasSuccess {
+				// This is a direct data object (simple format, single record)
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, singleObj, "Should find department")
+				logger.Info("Department read successfully (simple format - single object): %s", deptID)
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Otherwise it's a standard response object (detail format)
+			if success, ok := singleObj["success"]; ok && success != nil && success.(bool) {
+				// Check if data is an array
+				if data, ok := singleObj["data"].([]interface{}); ok {
 					assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(data), 1, "Should find department")
-					logger.Info("Department read successfully (detail format): %s", deptID)
+					logger.Info("Department read successfully (detail format - array): %s", deptID)
+					return
+				}
+				// Check if data is a single object (SingleRecordAsObject feature in detail format)
+				if data, ok := singleObj["data"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+					assert.NotEmpty(t, data, "Should find department")
+					logger.Info("Department read successfully (detail format - single object): %s", deptID)
 					return
 				}
 			}
@@ -446,25 +462,41 @@ func testRestHeadSpecCRUD(t *testing.T, serverURL string) {
 		resp := makeRestHeadSpecRequest(t, serverURL, "/restheadspec/employees", "GET", nil, headers)
 		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)

-		// RestHeadSpec may return data directly as array or wrapped in response object
+		// RestHeadSpec may return data directly as array/object or wrapped in response object
 		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to read response body")

-		// Try array format first
+		// Try array format first (multiple records or disabled SingleRecordAsObject)
 		var dataArray []interface{}
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &dataArray); err == nil {
 			assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(dataArray), 1, "Should find at least one employee")
-			logger.Info("Employees read with filter successfully (simple format), found: %d", len(dataArray))
+			logger.Info("Employees read with filter successfully (simple format - array), found: %d", len(dataArray))
 			return
 		}

-		// Try standard response format
-		var result map[string]interface{}
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err == nil {
-			if success, ok := result["success"]; ok && success != nil && success.(bool) {
-				if data, ok := result["data"].([]interface{}); ok {
+		// Try to decode as a single object (simple format with SingleRecordAsObject enabled)
+		var singleObj map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &singleObj); err == nil {
+			// Check if it's a data object (not a response wrapper)
+			if _, hasSuccess := singleObj["success"]; !hasSuccess {
+				// This is a direct data object (simple format, single record)
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, singleObj, "Should find at least one employee")
+				logger.Info("Employees read with filter successfully (simple format - single object), found: 1")
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Otherwise it's a standard response object (detail format)
+			if success, ok := singleObj["success"]; ok && success != nil && success.(bool) {
+				// Check if data is an array
+				if data, ok := singleObj["data"].([]interface{}); ok {
 					assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(data), 1, "Should find at least one employee")
-					logger.Info("Employees read with filter successfully (detail format), found: %d", len(data))
+					logger.Info("Employees read with filter successfully (detail format - array), found: %d", len(data))
+					return
+				}
+				// Check if data is a single object (SingleRecordAsObject feature in detail format)
+				if data, ok := singleObj["data"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+					assert.NotEmpty(t, data, "Should find at least one employee")
+					logger.Info("Employees read with filter successfully (detail format - single object), found: 1")
 					return
 				}
 			}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Hein	af3260864d	INSERT statements were failing with duplicate key errors because the SQL being generated	2025-11-20 10:31:25 +02:00
Hein	ca6d2deff6	Fixed insert statement bug	2025-11-20 10:11:26 +02:00
Hein	1481443516	Fixed double .Model and .Table	2025-11-20 10:02:36 +02:00
Hein	cb54ec5e27	Better responses for updates and inserts	2025-11-20 09:57:24 +02:00
Hein	7d6a9025f5	Fixed hardcoded id	2025-11-20 09:40:11 +02:00
Hein	35089f511f	correctly handle structs with embedded fields	2025-11-20 09:28:37 +02:00
Hein	66b6a0d835	Better registry handling Some checks are pending Tests / Run Tests (1.23.x) (push) Waiting to run Details Tests / Run Tests (1.24.x) (push) Waiting to run Details Tests / Lint Code (push) Waiting to run Details Tests / Build (push) Waiting to run Details	2025-11-19 18:29:24 +02:00
Hein	456c165814	Fixed models being icorrectly set and added SetDefaultRegistry	2025-11-19 18:22:56 +02:00
Hein	850d7b546c	Added modelregistry.AddRegistry	2025-11-19 18:18:18 +02:00
Hein	a44ef90d7c	Fixes on getRelationshipInfo, ShouldUseNestedProcessor	2025-11-19 18:03:25 +02:00
Hein	8b7db5b31a	reflection-based column validation for UpdateQuery	2025-11-19 17:41:15 +02:00
Hein	14daea3b05	Fixes for CUD operations	2025-11-19 15:08:04 +02:00
Hein	35f23b6d9e	Recursive crud fix	2025-11-19 14:32:20 +02:00
Hein	53a4e67f70	Specifically call update if a ID was given.	2025-11-19 14:24:39 +02:00
Hein	1289c3af88	Fixed handling post routes as well for the restheadspec Some checks are pending Tests / Run Tests (1.23.x) (push) Waiting to run Details Tests / Run Tests (1.24.x) (push) Waiting to run Details Tests / Lint Code (push) Waiting to run Details Tests / Build (push) Waiting to run Details	2025-11-19 14:04:56 +02:00
Hein	cdfb7a67fd	Added Single Record as Object feature	2025-11-19 13:58:52 +02:00
Hein	7f5b851669	Empty sort appended bug fix Some checks failed Tests / Build (push) Has been cancelled Details Tests / Run Tests (1.23.x) (push) Has been cancelled Details Tests / Run Tests (1.24.x) (push) Has been cancelled Details Tests / Lint Code (push) Has been cancelled Details	2025-11-11 17:16:59 +02:00
Hein	f0e26b1c0d	Fixed and refactored reflection.Len	2025-11-11 17:07:44 +02:00
Hein	1db1b924ef	Proper handling of x-preload-col-where	2025-11-11 16:53:02 +02:00
Hein	d9cf23b1dc	Fixed column expression bug	2025-11-11 16:39:06 +02:00
Hein	94f013c872	Preload fixes	2025-11-11 15:54:43 +02:00
Hein	c52fcff61d	Preload fixes	2025-11-11 15:34:24 +02:00
Hein	ce106fa940	Updated documentation	2025-11-11 14:57:01 +02:00
Hein	37b4b75175	Fixed preload and id fields with GetPrimaryKeyName	2025-11-11 14:32:41 +02:00
Hein	0cef0f75d3	Fixed computed columns	2025-11-11 12:28:53 +02:00
Hein	006dc4a2b2	Using scan model method for better relation handling. e.g bun When querying has-many or many-to-many relationships, you should use Model instead of the dest parameter in Scan	2025-11-11 11:58:41 +02:00