chore(common): satisfy linter on json_column.go (named results, De Morgan)

Support column references that traverse into JSON/JSONB values —
data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}', data->'a'->>'b', and the dotted data.a.b
shorthand — in SELECT column lists, WHERE filters and ORDER BY, across
the restheadspec, resolvespec, websocketspec and mqttspec handlers.

- pkg/common/json_column.go: canonical ParseColumnRef + ColumnRef.SQL()
  builder. JSON path segments are bound as a single ?::text[] parameter,
  never interpolated; cast targets are whitelisted via NormalizeCastTarget.
- pkg/common/json_condition.go: shared entry points mirroring
  BuildSpatialCondition - ResolveJSONColumnExpr (select/sort),
  BuildJSONFilterCondition (where, full operator set; infers ::numeric for
  ordered comparisons on numeric values when no explicit cast is given),
  and the ApplySelectColumns helper.
- pkg/reflection.IsJSONColumn / pkg/spectypes.IsJSONType: disambiguate the
  dotted shorthand (data.city is JSON only when the base is a JSON column).
- pkg/common/validation.go: ColumnValidator accepts JSON tokens.
- Handlers: thread model through the filter call chains and wire the
  select/sort paths.

funcspec (raw-SQL string builder, no param binding or model) and the
FetchRowNumber raw-SQL builders are left as follow-ups, as is OpenAPI
reporting of JSON sub-field columns.

README.md

@@ -135,6 +135,73 @@ For complete documentation including setup, headers, lifecycle hooks, cursor pag
 
 For detailed examples of reading data, cursor pagination, recursive CRUD operations, filtering, sorting, and more, see [pkg/resolvespec/README.md](pkg/resolvespec/README.md).
 
+## PostGIS & Vector (PostgreSQL only)
+
+First-class support for PostGIS geometry/geography and pgvector columns in `resolvespec` + `restheadspec`. No extra dependencies. On non-Postgres databases the spatial/vector operators simply don't match.
+
+### Column types (`pkg/spectypes`)
+
+| Go type            | SQL type     | Wire / JSON                                             |
+|--------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| `SqlGeometry`      | `geometry`   | JSON in/out = **GeoJSON**; also accepts EWKT / hex-EWKB |
+| `SqlGeography`     | `geography`  | same as `SqlGeometry`                                   |
+| `SqlVector`        | `vector`     | `[]float32` ⇄ `[1,2,3]`                                 |
+| `SqlHalfVector`    | `halfvec`    | `[]float32` ⇄ `[1,2,3]`                                 |
+| `SqlSparseVector`  | `sparsevec`  | `{"dim":8,"indices":[1,4],"values":[0.5,0.2]}`          |
+| `SqlBitVector`     | `bit`/`varbit` | bool array or `"1011"` string                        |
+
+- Geometry `Value()` emits `SRID=<n>;<WKT>` (PostGIS implicit text→geometry cast; no wrapper function needed).
+- Declare dimensioned types with a tag: `gorm:"type:vector(1536)"` — the tag wins over the canonical name in metadata/OpenAPI.
+- Metadata endpoint and OpenAPI schema report `geometry`/`vector`/`halfvec`/`sparsevec`/`bit`.
+
+### Spatial filter operators
+
+`value` is a geometry (GeoJSON object, EWKT string, or hex-EWKB) unless noted.
+
+| Operator | Value shape |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `st_intersects`, `st_contains`, `st_within`, `st_covers`, `st_coveredby`, `st_overlaps`, `st_touches`, `st_crosses`, `st_equals`, `st_disjoint` | geometry |
+| `st_dwithin` | `{"geom": <geometry>, "distance": <meters>}` |
+| `bbox` (alias `&&`) | geometry, or `{"bbox":[minx,miny,maxx,maxy],"srid":4326}` |
+
+### Vector similarity filter operators
+
+| Operator | pgvector op | Value shape |
+|----------|-------------|-------------|
+| `l2_within` / `euclidean_within` | `<->` | `{"vector":[...], "distance": <n>}` |
+| `cosine_within` | `<=>` | same (also `"lt"`/`"lte"`/`"gt"`/`"gte"` instead of `"distance"`) |
+| `ip_within` / `inner_within` | `<#>` | same |
+
+### KNN search (ordering + distance column)
+
+**resolvespec** — `options.vector_search`:
+
+```json
+{ "options": { "vector_search": {
+  "column": "embedding",
+  "vector": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3],
+  "metric": "cosine",
+  "as": "_distance",
+  "direction": "asc"
+}}}
+```
+
+Orders rows by distance; when `as` is set, returns the distance as an extra column (all model columns are auto-selected).
+`metric`: `l2` (default) | `cosine` | `ip`.
+
+**restheadspec** — headers:
+
+```HTTP
+X-Vector-Search-embedding: cosine
+X-Vector-Search-Vector: [0.1,0.2,0.3]
+X-Vector-Search-As: _distance
+X-Vector-Search-Dir: asc
+```
+
+Spatial/vector filters via headers: `X-SpatialFilter-<col>` / `X-VectorFilter-<col>` with a JSON operator object, e.g.
+`X-SpatialFilter-geom: {"op":"st_dwithin","geom":"SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)","distance":1000}`
+(optional `"logic":"or"`).
+
 ## Installation
 
 ```Shell

pkg/common/json_column.go

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// This file implements a single canonical parser + SQL builder for column
+// references that traverse into JSON / JSONB values. It is used by SELECT,
+// WHERE (filter) and ORDER BY handling so that all three treat JSON access
+// consistently and safely.
+//
+// Supported input syntaxes (all PostgreSQL-oriented):
+//
+//	data->>'city'                 arrow chain, text extraction
+//	data->'addr'->>'city'         nested arrow chain
+//	data->2->>'name'              arrow chain with array index
+//	data#>>'{addr,city}'          hash-path, text extraction
+//	data#>'{addr,city}'           hash-path, jsonb result
+//	data.addr.city                dotted shorthand (Ambiguous: caller must
+//	                              confirm "data" is a JSON column)
+//	data->>'age'::int             trailing cast (whitelisted targets only)
+//	(data->>'city') AS city       parenthesised, with output alias
+//
+// JSON path segments are never interpolated into SQL: SQL() emits a `#>>` /
+// `#>` operator with the path bound as a single `text[]` parameter.
+
+// ColumnRef is a parsed reference to a (possibly JSON-traversing) column.
+type ColumnRef struct {
+	// Base is the bare base column name, e.g. "data". Always a simple
+	// identifier ([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*); qualified names are rejected.
+	Base string
+	// Path is the JSON key / array-index path, e.g. ["address", "city"].
+	// Empty for a plain column reference.
+	Path []string
+	// AsText is true when the final extraction should yield text (->> / #>>)
+	// rather than jsonb (-> / #>).
+	AsText bool
+	// Cast is a normalised SQL type name to cast the whole expression to
+	// (e.g. "integer", "numeric", "timestamptz"), or "" for no cast.
+	Cast string
+	// Alias is a validated output identifier for `AS <alias>`, or "".
+	Alias string
+	// Ambiguous is true when Path was produced from the dotted "a.b.c"
+	// shorthand. The caller MUST verify that Base is a JSON column
+	// (reflection.IsJSONColumn) before treating this as a JSON expression,
+	// otherwise "a.b" is an ordinary table-qualified column.
+	Ambiguous bool
+}
+
+var (
+	reSimpleIdent   = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$`)
+	reSimpleSegment = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$`)
+	reAliasSuffix   = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\s+AS\s+("?[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*"?)\s*$`)
+	reArrowStep     = regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*(->>|->)\s*(?:'((?:[^']|'')*)'|(\d+))\s*`)
+)
+
+const (
+	maxJSONPathDepth   = 32
+	maxJSONSegmentSize = 128
+)
+
+// castAliases maps accepted cast spellings to their canonical PostgreSQL type.
+var castAliases = map[string]string{
+	"int":              "integer",
+	"int4":             "integer",
+	"integer":          "integer",
+	"int2":             "smallint",
+	"smallint":         "smallint",
+	"int8":             "bigint",
+	"bigint":           "bigint",
+	"numeric":          "numeric",
+	"decimal":          "numeric",
+	"real":             "real",
+	"float4":           "real",
+	"float":            "double precision",
+	"float8":           "double precision",
+	"double precision": "double precision",
+	"bool":             "boolean",
+	"boolean":          "boolean",
+	"text":             "text",
+	"varchar":          "text",
+	"uuid":             "uuid",
+	"date":             "date",
+	"time":             "time",
+	"timestamp":        "timestamp",
+	"timestamptz":      "timestamptz",
+	"json":             "json",
+	"jsonb":            "jsonb",
+}
+
+// NormalizeCastTarget returns the canonical PostgreSQL type name for a
+// user-supplied cast spelling, and whether it is on the allowlist.
+func NormalizeCastTarget(s string) (string, bool) {
+	c, ok := castAliases[strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s))]
+	return c, ok
+}
+
+// ParseColumnRef parses a column token that traverses into a JSON value.
+//
+// ok is true only when the token carries JSON traversal syntax (arrow chain,
+// hash-path, or dotted shorthand with at least one sub-key). For a plain
+// column name — with or without an alias/cast — ok is false and the caller
+// should handle the token the way it did before.
+//
+// When ok is true and ref.Ambiguous is true, the caller must confirm that
+// ref.Base is a JSON column before using ref.SQL; otherwise the dotted token
+// is an ordinary "table.column" reference.
+func ParseColumnRef(raw string) (ColumnRef, bool) {
+	expr := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if expr == "" {
+		return ColumnRef{}, false
+	}
+
+	var ref ColumnRef
+
+	// 1. Trailing `AS <alias>`.
+	if m := reAliasSuffix.FindStringSubmatch(expr); m != nil {
+		ref.Alias = strings.Trim(m[1], `"`)
+		expr = strings.TrimSpace(expr[:len(expr)-len(m[0])])
+		if expr == "" {
+			return ColumnRef{}, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. Trailing `::<type>` cast (take the last `::` in the string).
+	if idx := strings.LastIndex(expr, "::"); idx != -1 {
+		candidate := strings.TrimSpace(expr[idx+2:])
+		if canonical, allowed := NormalizeCastTarget(candidate); allowed {
+			ref.Cast = canonical
+			expr = strings.TrimSpace(expr[:idx])
+		} else if candidate != "" && looksLikeCastTail(candidate) {
+			// An explicit but unsupported cast target — reject rather than
+			// silently dropping it.
+			return ColumnRef{}, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 3. One layer of wrapping parentheses: "(expr)" -> "expr".
+	if wrapped, ok := stripWrappingParens(expr); ok {
+		expr = strings.TrimSpace(wrapped)
+		if expr == "" {
+			return ColumnRef{}, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 4. Parse the core expression.
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(expr, "#>>") || strings.Contains(expr, "#>"):
+		if !parseHashPath(expr, &ref) {
+			return ColumnRef{}, false
+		}
+	case strings.Contains(expr, "->"):
+		if !parseArrowChain(expr, &ref) {
+			return ColumnRef{}, false
+		}
+	case strings.Contains(expr, "."):
+		if !parseDottedPath(expr, &ref) {
+			return ColumnRef{}, false
+		}
+	default:
+		// Plain column — nothing JSON about it.
+		return ColumnRef{}, false
+	}
+
+	if !validateRef(&ref) {
+		return ColumnRef{}, false
+	}
+	return ref, true
+}
+
+// SQL renders the reference as a parameterised SQL expression plus its args.
+// tableAlias, when non-empty, qualifies the base column (each dot-separated
+// part is quoted independently, so "public.users" -> `"public"."users"`).
+func (r ColumnRef) SQL(tableAlias string) (expr string, args []interface{}) {
+	base := quoteQualifiedIdent(r.Base)
+	if tableAlias != "" {
+		base = quoteQualifiedIdent(tableAlias) + "." + QuoteIdent(r.Base)
+	}
+
+	if len(r.Path) == 0 {
+		if r.Cast != "" {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("(%s)::%s", base, r.Cast), nil
+		}
+		return base, nil
+	}
+
+	op := "#>"
+	if r.AsText {
+		op = "#>>"
+	}
+	expr = fmt.Sprintf("(%s %s ?::text[])", base, op)
+	args = []interface{}{pgTextArrayLiteral(r.Path)}
+
+	if r.Cast != "" {
+		expr = fmt.Sprintf("(%s)::%s", expr, r.Cast)
+	}
+	return expr, args
+}
+
+// OutputAlias returns the alias to use for this reference in a SELECT list:
+// the explicit alias when given, otherwise a deterministic name derived from
+// the base column and path (e.g. "data_address_city").
+func (r ColumnRef) OutputAlias() string {
+	if r.Alias != "" {
+		return r.Alias
+	}
+	if len(r.Path) == 0 {
+		return r.Base
+	}
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(r.Path)+1)
+	parts = append(parts, r.Base)
+	for _, p := range r.Path {
+		parts = append(parts, sanitizeAliasPart(p))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "_")
+}
+
+// ── parsing helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func parseHashPath(expr string, ref *ColumnRef) bool {
+	op := "#>>"
+	ref.AsText = true
+	if !strings.Contains(expr, "#>>") {
+		op = "#>"
+		ref.AsText = false
+	}
+	parts := strings.SplitN(expr, op, 2)
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+	ref.Base = strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+
+	rhs := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+	// Expect a single-quoted array literal: '{a,b,c}'
+	if len(rhs) < 2 || rhs[0] != '\'' || rhs[len(rhs)-1] != '\'' {
+		return false
+	}
+	rhs = rhs[1 : len(rhs)-1]
+	rhs = strings.TrimSpace(rhs)
+	rhs = strings.TrimPrefix(rhs, "{")
+	rhs = strings.TrimSuffix(rhs, "}")
+	if strings.TrimSpace(rhs) == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, seg := range strings.Split(rhs, ",") {
+		seg = strings.TrimSpace(seg)
+		seg = strings.Trim(seg, `"`)
+		if seg == "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		ref.Path = append(ref.Path, seg)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func parseArrowChain(expr string, ref *ColumnRef) bool {
+	arrowIdx := strings.Index(expr, "->")
+	if arrowIdx <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	ref.Base = strings.TrimSpace(expr[:arrowIdx])
+
+	rest := expr[arrowIdx:]
+	for strings.TrimSpace(rest) != "" {
+		m := reArrowStep.FindStringSubmatch(rest)
+		if m == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		ref.AsText = m[1] == "->>"
+		if m[3] != "" {
+			// unquoted array index
+			ref.Path = append(ref.Path, m[3])
+		} else {
+			// quoted key; unescape doubled single quotes
+			ref.Path = append(ref.Path, strings.ReplaceAll(m[2], "''", "'"))
+		}
+		rest = rest[len(m[0]):]
+	}
+	return len(ref.Path) > 0
+}
+
+func parseDottedPath(expr string, ref *ColumnRef) bool {
+	segs := strings.Split(expr, ".")
+	if len(segs) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, s := range segs {
+		s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+		if !reSimpleSegment.MatchString(s) {
+			return false
+		}
+		if i == 0 {
+			ref.Base = s
+		} else {
+			ref.Path = append(ref.Path, s)
+		}
+	}
+	ref.AsText = true
+	ref.Ambiguous = true
+	return true
+}
+
+func validateRef(ref *ColumnRef) bool {
+	if !reSimpleIdent.MatchString(ref.Base) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(ref.Path) == 0 || len(ref.Path) > maxJSONPathDepth {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, seg := range ref.Path {
+		if seg == "" || len(seg) > maxJSONSegmentSize || strings.ContainsRune(seg, 0) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if ref.Alias != "" && !reSimpleIdent.MatchString(ref.Alias) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// looksLikeCastTail reports whether s is plausibly meant as a `::type` target
+// (letters/digits/spaces only) rather than, say, part of a JSON operator.
+func looksLikeCastTail(s string) bool {
+	for _, r := range s {
+		isCastChar := r == ' ' || r == '_' ||
+			(r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') || (r >= '0' && r <= '9')
+		if !isCastChar {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// stripWrappingParens removes one layer of parentheses when they wrap the whole
+// expression, e.g. "(a->>'b')" -> "a->>'b'". It respects single-quoted strings.
+func stripWrappingParens(s string) (string, bool) {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if len(s) < 2 || s[0] != '(' || s[len(s)-1] != ')' {
+		return s, false
+	}
+	depth := 0
+	inQuote := false
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		c := s[i]
+		switch {
+		case c == '\'':
+			inQuote = !inQuote
+		case inQuote:
+			// skip
+		case c == '(':
+			depth++
+		case c == ')':
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 && i != len(s)-1 {
+				// closing paren is not the last char -> not a full wrap
+				return s, false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if depth != 0 {
+		return s, false
+	}
+	return s[1 : len(s)-1], true
+}
+
+// pgTextArrayLiteral builds a PostgreSQL text[] array literal ("{a,b,c}") from
+// path segments, quoting and escaping any segment that is not a bare word.
+func pgTextArrayLiteral(segs []string) string {
+	escaper := strings.NewReplacer(`\`, `\\`, `"`, `\"`)
+	parts := make([]string, len(segs))
+	for i, s := range segs {
+		if reSimpleSegment.MatchString(s) {
+			parts[i] = s
+		} else {
+			parts[i] = `"` + escaper.Replace(s) + `"`
+		}
+	}
+	return "{" + strings.Join(parts, ",") + "}"
+}
+
+// quoteQualifiedIdent quotes each dot-separated part of an identifier.
+func quoteQualifiedIdent(ident string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(ident, ".")
+	for i, p := range parts {
+		parts[i] = QuoteIdent(p)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ".")
+}
+
+func sanitizeAliasPart(s string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') || (r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '_' {
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		} else {
+			b.WriteRune('_')
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}

pkg/common/json_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseColumnRef_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		base      string
+		path      []string
+		asText    bool
+		cast      string
+		alias     string
+		ambiguous bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "arrow text extraction",
+			input: "data->>'city'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"city"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "arrow whitespace tolerant",
+			input: "data ->> 'city'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"city"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "nested arrow chain",
+			input: "data->'address'->>'city'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"address", "city"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "arrow jsonb result",
+			input: "data->'address'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"address"}, asText: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "arrow array index",
+			input: "items->0->>'name'",
+			base:  "items", path: []string{"0", "name"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "hash path text",
+			input: "data#>>'{address,city}'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"address", "city"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "hash path jsonb",
+			input: "data#>'{address,city}'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"address", "city"}, asText: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "dotted shorthand",
+			input: "data.address.city",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"address", "city"}, asText: true, ambiguous: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "trailing cast",
+			input: "data->>'age'::int",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"age"}, asText: true, cast: "integer",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "cast normalises",
+			input: "data->>'ts'::timestamptz",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"ts"}, asText: true, cast: "timestamptz",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "parenthesised with alias",
+			input: "(data->>'city') AS city_name",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"city"}, asText: true, alias: "city_name",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "paren wrap and cast",
+			input: "(data->>'age')::numeric",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"age"}, asText: true, cast: "numeric",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "quoted key with spaces",
+			input: "data->>'key with space'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"key with space"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "quoted key with escaped quote",
+			input: "data->>'o''brien'",
+			base:  "data", path: []string{"o'brien"}, asText: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "relation column is ambiguous json",
+			input: "orders.total",
+			base:  "orders", path: []string{"total"}, asText: true, ambiguous: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ref, ok := ParseColumnRef(tc.input)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("ParseColumnRef(%q) returned ok=false", tc.input)
+			}
+			if ref.Base != tc.base {
+				t.Errorf("Base = %q, want %q", ref.Base, tc.base)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(ref.Path, tc.path) {
+				t.Errorf("Path = %#v, want %#v", ref.Path, tc.path)
+			}
+			if ref.AsText != tc.asText {
+				t.Errorf("AsText = %v, want %v", ref.AsText, tc.asText)
+			}
+			if ref.Cast != tc.cast {
+				t.Errorf("Cast = %q, want %q", ref.Cast, tc.cast)
+			}
+			if ref.Alias != tc.alias {
+				t.Errorf("Alias = %q, want %q", ref.Alias, tc.alias)
+			}
+			if ref.Ambiguous != tc.ambiguous {
+				t.Errorf("Ambiguous = %v, want %v", ref.Ambiguous, tc.ambiguous)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseColumnRef_NotJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	// These must return ok=false so callers fall back to their normal handling.
+	inputs := []string{
+		"",
+		"   ",
+		"name",
+		"data",
+		"created_at",
+		"(id)",
+	}
+	for _, in := range inputs {
+		if ref, ok := ParseColumnRef(in); ok {
+			t.Errorf("ParseColumnRef(%q) = %+v, ok=true; want ok=false", in, ref)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseColumnRef_Rejected(t *testing.T) {
+	// Malformed or unsafe tokens must be rejected outright.
+	inputs := []string{
+		"data->>'x'::bogus",                     // cast not on allowlist
+		"data->>'x' AS 1bad",                    // invalid alias
+		"(data->>'a') OR (x->>'b')",             // not a single wrapped expr
+		"data->>'x'); DROP TABLE users; --",     // injection attempt
+		"data->b",                               // unquoted non-numeric key
+		"data->>''",                             // empty key
+		"data#>>'{}'",                           // empty hash path
+		"data#>>address",                        // hash path not a quoted literal
+		"weird col->>'x'",                       // base not an identifier
+		"data.address.city.but.way.too...deep.", // trailing dot -> empty segment
+	}
+	for _, in := range inputs {
+		if ref, ok := ParseColumnRef(in); ok {
+			t.Errorf("ParseColumnRef(%q) = %+v, ok=true; want rejected", in, ref)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestColumnRef_SQL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		ref      ColumnRef
+		alias    string
+		wantExpr string
+		wantArgs []interface{}
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "text extraction qualified",
+			ref:      ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"address", "city"}, AsText: true},
+			alias:    "u",
+			wantExpr: `("u"."data" #>> ?::text[])`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{address,city}"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "jsonb extraction unqualified",
+			ref:      ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"a"}, AsText: false},
+			alias:    "",
+			wantExpr: `("data" #> ?::text[])`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{a}"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "with cast",
+			ref:      ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"age"}, AsText: true, Cast: "integer"},
+			alias:    "t",
+			wantExpr: `(("t"."data" #>> ?::text[]))::integer`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{age}"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "schema qualified alias",
+			ref:      ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"k"}, AsText: true},
+			alias:    "public.users",
+			wantExpr: `("public"."users"."data" #>> ?::text[])`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{k}"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "key needing quoting",
+			ref:      ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"key with space", `ev"il`}, AsText: true},
+			alias:    "",
+			wantExpr: `("data" #>> ?::text[])`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{`{"key with space","ev\"il"}`},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			expr, args := tc.ref.SQL(tc.alias)
+			if expr != tc.wantExpr {
+				t.Errorf("expr = %q, want %q", expr, tc.wantExpr)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(args, tc.wantArgs) {
+				t.Errorf("args = %#v, want %#v", args, tc.wantArgs)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestColumnRef_SQL_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	ref, ok := ParseColumnRef("profile->'contact'->>'email'")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("parse failed")
+	}
+	expr, args := ref.SQL("customers")
+	wantExpr := `("customers"."profile" #>> ?::text[])`
+	if expr != wantExpr {
+		t.Errorf("expr = %q, want %q", expr, wantExpr)
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 || args[0] != "{contact,email}" {
+		t.Errorf("args = %#v, want [{contact,email}]", args)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestColumnRef_OutputAlias(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		ref  ColumnRef
+		want string
+	}{
+		{ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"address", "city"}, AsText: true}, "data_address_city"},
+		{ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"city"}, Alias: "city"}, "city"},
+		{ColumnRef{Base: "data", Path: []string{"weird key"}}, "data_weird_key"},
+		{ColumnRef{Base: "data"}, "data"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := c.ref.OutputAlias(); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("OutputAlias(%+v) = %q, want %q", c.ref, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeCastTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := map[string]string{
+		"int":         "integer",
+		"INT":         "integer",
+		" bigint ":    "bigint",
+		"decimal":     "numeric",
+		"float8":      "double precision",
+		"bool":        "boolean",
+		"timestamptz": "timestamptz",
+		"uuid":        "uuid",
+	}
+	for in, want := range ok {
+		got, allowed := NormalizeCastTarget(in)
+		if !allowed || got != want {
+			t.Errorf("NormalizeCastTarget(%q) = %q, %v; want %q, true", in, got, allowed, want)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, in := range []string{"", "regclass", "int; drop", "text[]"} {
+		if got, allowed := NormalizeCastTarget(in); allowed {
+			t.Errorf("NormalizeCastTarget(%q) = %q, true; want not allowed", in, got)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/common/json_condition.go

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
+)
+
+// This file wires the canonical JSON column parser (json_column.go) into the
+// three query-building paths that every spec handler shares: SELECT column
+// lists, WHERE filters and ORDER BY. The helpers here are the single place
+// those paths call so that JSON access is resolved (and made injection-safe)
+// identically everywhere. They mirror the style of BuildSpatialCondition /
+// BuildVectorCondition: a boolean ok result tells the caller whether the token
+// was a JSON reference it should take over, otherwise the caller keeps its
+// existing (non-JSON) behaviour.
+
+// jsonComparisonOps are the operators for which a JSON text extraction should be
+// cast to a concrete type when the value looks numeric — otherwise "10" < "9".
+var jsonComparisonOps = map[string]bool{
+	"gt": true, "greater_than": true, ">": true,
+	"gte": true, "greater_than_equals": true, "ge": true, ">=": true,
+	"lt": true, "less_than": true, "<": true,
+	"lte": true, "less_than_equals": true, "le": true, "<=": true,
+	"between": true, "between_inclusive": true,
+}
+
+// ResolveJSONColumnRef parses token and, when it is a usable JSON reference for
+// model, returns the parsed ColumnRef. For the dotted "a.b" shorthand (which is
+// otherwise indistinguishable from a table-qualified column) ok is true only
+// when model confirms the base is a JSON column.
+func ResolveJSONColumnRef(model interface{}, token string) (ColumnRef, bool) {
+	ref, ok := ParseColumnRef(token)
+	if !ok {
+		return ColumnRef{}, false
+	}
+	if ref.Ambiguous && !reflection.IsJSONColumn(model, ref.Base) {
+		return ColumnRef{}, false
+	}
+	return ref, true
+}
+
+// IsJSONColumnToken reports whether token is a JSON reference this package can
+// resolve for model (arrow/hash syntax always; dotted shorthand only when the
+// base is a JSON column).
+func IsJSONColumnToken(model interface{}, token string) bool {
+	_, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(model, token)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ResolveJSONColumnExpr resolves a raw column token that traverses into a JSON
+// value into a parameterised SQL expression plus its args and a deterministic
+// output alias. ok is false when the token is not a JSON reference, in which
+// case the caller should handle it the way it did before.
+//
+// tableAlias, when non-empty, qualifies the base column.
+func ResolveJSONColumnExpr(model interface{}, tableAlias, token string) (expr string, args []interface{}, alias string, ok bool) {
+	ref, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(model, token)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", nil, "", false
+	}
+	expr, args = ref.SQL(tableAlias)
+	return expr, args, ref.OutputAlias(), true
+}
+
+// ApplySelectColumns adds the requested columns to query, resolving any that are
+// JSON sub-field references (data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}', or the dotted data.x
+// shorthand for a JSON column) into safe parameterised expressions with a
+// deterministic alias. Plain columns are passed through reflection.ExtractSourceColumn
+// exactly as before. tableAlias, when non-empty, qualifies JSON base columns.
+func ApplySelectColumns(query SelectQuery, model interface{}, tableAlias string, columns []string) SelectQuery {
+	for _, col := range columns {
+		if expr, args, alias, ok := ResolveJSONColumnExpr(model, tableAlias, col); ok {
+			query = query.ColumnExpr(expr+" AS "+QuoteIdent(alias), args...)
+			continue
+		}
+		query = query.Column(reflection.ExtractSourceColumn(col))
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// BuildJSONFilterCondition builds a complete WHERE condition for a JSON column
+// token. ok is false when the token is not a JSON reference or the operator is
+// not one this builder handles (the caller then keeps its existing behaviour).
+//
+// The JSON path is always bound as a parameter, never interpolated. When the
+// reference carries no explicit ::cast and the operator is an ordered
+// comparison against a numeric value, the extracted text is cast to numeric so
+// the comparison is numeric rather than lexical.
+func BuildJSONFilterCondition(model interface{}, tableAlias, token, operator string, value interface{}) (condition string, args []interface{}, ok bool) {
+	ref, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(model, token)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+
+	op := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(operator))
+
+	// Infer a cast for ordered comparisons on numeric values so "10" > "9".
+	if ref.Cast == "" && jsonComparisonOps[op] && jsonValueIsNumeric(value) {
+		ref.Cast = "numeric"
+	}
+
+	colExpr, colArgs := ref.SQL(tableAlias)
+
+	// prepend copies the column-expression args (the bound JSON path, and any
+	// others) ahead of the value args so placeholder order matches the SQL.
+	prepend := func(valueArgs ...interface{}) []interface{} {
+		out := make([]interface{}, 0, len(colArgs)+len(valueArgs))
+		out = append(out, colArgs...)
+		out = append(out, valueArgs...)
+		return out
+	}
+
+	switch op {
+	case "eq", "equals", "=":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "neq", "not_equals", "ne", "!=", "<>":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s != ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "gt", "greater_than", ">":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s > ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "gte", "greater_than_equals", "ge", ">=":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s >= ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "lt", "less_than", "<":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s < ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "lte", "less_than_equals", "le", "<=":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s <= ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "like":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s LIKE ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "ilike":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s ILIKE ?", colExpr), prepend(value), true
+	case "in":
+		inCond, inArgs := BuildInCondition(colExpr, value)
+		if inCond == "" {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		return inCond, prepend(inArgs...), true
+	case "between", "between_inclusive":
+		lo, hi, bok := twoBoundValues(value)
+		if !bok {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		loOp, hiOp := ">", "<"
+		if op == "between_inclusive" {
+			loOp, hiOp = ">=", "<="
+		}
+		// colExpr appears twice, so its bound args (the JSON path) appear twice.
+		betweenArgs := make([]interface{}, 0, 2*len(colArgs)+2)
+		betweenArgs = append(betweenArgs, colArgs...)
+		betweenArgs = append(betweenArgs, lo)
+		betweenArgs = append(betweenArgs, colArgs...)
+		betweenArgs = append(betweenArgs, hi)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("(%s %s ? AND %s %s ?)", colExpr, loOp, colExpr, hiOp), betweenArgs, true
+	case "is_null", "isnull":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s IS NULL", colExpr), prepend(), true
+	case "is_not_null", "isnotnull":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s IS NOT NULL", colExpr), prepend(), true
+	default:
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+}
+
+// jsonValueIsNumeric reports whether value (or every element of a 2-slice) is a
+// number or a numeric-looking string.
+func jsonValueIsNumeric(value interface{}) bool {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case []interface{}:
+		if len(v) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, e := range v {
+			if !jsonValueIsNumeric(e) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	case []string:
+		if len(v) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, e := range v {
+			if _, ok := toFloat(e); !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	case string:
+		_, ok := toFloat(v)
+		return ok
+	default:
+		_, ok := toFloat(value)
+		return ok
+	}
+}
+
+// twoBoundValues extracts the low/high bounds from a BETWEEN filter value.
+func twoBoundValues(value interface{}) (lo, hi interface{}, ok bool) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case []interface{}:
+		if len(v) == 2 {
+			return v[0], v[1], true
+		}
+	case []string:
+		if len(v) == 2 {
+			return v[0], v[1], true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, nil, false
+}

pkg/common/json_condition_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+)
+
+type jsonCondModel struct {
+	ID   int64              `json:"id"`
+	Name string             `json:"name"`
+	Data spectypes.SqlJSONB `json:"data"`
+}
+
+func TestResolveJSONColumnRef_Gate(t *testing.T) {
+	m := jsonCondModel{}
+
+	// Explicit operator syntax needs no model confirmation.
+	if _, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(m, "data->>'city'"); !ok {
+		t.Error("arrow syntax should resolve")
+	}
+	// Dotted shorthand on a real JSON column resolves.
+	if ref, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(m, "data.city"); !ok || !reflect.DeepEqual(ref.Path, []string{"city"}) {
+		t.Errorf("dotted shorthand on JSON column should resolve, got ok=%v ref=%+v", ok, ref)
+	}
+	// Dotted shorthand on a non-JSON column must NOT be treated as JSON.
+	if _, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(m, "name.first"); ok {
+		t.Error("dotted shorthand on non-JSON column must not resolve as JSON")
+	}
+	// Plain columns never resolve.
+	if _, ok := ResolveJSONColumnRef(m, "name"); ok {
+		t.Error("plain column must not resolve")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveJSONColumnExpr(t *testing.T) {
+	m := jsonCondModel{}
+
+	expr, args, alias, ok := ResolveJSONColumnExpr(m, "t", "data->'addr'->>'city'")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected ok")
+	}
+	if expr != `("t"."data" #>> ?::text[])` {
+		t.Errorf("expr = %q", expr)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(args, []interface{}{"{addr,city}"}) {
+		t.Errorf("args = %#v", args)
+	}
+	if alias != "data_addr_city" {
+		t.Errorf("alias = %q", alias)
+	}
+
+	if _, _, _, ok := ResolveJSONColumnExpr(m, "t", "name"); ok {
+		t.Error("plain column must not resolve")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildJSONFilterCondition(t *testing.T) {
+	m := jsonCondModel{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		token    string
+		operator string
+		value    interface{}
+		wantCond string
+		wantArgs []interface{}
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "eq stays text", token: "data->>'city'", operator: "eq", value: "LA",
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{city}", "LA"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gt numeric value infers numeric cast", token: "data->>'age'", operator: "gt", value: 18,
+			wantCond: `(("data" #>> ?::text[]))::numeric > ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{age}", 18},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gt non-numeric value stays text", token: "data->>'name'", operator: "gt", value: "m",
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) > ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{name}", "m"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "explicit cast is respected for lt", token: "data->>'ts'::timestamptz", operator: "lt", value: "2020-01-01",
+			wantCond: `(("data" #>> ?::text[]))::timestamptz < ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{ts}", "2020-01-01"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ilike", token: "data->>'city'", operator: "ilike", value: "%la%",
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) ILIKE ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{city}", "%la%"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "in", token: "data->>'tier'", operator: "in", value: []string{"a", "b"},
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) IN (?,?)`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{tier}", "a", "b"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "between numeric", token: "data->>'age'", operator: "between", value: []interface{}{10, 20},
+			wantCond: `((("data" #>> ?::text[]))::numeric > ? AND (("data" #>> ?::text[]))::numeric < ?)`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{age}", 10, "{age}", 20},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "is_null", token: "data->>'city'", operator: "is_null", value: nil,
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) IS NULL`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{city}"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "hash path", token: "data#>>'{a,b}'", operator: "eq", value: "x",
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{a,b}", "x"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dotted shorthand on json column", token: "data.city", operator: "eq", value: "x",
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{city}", "x"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cond, args, ok := BuildJSONFilterCondition(m, "", tc.token, tc.operator, tc.value)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("ok=false for %q", tc.token)
+			}
+			if cond != tc.wantCond {
+				t.Errorf("cond = %q, want %q", cond, tc.wantCond)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(args, tc.wantArgs) {
+				t.Errorf("args = %#v, want %#v", args, tc.wantArgs)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildJSONFilterCondition_NotJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	m := jsonCondModel{}
+	for _, tok := range []string{"name", "id", "name.first"} {
+		if _, _, ok := BuildJSONFilterCondition(m, "", tok, "eq", "x"); ok {
+			t.Errorf("BuildJSONFilterCondition(%q) ok=true, want false", tok)
+		}
+	}
+	// Unknown operator on a real JSON ref -> caller keeps its own handling.
+	if _, _, ok := BuildJSONFilterCondition(m, "", "data->>'x'", "st_intersects", "y"); ok {
+		t.Error("unknown operator must yield ok=false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildJSONFilterCondition_QualifiedAndInjectionSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	m := jsonCondModel{}
+	// A hostile key never reaches the SQL string — it is bound in the text[] arg.
+	cond, args, ok := BuildJSONFilterCondition(m, "pub.tbl", "data->>'ev\"il'", "eq", "x")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("ok=false")
+	}
+	if cond != `("pub"."tbl"."data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?` {
+		t.Errorf("cond = %q", cond)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(args, []interface{}{`{"ev\"il"}`, "x"}) {
+		t.Errorf("args = %#v", args)
+	}
+}

pkg/common/spatial_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// This file implements PostGIS spatial and pgvector similarity filter operators.
+// The builders return parameterised SQL fragments (with `?` placeholders) plus
+// their args, matching the style of BuildInCondition / BuildArrayOverlapCondition.
+// PostgreSQL only — on other databases these operators simply will not resolve.
+
+// ── vector similarity ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// VectorOperator maps a metric name to its pgvector distance operator.
+//
+//	"l2" / "euclidean" / ""  -> <->
+//	"cosine"                 -> <=>
+//	"ip" / "inner" / "dot"   -> <#>
+func VectorOperator(metric string) string {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(metric)) {
+	case "cosine", "cos":
+		return "<=>"
+	case "ip", "inner", "dot", "innerproduct", "inner_product":
+		return "<#>"
+	default:
+		return "<->"
+	}
+}
+
+// VectorLiteral converts a vector value into a pgvector literal string
+// "[1,2,3]". Accepts []float32, []float64, []int, []any (of numbers), or an
+// already-formatted string.
+func VectorLiteral(value any) (string, error) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		s := strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(s, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(s, "]") {
+			return s, nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("vector literal: malformed string %q", v)
+	case []float32:
+		return floatsToVectorLiteral(len(v), func(i int) float64 { return float64(v[i]) }), nil
+	case []float64:
+		return floatsToVectorLiteral(len(v), func(i int) float64 { return v[i] }), nil
+	case []int:
+		return floatsToVectorLiteral(len(v), func(i int) float64 { return float64(v[i]) }), nil
+	case []any:
+		nums := make([]float64, len(v))
+		for i, e := range v {
+			f, ok := toFloat(e)
+			if !ok {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("vector literal: element %d is not a number (%T)", i, e)
+			}
+			nums[i] = f
+		}
+		return floatsToVectorLiteral(len(nums), func(i int) float64 { return nums[i] }), nil
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("vector literal: unsupported type %T", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func floatsToVectorLiteral(n int, at func(int) float64) string {
+	parts := make([]string, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		parts[i] = strconv.FormatFloat(at(i), 'f', -1, 32)
+	}
+	return "[" + strings.Join(parts, ",") + "]"
+}
+
+// BuildVectorCondition builds a pgvector distance-threshold filter.
+//
+//	operator: "l2_within" | "cosine_within" | "ip_within"
+//	value:    {"vector": [...], "distance": <n>}
+//	          {"vector": [...], "lt"|"lte"|"gt"|"gte": <n>}
+//
+// Produces e.g. `embedding <=> ? < ?` with args [vectorLiteral, threshold].
+func BuildVectorCondition(column, operator string, value any) (query string, args []interface{}, ok bool) {
+	var op string
+	switch strings.ToLower(operator) {
+	case "l2_within", "l2distance_within", "euclidean_within":
+		op = "<->"
+	case "cosine_within", "cosinedistance_within":
+		op = "<=>"
+	case "ip_within", "inner_within", "negativeinnerproduct_within":
+		op = "<#>"
+	default:
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+
+	m, mok := value.(map[string]any)
+	if !mok {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+	lit, err := VectorLiteral(m["vector"])
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+
+	cmp := "<"
+	var threshold any
+	if t, ok := m["distance"]; ok {
+		threshold = t
+	} else {
+		for _, k := range []string{"lt", "lte", "gt", "gte"} {
+			if t, ok := m[k]; ok {
+				threshold = t
+				switch k {
+				case "lt":
+					cmp = "<"
+				case "lte":
+					cmp = "<="
+				case "gt":
+					cmp = ">"
+				case "gte":
+					cmp = ">="
+				}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if threshold == nil {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+	f, fok := toFloat(threshold)
+	if !fok {
+		return "", nil, false
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s ? %s ?", column, op, cmp), []interface{}{lit, f}, true
+}
+
+// ── PostGIS spatial ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+var spatialPredicates = map[string]string{
+	"st_intersects": "ST_Intersects",
+	"st_contains":   "ST_Contains",
+	"st_within":     "ST_Within",
+	"st_covers":     "ST_Covers",
+	"st_coveredby":  "ST_CoveredBy",
+	"st_overlaps":   "ST_Overlaps",
+	"st_touches":    "ST_Touches",
+	"st_crosses":    "ST_Crosses",
+	"st_equals":     "ST_Equals",
+	"st_disjoint":   "ST_Disjoint",
+}
+
+// BuildSpatialCondition builds a PostGIS spatial filter.
+//
+//	"st_dwithin"    value: {"geom": <geojson|ewkt|hex>, "distance": <n>}
+//	"st_intersects" / "st_contains" / "st_within" / "st_covers" /
+//	"st_coveredby" / "st_overlaps" / "st_touches" / "st_crosses" /
+//	"st_equals" / "st_disjoint"     value: <geojson|ewkt|hex>
+//	"bbox" (alias "&&")             value: <geom> or {"bbox":[minx,miny,maxx,maxy],"srid":4326}
+func BuildSpatialCondition(column, operator string, value any) (query string, args []interface{}, ok bool) {
+	operator = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(operator))
+
+	if fn, isPred := spatialPredicates[operator]; isPred {
+		expr, arg, err := geomArgExpr(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s, %s)", fn, column, expr), []interface{}{arg}, true
+	}
+
+	switch operator {
+	case "st_dwithin":
+		m, mok := value.(map[string]any)
+		if !mok {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		expr, arg, err := geomArgExpr(m["geom"])
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		dist, dok := toFloat(m["distance"])
+		if !dok {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("ST_DWithin(%s, %s, ?)", column, expr), []interface{}{arg, dist}, true
+
+	case "bbox", "&&":
+		if m, mok := value.(map[string]any); mok {
+			if bboxRaw, has := m["bbox"]; has {
+				coords, cok := toFloatSlice(bboxRaw)
+				if !cok || len(coords) != 4 {
+					return "", nil, false
+				}
+				srid := 4326
+				if s, sok := toFloat(m["srid"]); sok {
+					srid = int(s)
+				}
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%s && ST_MakeEnvelope(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", column),
+					[]interface{}{coords[0], coords[1], coords[2], coords[3], srid}, true
+			}
+			// fall through: treat the map as a GeoJSON geometry
+		}
+		expr, arg, err := geomArgExpr(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, false
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s && %s", column, expr), []interface{}{arg}, true
+	}
+
+	return "", nil, false
+}
+
+// geomArgExpr inspects a geometry value and returns the SQL placeholder
+// expression that turns a bound argument into a geometry, plus that argument.
+//
+//	GeoJSON object -> "ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(?)", <json string>
+//	hex EWKB       -> "?::geometry",            <hex string>
+//	WKT / EWKT     -> "ST_GeomFromEWKT(?)",     <ewkt string>
+func geomArgExpr(value any) (expr string, arg any, err error) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("geometry: nil value")
+	case map[string]any:
+		b, mErr := json.Marshal(v)
+		if mErr != nil {
+			return "", nil, mErr
+		}
+		return "ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(?)", string(b), nil
+	case json.RawMessage:
+		return "ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(?)", string(v), nil
+	case []byte:
+		return geomArgExpr(string(v))
+	case string:
+		s := strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if s == "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("geometry: empty value")
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(s, "{") {
+			return "ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(?)", s, nil
+		}
+		if isHexString(s) {
+			return "?::geometry", s, nil
+		}
+		return "ST_GeomFromEWKT(?)", s, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("geometry: unsupported type %T", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func isHexString(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) < 10 || len(s)%2 != 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, err := hex.DecodeString(s)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func toFloat(v any) (float64, bool) {
+	switch n := v.(type) {
+	case float64:
+		return n, true
+	case float32:
+		return float64(n), true
+	case int:
+		return float64(n), true
+	case int64:
+		return float64(n), true
+	case json.Number:
+		f, err := n.Float64()
+		return f, err == nil
+	case string:
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(n), 64)
+		return f, err == nil
+	default:
+		return 0, false
+	}
+}
+
+func toFloatSlice(v any) ([]float64, bool) {
+	switch s := v.(type) {
+	case []float64:
+		return s, true
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]float64, len(s))
+		for i, e := range s {
+			f, ok := toFloat(e)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			out[i] = f
+		}
+		return out, true
+	default:
+		return nil, false
+	}
+}
+
+// IsSpatialOperator reports whether op is a spatial filter operator handled by
+// BuildSpatialCondition.
+func IsSpatialOperator(op string) bool {
+	op = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(op))
+	if _, ok := spatialPredicates[op]; ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return op == "st_dwithin" || op == "bbox" || op == "&&"
+}
+
+// IsVectorOperator reports whether op is a vector similarity filter operator
+// handled by BuildVectorCondition.
+func IsVectorOperator(op string) bool {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(op)) {
+	case "l2_within", "l2distance_within", "euclidean_within",
+		"cosine_within", "cosinedistance_within",
+		"ip_within", "inner_within", "negativeinnerproduct_within":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}

pkg/common/spatial_helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestVectorOperator(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"": "<->", "l2": "<->", "euclidean": "<->",
+		"cosine": "<=>", "cos": "<=>",
+		"ip": "<#>", "inner": "<#>", "dot": "<#>",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		if got := VectorOperator(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("VectorOperator(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVectorLiteral(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   any
+		want string
+	}{
+		{[]float32{1, 2, 3}, "[1,2,3]"},
+		{[]float64{1.5, -2}, "[1.5,-2]"},
+		{[]int{1, 2}, "[1,2]"},
+		{[]any{1.0, 2.0}, "[1,2]"},
+		{"[4,5,6]", "[4,5,6]"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		got, err := VectorLiteral(c.in)
+		if err != nil || got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("VectorLiteral(%v) = %q, %v; want %q", c.in, got, err, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := VectorLiteral("not-a-vector"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error for malformed string")
+	}
+	if _, err := VectorLiteral(42); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error for unsupported type")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildVectorCondition(t *testing.T) {
+	q, args, ok := BuildVectorCondition("embedding", "cosine_within", map[string]any{
+		"vector": []any{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, "distance": 0.5,
+	})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected ok")
+	}
+	if q != "embedding <=> ? < ?" {
+		t.Errorf("query = %q", q)
+	}
+	if len(args) != 2 || args[0] != "[1,2,3]" || args[1] != 0.5 {
+		t.Errorf("args = %v", args)
+	}
+
+	// explicit comparator
+	q, _, ok = BuildVectorCondition("v", "l2_within", map[string]any{
+		"vector": []float32{1}, "lte": 2.0,
+	})
+	if !ok || q != "v <-> ? <= ?" {
+		t.Errorf("lte: q=%q ok=%v", q, ok)
+	}
+
+	// unknown operator
+	if _, _, ok := BuildVectorCondition("v", "bogus", map[string]any{}); ok {
+		t.Error("expected not ok for unknown operator")
+	}
+	// missing threshold
+	if _, _, ok := BuildVectorCondition("v", "l2_within", map[string]any{"vector": []float32{1}}); ok {
+		t.Error("expected not ok without threshold")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildSpatialCondition_Predicates(t *testing.T) {
+	q, args, ok := BuildSpatialCondition("geom", "st_intersects", "SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected ok")
+	}
+	if q != "ST_Intersects(geom, ST_GeomFromEWKT(?))" {
+		t.Errorf("query = %q", q)
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 || args[0] != "SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)" {
+		t.Errorf("args = %v", args)
+	}
+
+	// GeoJSON value
+	q, args, ok = BuildSpatialCondition("geom", "st_contains", map[string]any{
+		"type": "Point", "coordinates": []any{1.0, 2.0},
+	})
+	if !ok || q != "ST_Contains(geom, ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(?))" {
+		t.Errorf("geojson: q=%q ok=%v", q, ok)
+	}
+	if len(args) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("args = %v", args)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildSpatialCondition_DWithin(t *testing.T) {
+	q, args, ok := BuildSpatialCondition("geom", "st_dwithin", map[string]any{
+		"geom": "SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)", "distance": 1000.0,
+	})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected ok")
+	}
+	if q != "ST_DWithin(geom, ST_GeomFromEWKT(?), ?)" {
+		t.Errorf("query = %q", q)
+	}
+	if len(args) != 2 || args[1] != 1000.0 {
+		t.Errorf("args = %v", args)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildSpatialCondition_BBox(t *testing.T) {
+	q, args, ok := BuildSpatialCondition("geom", "bbox", map[string]any{
+		"bbox": []any{0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0}, "srid": 4326.0,
+	})
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected ok")
+	}
+	if q != "geom && ST_MakeEnvelope(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)" {
+		t.Errorf("query = %q", q)
+	}
+	if len(args) != 5 || args[4] != 4326 {
+		t.Errorf("args = %v", args)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSpatialAndVectorOperator(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, op := range []string{"st_dwithin", "st_intersects", "bbox", "&&"} {
+		if !IsSpatialOperator(op) {
+			t.Errorf("%q should be spatial", op)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, op := range []string{"l2_within", "cosine_within", "ip_within"} {
+		if !IsVectorOperator(op) {
+			t.Errorf("%q should be vector", op)
+		}
+	}
+	if IsSpatialOperator("eq") || IsVectorOperator("eq") {
+		t.Error("eq is neither spatial nor vector")
+	}
+}

pkg/common/types.go

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ type RequestOptions struct {
 	CursorBackward string  `json:"cursor_backward"`
 	FetchRowNumber *string `json:"fetch_row_number"`
 
+	// VectorSearch performs a pgvector nearest-neighbour ordering (KNN) and
+	// optionally returns the computed distance as an extra column.
+	VectorSearch *VectorSearchOption `json:"vector_search"`
+
 	// Join table aliases (used for validation of prefixed columns in filters/sorts)
 	// Not serialized to JSON as it's internal validation state
 	JoinAliases []string `json:"-"`
@@ -114,6 +118,17 @@ func ResolveSortColumns(sort []SortOption, pkName string) []SortOption {
 	return resolved
 }
 
+// VectorSearchOption describes a pgvector KNN search: order rows by the distance
+// between Column and Vector using Metric, and (when As is set) select that
+// distance as an additional result column.
+type VectorSearchOption struct {
+	Column    string    `json:"column"`
+	Vector    []float32 `json:"vector"`
+	Metric    string    `json:"metric"`    // "l2" (default) | "cosine" | "ip"
+	As        string    `json:"as"`        // distance column alias; default "_distance"
+	Direction string    `json:"direction"` // "asc" (default) | "desc"
+}
+
 type CustomOperator struct {
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 	SQL  string `json:"sql"`

pkg/common/validation.go

@@ -109,6 +109,19 @@ func (v *ColumnValidator) ValidateColumn(column string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// JSON-traversing references (data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}', or the dotted
+	// data.x shorthand): validate the base column, and for the ambiguous
+	// dotted form require that the base is actually a JSON column.
+	if ref, isJSON := ParseColumnRef(column); isJSON {
+		if ref.Ambiguous && !reflection.IsJSONColumn(v.model, ref.Base) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid column '%s': '%s' is not a JSON column", column, ref.Base)
+		}
+		if _, exists := v.validColumns[strings.ToLower(ref.Base)]; !exists {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid column '%s': column does not exist in model", column)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Extract source column name (remove JSON operators like ->> or ->)
 	sourceColumn := reflection.ExtractSourceColumn(column)
 

pkg/common/validation_json_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
 )
 
 func TestExtractSourceColumn(t *testing.T) {
@@ -124,3 +125,35 @@ func TestValidateColumnWithJSONOperators(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestValidateColumn_JSONPathsAndDottedShorthand(t *testing.T) {
+	type Model struct {
+		ID   int64              `json:"id"`
+		Name string             `json:"name"`
+		Data spectypes.SqlJSONB `json:"data"`
+	}
+	v := NewColumnValidator(Model{})
+
+	valid := []string{
+		"data->>'city'",
+		"data->'addr'->>'city'",
+		"data#>>'{addr,city}'",
+		"data.addr.city",      // dotted shorthand, base is JSON -> allowed
+		"(data->>'age')::int", // cast + paren
+	}
+	for _, c := range valid {
+		if err := v.ValidateColumn(c); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("ValidateColumn(%q) = %v, want nil", c, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	invalid := []string{
+		"nope->>'city'", // base column does not exist
+		"name.first",    // dotted shorthand but 'name' is not a JSON column
+	}
+	for _, c := range invalid {
+		if err := v.ValidateColumn(c); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("ValidateColumn(%q) = nil, want error", c)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/mqttspec/handler.go

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ func (h *Handler) readByID(hookCtx *HookContext) (interface{}, error) {
 
 	// Apply columns
 	if hookCtx.Options != nil && len(hookCtx.Options.Columns) > 0 {
-		query = query.Column(hookCtx.Options.Columns...)
+		query = common.ApplySelectColumns(query, hookCtx.Model, "", hookCtx.Options.Columns)
 	}
 
 	// Apply preloads (simplified)
@@ -714,6 +714,10 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 	if hookCtx.Options != nil {
 		// Apply filters
 		for _, filter := range hookCtx.Options.Filters {
+			if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(hookCtx.Model, "", filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+				query = query.Where(cond, jargs...)
+				continue
+			}
 			op := strings.ToLower(filter.Operator)
 			if op == "like" || op == "ilike" {
 				query = query.Where(fmt.Sprintf("CAST(%s AS TEXT) %s ?", filter.Column, h.getOperatorSQL(filter.Operator)), filter.Value)
@@ -728,6 +732,10 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 			if sort.Direction == "desc" {
 				direction = "DESC"
 			}
+			if expr, jargs, _, ok := common.ResolveJSONColumnExpr(hookCtx.Model, "", sort.Column); ok {
+				query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", expr, direction), jargs...)
+				continue
+			}
 			query = query.Order(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
 		}
 
@@ -746,7 +754,7 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 
 		// Apply columns
 		if len(hookCtx.Options.Columns) > 0 {
-			query = query.Column(hookCtx.Options.Columns...)
+			query = common.ApplySelectColumns(query, hookCtx.Model, "", hookCtx.Options.Columns)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -772,6 +780,10 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 	countQuery := h.db.NewSelect().Model(hookCtx.ModelPtr).Table(hookCtx.TableName)
 	if hookCtx.Options != nil {
 		for _, filter := range hookCtx.Options.Filters {
+			if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(hookCtx.Model, "", filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+				countQuery = countQuery.Where(cond, jargs...)
+				continue
+			}
 			op := strings.ToLower(filter.Operator)
 			if op == "like" || op == "ilike" {
 				countQuery = countQuery.Where(fmt.Sprintf("CAST(%s AS TEXT) %s ?", filter.Column, h.getOperatorSQL(filter.Operator)), filter.Value)

pkg/openapi/generator.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/modelregistry"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
 )
 
 // OpenAPISpec represents the OpenAPI 3.0 specification structure
@@ -440,6 +441,28 @@ func (g *Generator) generatePropertySchema(field reflect.StructField) *Schema {
 		schema.Description = desc
 	}
 
+	// spectypes PostGIS / pgvector wrappers get dedicated schemas.
+	if n, ok := spectypes.SQLTypeName(field.Type); ok {
+		switch n {
+		case "geometry", "geography":
+			schema.Type = "object"
+			schema.Format = "geojson"
+			return schema
+		case "vector", "halfvec":
+			schema.Type = "array"
+			schema.Items = &Schema{Type: "number"}
+			schema.Format = "vector"
+			return schema
+		case "sparsevec":
+			schema.Type = "object"
+			schema.Format = "sparsevec"
+			return schema
+		case "bit":
+			schema.Type = "string"
+			return schema
+		}
+	}
+
 	switch fieldType.Kind() {
 	case reflect.String:
 		schema.Type = "string"

pkg/reflection/model_utils_geo_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package reflection
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+)
+
+type geoModel struct {
+	ID        int64                   `json:"id"`
+	Location  spectypes.SqlGeometry   `json:"location"`
+	Area      spectypes.SqlGeography  `json:"area"`
+	Embedding spectypes.SqlVector     `json:"embedding"`
+	HalfEmb   spectypes.SqlHalfVector `json:"half_emb"`
+	Name      spectypes.SqlString     `json:"name"`
+}
+
+func TestGetColumnSQLTypeName(t *testing.T) {
+	m := geoModel{}
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"location":  "geometry",
+		"area":      "geography",
+		"embedding": "vector",
+		"half_emb":  "halfvec",
+		"name":      "text",
+	}
+	for col, want := range cases {
+		got, ok := GetColumnSQLTypeName(m, col)
+		if !ok || got != want {
+			t.Errorf("GetColumnSQLTypeName(%q) = %q, %v; want %q", col, got, ok, want)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, ok := GetColumnSQLTypeName(m, "id"); ok {
+		t.Error("id is not a spectypes column")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSpatialColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	m := geoModel{}
+	if !IsSpatialColumn(m, "location") || !IsSpatialColumn(m, "area") {
+		t.Error("location/area should be spatial")
+	}
+	if IsSpatialColumn(m, "embedding") || IsSpatialColumn(m, "name") {
+		t.Error("embedding/name should not be spatial")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsVectorColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	m := geoModel{}
+	if !IsVectorColumn(m, "embedding") || !IsVectorColumn(m, "half_emb") {
+		t.Error("embedding/half_emb should be vector")
+	}
+	if IsVectorColumn(m, "location") || IsVectorColumn(m, "name") {
+		t.Error("location/name should not be vector")
+	}
+}

pkg/reflection/spectypes_helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+package reflection
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+)
+
+// getColumnStructField resolves the struct field that backs colName (matched by
+// json tag, field name or snake_case), following the same rules as
+// GetColumnTypeFromModel.
+func getColumnStructField(model interface{}, colName string) (reflect.StructField, bool) {
+	if model == nil {
+		return reflect.StructField{}, false
+	}
+	sourceColName := ExtractSourceColumn(colName)
+
+	modelType := reflect.TypeOf(model)
+	for modelType != nil && modelType.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		modelType = modelType.Elem()
+	}
+	if modelType == nil || modelType.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return reflect.StructField{}, false
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < modelType.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := modelType.Field(i)
+
+		if jsonTag := field.Tag.Get("json"); jsonTag != "" {
+			if name := jsonTagName(jsonTag); name == sourceColName {
+				return field, true
+			}
+		}
+		if equalFold(field.Name, sourceColName) {
+			return field, true
+		}
+		if ToSnakeCase(field.Name) == sourceColName {
+			return field, true
+		}
+	}
+	return reflect.StructField{}, false
+}
+
+// getColumnFieldType resolves the reflect.Type of the struct field that backs
+// colName (matched by json tag, field name or snake_case), following the same
+// rules as GetColumnTypeFromModel.
+func getColumnFieldType(model interface{}, colName string) (reflect.Type, bool) {
+	f, ok := getColumnStructField(model, colName)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return f.Type, true
+}
+
+func jsonTagName(tag string) string {
+	for i := 0; i < len(tag); i++ {
+		if tag[i] == ',' {
+			return tag[:i]
+		}
+	}
+	return tag
+}
+
+func equalFold(a, b string) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
+		ca, cb := a[i], b[i]
+		if 'A' <= ca && ca <= 'Z' {
+			ca += 'a' - 'A'
+		}
+		if 'A' <= cb && cb <= 'Z' {
+			cb += 'a' - 'A'
+		}
+		if ca != cb {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// GetColumnSQLTypeName returns the canonical PostgreSQL type name for a column
+// backed by a spectypes wrapper (e.g. "geometry", "vector", "jsonb"), or
+// ("", false) if the column is not found or not a spectypes type.
+func GetColumnSQLTypeName(model interface{}, colName string) (string, bool) {
+	t, ok := getColumnFieldType(model, colName)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return spectypes.SQLTypeName(t)
+}
+
+// IsSpatialColumn reports whether colName is backed by a PostGIS
+// geometry/geography wrapper.
+func IsSpatialColumn(model interface{}, colName string) bool {
+	t, ok := getColumnFieldType(model, colName)
+	return ok && spectypes.IsSpatialType(t)
+}
+
+// IsVectorColumn reports whether colName is backed by a pgvector wrapper.
+func IsVectorColumn(model interface{}, colName string) bool {
+	t, ok := getColumnFieldType(model, colName)
+	return ok && spectypes.IsVectorType(t)
+}
+
+var rawMessageType = reflect.TypeOf(json.RawMessage(nil))
+
+// IsJSONColumn reports whether colName is backed by a JSON/JSONB column on the
+// model. It recognises the spectypes SqlJSONB wrapper, encoding/json.RawMessage,
+// map-typed fields, and fields carrying a bun/gorm `type:json` / `type:jsonb`
+// tag. colName should be a bare column name (callers pass the parsed base column
+// of a JSON path, not the full "col->>'x'" expression).
+func IsJSONColumn(model interface{}, colName string) bool {
+	f, ok := getColumnStructField(model, colName)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ft := f.Type
+	for ft != nil && ft.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		ft = ft.Elem()
+	}
+	if ft == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if spectypes.IsJSONType(ft) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ft == rawMessageType {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ft.Kind() == reflect.Map {
+		return true
+	}
+	if tagDeclaresJSON(f.Tag.Get("bun")) || tagDeclaresJSON(f.Tag.Get("gorm")) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// tagDeclaresJSON reports whether an ORM struct tag declares a json/jsonb column
+// type, e.g. `bun:"meta,type:jsonb"` or `gorm:"column:meta;type:json"`.
+func tagDeclaresJSON(tag string) bool {
+	if tag == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, part := range strings.FieldsFunc(tag, func(r rune) bool {
+		return r == ',' || r == ';' || r == ' '
+	}) {
+		value, found := strings.CutPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(part), "type:")
+		if !found {
+			continue
+		}
+		value = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
+		// Match "json" and "jsonb", including parametrised forms just in case.
+		if value == "json" || value == "jsonb" ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(value, "json(") || strings.HasPrefix(value, "jsonb(") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/reflection/spectypes_helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package reflection
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+)
+
+type jsonColModel struct {
+	ID       int64                  `json:"id"`
+	Name     string                 `json:"name"`
+	Meta     spectypes.SqlJSONB     `json:"meta"`
+	Raw      json.RawMessage        `json:"raw"`
+	Attrs    map[string]interface{} `json:"attrs"`
+	Config   []byte                 `json:"config" bun:"config,type:jsonb"`
+	Settings string                 `json:"settings" gorm:"column:settings;type:json"`
+	Blob     []byte                 `json:"blob"`
+}
+
+func TestIsJSONColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	m := jsonColModel{}
+
+	jsonCols := []string{"meta", "raw", "attrs", "config", "settings"}
+	for _, c := range jsonCols {
+		if !IsJSONColumn(m, c) {
+			t.Errorf("expected %q to be a JSON column", c)
+		}
+	}
+
+	notJSON := []string{"id", "name", "blob", "missing"}
+	for _, c := range notJSON {
+		if IsJSONColumn(m, c) {
+			t.Errorf("expected %q NOT to be a JSON column", c)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if IsJSONColumn(nil, "meta") {
+		t.Error("nil model must not report JSON columns")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTagDeclaresJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]bool{
+		"config,type:jsonb":          true,
+		"column:settings;type:json":  true,
+		"col,type:text":              false,
+		"column:name":                false,
+		"":                           false,
+		"col,type:jsonb,notnull":     true,
+		"column:x;type:varchar(255)": false,
+		"col , type:json":            true,
+	}
+	for tag, want := range cases {
+		if got := tagDeclaresJSON(tag); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("tagDeclaresJSON(%q) = %v; want %v", tag, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/resolvespec/filter_test.go

@@ -87,11 +87,48 @@ func TestBuildFilterCondition(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedCondition: "",
 			expectedArgsCount: 0,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "st_dwithin spatial operator",
+			filter: common.FilterOption{
+				Column:   "geom",
+				Operator: "st_dwithin",
+				Value: map[string]any{
+					"geom":     "SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)",
+					"distance": 1000.0,
+				},
+			},
+			expectedCondition: "ST_DWithin(geom, ST_GeomFromEWKT(?), ?)",
+			expectedArgsCount: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "st_intersects spatial operator",
+			filter: common.FilterOption{
+				Column:        "geom",
+				Operator:      "st_intersects",
+				Value:         "SRID=4326;POLYGON((0 0,1 0,1 1,0 1,0 0))",
+				LogicOperator: "",
+			},
+			expectedCondition: "ST_Intersects(geom, ST_GeomFromEWKT(?))",
+			expectedArgsCount: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "l2_within vector operator",
+			filter: common.FilterOption{
+				Column:   "embedding",
+				Operator: "l2_within",
+				Value: map[string]any{
+					"vector":   []any{1.0, 2.0, 3.0},
+					"distance": 0.5,
+				},
+			},
+			expectedCondition: "embedding <-> ? < ?",
+			expectedArgsCount: 2,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			condition, args := h.buildFilterCondition(tt.filter)
+			condition, args := h.buildFilterCondition(tt.filter, nil)
 
 			if condition != tt.expectedCondition {
 				t.Errorf("Expected condition '%s', got '%s'", tt.expectedCondition, condition)

pkg/resolvespec/handler.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/logger"
 	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/reflection"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
 )
 
 // FallbackHandler is a function that handles requests when no model is found
@@ -332,8 +333,13 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 			query = query.Table(tableName)
 		}
 
-		if len(options.Columns) == 0 && (len(options.ComputedColumns) > 0) {
-			logger.Debug("Populating options.Columns with all model columns since computed columns are additions")
+		vectorSearchActive := options.VectorSearch != nil &&
+			options.VectorSearch.Column != "" && len(options.VectorSearch.Vector) > 0
+
+		if len(options.Columns) == 0 &&
+			(len(options.ComputedColumns) > 0 ||
+				(vectorSearchActive && options.VectorSearch.As != "")) {
+			logger.Debug("Populating options.Columns with all model columns since computed/vector columns are additions")
 			options.Columns = reflection.GetSQLModelColumns(model)
 		}
 
@@ -341,6 +347,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		if len(options.Columns) > 0 {
 			logger.Debug("Selecting columns: %v", options.Columns)
 			for _, col := range options.Columns {
+				if expr, jargs, alias, ok := common.ResolveJSONColumnExpr(model, "", col); ok {
+					query = query.ColumnExpr(expr+" AS "+common.QuoteIdent(alias), jargs...)
+					continue
+				}
 				query = query.Column(reflection.ExtractSourceColumn(col))
 			}
 		}
@@ -352,6 +362,29 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 			}
 		}
 
+		// pgvector KNN search: order by distance to the query vector and,
+		// optionally, return that distance as an extra column. Postgres only.
+		if vectorSearchActive {
+			vs := options.VectorSearch
+			op := common.VectorOperator(vs.Metric)
+			lit, litErr := common.VectorLiteral(vs.Vector)
+			if litErr != nil {
+				logger.Error("Invalid vector search vector: %v", litErr)
+				statusCode, errCode, errMsg = http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_vector_search", "Invalid vector search vector"
+				return litErr
+			}
+			col := common.QuoteIdent(vs.Column)
+			dir := "ASC"
+			if strings.EqualFold(vs.Direction, "desc") {
+				dir = "DESC"
+			}
+			if vs.As != "" {
+				query = query.ColumnExpr(fmt.Sprintf("(%s %s ?) AS %s", col, op, common.QuoteIdent(vs.As)), lit)
+			}
+			query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s ? %s", col, op, dir), lit)
+			logger.Debug("Applying vector search on %s (%s)", vs.Column, op)
+		}
+
 		// Apply preloading
 		if len(options.Preload) > 0 {
 			var err error
@@ -364,7 +397,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		}
 
 		// Apply filters with proper grouping for OR logic
-		query = h.applyFilters(query, options.Filters)
+		query = h.applyFilters(query, options.Filters, model)
 
 		// Apply custom operators
 		for _, customOp := range options.CustomOperators {
@@ -384,6 +417,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 				direction = "DESC"
 			}
 			logger.Debug("Applying sort: %s %s", sort.Column, direction)
+			if expr, jargs, _, ok := common.ResolveJSONColumnExpr(model, "", sort.Column); ok {
+				query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", expr, direction), jargs...)
+				continue
+			}
 			query = query.Order(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
 		}
 
@@ -507,7 +544,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 
 			// Apply the same filters as the main query
 			for _, filter := range options.Filters {
-				rowNumQuery = h.applyFilter(rowNumQuery, filter)
+				rowNumQuery = h.applyFilter(rowNumQuery, filter, model)
 			}
 
 			// Apply custom operators
@@ -1800,7 +1837,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDelete(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id
 // applyFilters applies all filters with proper grouping for OR logic
 // Groups consecutive OR filters together to ensure proper query precedence
 // Example: [A, B(OR), C(OR), D(AND)] => WHERE (A OR B OR C) AND D
-func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	if len(filters) == 0 {
 		return query
 	}
@@ -1820,11 +1857,11 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Filter
 			}
 
 			// Apply the OR group as a single grouped WHERE clause
-			query = h.applyFilterGroup(query, orGroup)
+			query = h.applyFilterGroup(query, orGroup, model)
 			i = j
 		} else {
 			// Single filter with AND logic (or first filter)
-			condition, args := h.buildFilterCondition(filters[i])
+			condition, args := h.buildFilterCondition(filters[i], model)
 			if condition != "" {
 				query = query.Where(condition, args...)
 			}
@@ -1837,7 +1874,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Filter
 
 // applyFilterGroup applies a group of filters that should be OR'd together
 // Always wraps them in parentheses and applies as a single WHERE clause
-func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	if len(filters) == 0 {
 		return query
 	}
@@ -1847,7 +1884,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Fi
 	var args []interface{}
 
 	for _, filter := range filters {
-		condition, filterArgs := h.buildFilterCondition(filter)
+		condition, filterArgs := h.buildFilterCondition(filter, model)
 		if condition != "" {
 			conditions = append(conditions, condition)
 			args = append(args, filterArgs...)
@@ -1868,11 +1905,18 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Fi
 	return query.Where(groupedCondition, args...)
 }
 
-// buildFilterCondition builds a filter condition and returns it with args
-func (h *Handler) buildFilterCondition(filter common.FilterOption) (conditionString string, conditionArgs []interface{}) {
+// buildFilterCondition builds a filter condition and returns it with args.
+// model, when non-nil, lets JSON sub-field references (data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}',
+// or the dotted data.x shorthand for a JSON column) resolve to a safe,
+// parameterised expression before the ordinary operator handling below.
+func (h *Handler) buildFilterCondition(filter common.FilterOption, model interface{}) (conditionString string, conditionArgs []interface{}) {
 	var condition string
 	var args []interface{}
 
+	if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(model, "", filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+		return cond, jargs
+	}
+
 	switch filter.Operator {
 	case "eq", "=":
 		condition = fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", filter.Column)
@@ -1909,19 +1953,40 @@ func (h *Handler) buildFilterCondition(filter common.FilterOption) (conditionStr
 			return "", nil
 		}
 	default:
-		return "", nil
+		if common.IsSpatialOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			q, a, ok := common.BuildSpatialCondition(filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value)
+			if !ok {
+				return "", nil
+			}
+			condition, args = q, a
+		} else if common.IsVectorOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			q, a, ok := common.BuildVectorCondition(filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value)
+			if !ok {
+				return "", nil
+			}
+			condition, args = q, a
+		} else {
+			return "", nil
+		}
 	}
 
 	return condition, args
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOption) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOption, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	// Determine which method to use based on LogicOperator
 	useOrLogic := strings.EqualFold(filter.LogicOperator, "OR")
 
 	var condition string
 	var args []interface{}
 
+	if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(model, "", filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+		if useOrLogic {
+			return query.WhereOr(cond, jargs...)
+		}
+		return query.Where(cond, jargs...)
+	}
+
 	switch filter.Operator {
 	case "eq", "=":
 		condition = fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", filter.Column)
@@ -1958,7 +2023,21 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOpti
 			return query
 		}
 	default:
-		return query
+		if common.IsSpatialOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			q, a, ok := common.BuildSpatialCondition(filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value)
+			if !ok {
+				return query
+			}
+			condition, args = q, a
+		} else if common.IsVectorOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			q, a, ok := common.BuildVectorCondition(filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value)
+			if !ok {
+				return query
+			}
+			condition, args = q, a
+		} else {
+			return query
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Apply filter with appropriate logic operator
@@ -2094,9 +2173,20 @@ func (h *Handler) generateMetadata(schema, entity string, model interface{}) *co
 			continue
 		}
 
+		colTypeStr := getColumnType(columnField)
+		// Fill the gap for spectypes wrappers whose Go representation (struct or
+		// slice) has no obvious SQL mapping — PostGIS geometry/geography and
+		// pgvector vector/halfvec/sparsevec/bit. A gorm `type:` tag still wins
+		// (dimensioned types like vector(1536)).
+		if colTypeStr == "unknown" && !strings.Contains(field.Tag.Get("gorm"), "type:") {
+			if n, ok := spectypes.SQLTypeName(field.Type); ok {
+				colTypeStr = n
+			}
+		}
+
 		column := common.Column{
 			Name:       jsonName,
-			Type:       getColumnType(columnField),
+			Type:       colTypeStr,
 			IsNullable: isSQLType || isNullable(field),
 			IsPrimary:  strings.Contains(gormTag, "primaryKey"),
 			IsUnique:   strings.Contains(gormTag, "unique") || strings.Contains(gormTag, "uniqueIndex"),
@@ -2326,7 +2416,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyPreloads(model interface{}, query common.SelectQuery, pre
 
 			if len(preload.Filters) > 0 {
 				for _, filter := range preload.Filters {
-					sq = h.applyFilter(sq, filter)
+					sq = h.applyFilter(sq, filter, nil)
 				}
 			}
 			if len(preload.Sort) > 0 {

pkg/resolvespec/json_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package resolvespec
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+)
+
+// jsonColModel has a real JSONB column so the dotted "data.x" shorthand is
+// recognised as JSON access.
+type jsonColModel struct {
+	ID   int64              `json:"id" bun:"id,pk"`
+	Name string             `json:"name" bun:"name"`
+	Data spectypes.SqlJSONB `json:"data" bun:"data"`
+}
+
+type jsonCapCall struct {
+	method string
+	query  string
+	args   []interface{}
+}
+
+// jsonCapQuery records the string + args of the calls the handler makes.
+type jsonCapQuery struct {
+	calls []jsonCapCall
+}
+
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) rec(method, query string, args []interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	m.calls = append(m.calls, jsonCapCall{method: method, query: query, args: args})
+	return m
+}
+
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Model(interface{}) common.SelectQuery { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Table(string) common.SelectQuery      { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Column(cols ...string) common.SelectQuery {
+	for _, c := range cols {
+		m.rec("Column", c, nil)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) ColumnExpr(q string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("ColumnExpr", q, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Where(q string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("Where", q, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) WhereOr(q string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("WhereOr", q, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Join(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery     { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) LeftJoin(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Preload(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery  { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) PreloadRelation(string, ...func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) JoinRelation(string, ...func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Order(o string) common.SelectQuery { return m.rec("Order", o, nil) }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) OrderExpr(o string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("OrderExpr", o, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Limit(int) common.SelectQuery                     { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Offset(int) common.SelectQuery                    { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Group(string) common.SelectQuery                  { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Having(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Scan(context.Context, interface{}) error          { return nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) ScanModel(context.Context) error                  { return nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Count(context.Context) (int, error)               { return 0, nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Exists(context.Context) (bool, error)             { return false, nil }
+
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) only(t *testing.T) jsonCapCall {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(m.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 recorded call, got %d: %+v", len(m.calls), m.calls)
+	}
+	return m.calls[0]
+}
+
+func TestBuildFilterCondition_JSONColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	model := jsonColModel{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		filter   common.FilterOption
+		wantCond string
+		wantArgs []interface{}
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "arrow syntax eq stays text",
+			filter:   common.FilterOption{Column: "data->>'city'", Operator: "eq", Value: "LA"},
+			wantCond: `("data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{city}", "LA"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "dotted shorthand numeric cast inference",
+			filter:   common.FilterOption{Column: "data.age", Operator: "gt", Value: 18},
+			wantCond: `(("data" #>> ?::text[]))::numeric > ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{age}", 18},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "hash path with explicit cast",
+			filter:   common.FilterOption{Column: "data#>>'{a,b}'::int", Operator: "lte", Value: "5"},
+			wantCond: `(("data" #>> ?::text[]))::integer <= ?`,
+			wantArgs: []interface{}{"{a,b}", "5"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cond, args := h.buildFilterCondition(tc.filter, model)
+			if cond != tc.wantCond {
+				t.Fatalf("cond = %q, want %q", cond, tc.wantCond)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(args, tc.wantArgs) {
+				t.Fatalf("args = %#v, want %#v", args, tc.wantArgs)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Non-JSON column falls through to ordinary handling.
+	cond, _ := h.buildFilterCondition(common.FilterOption{Column: "name", Operator: "eq", Value: "x"}, model)
+	if cond != "name = ?" {
+		t.Fatalf("non-JSON cond = %q", cond)
+	}
+
+	// Without a model the dotted shorthand must NOT be treated as JSON.
+	cond, _ = h.buildFilterCondition(common.FilterOption{Column: "data.age", Operator: "eq", Value: "x"}, nil)
+	if cond != "data.age = ?" {
+		t.Fatalf("nil-model dotted cond = %q, want ordinary handling", cond)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyFilter_JSONColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	model := jsonColModel{}
+
+	q := &jsonCapQuery{}
+	h.applyFilter(q, common.FilterOption{
+		Column: "data->>'tier'", Operator: "in", Value: []string{"a", "b"}, LogicOperator: "OR",
+	}, model)
+	c := q.only(t)
+	if c.method != "WhereOr" || c.query != `("data" #>> ?::text[]) IN (?,?)` {
+		t.Fatalf("call = %+v", c)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(c.args, []interface{}{"{tier}", "a", "b"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("args = %#v", c.args)
+	}
+}

pkg/restheadspec/handler.go

@@ -419,7 +419,12 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 
 		// If we have computed columns/expressions but options.Columns is empty,
 		// populate it with all model columns first since computed columns are additions
-		if len(options.Columns) == 0 && (len(options.ComputedQL) > 0 || len(options.ComputedColumns) > 0) {
+		vectorSearchActive := options.VectorSearch != nil &&
+			options.VectorSearch.Column != "" && len(options.VectorSearch.Vector) > 0
+
+		if len(options.Columns) == 0 &&
+			(len(options.ComputedQL) > 0 || len(options.ComputedColumns) > 0 ||
+				(vectorSearchActive && options.VectorSearch.As != "")) {
 			logger.Debug("Populating options.Columns with all model columns since computed columns are additions")
 			options.Columns = reflection.GetSQLModelColumns(model)
 		}
@@ -466,12 +471,42 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 		// Apply column selection
 		if len(options.Columns) > 0 {
 			logger.Debug("Selecting columns: %v", options.Columns)
+			selectAlias := reflection.ExtractTableNameOnly(tableName)
 			for _, col := range options.Columns {
+				// JSON sub-field selection (data->>'x', data.x, data#>>'{a,b}'):
+				// emit a parameterised expression aliased to a stable name.
+				if expr, jargs, alias, ok := common.ResolveJSONColumnExpr(model, selectAlias, col); ok {
+					query = query.ColumnExpr(expr+" AS "+common.QuoteIdent(alias), jargs...)
+					continue
+				}
 				query = query.Column(reflection.ExtractSourceColumn(col))
 			}
 
 		}
 
+		// pgvector KNN search: order by distance to the query vector and,
+		// optionally, return that distance as an extra column. Postgres only.
+		if vectorSearchActive {
+			vs := options.VectorSearch
+			op := common.VectorOperator(vs.Metric)
+			lit, litErr := common.VectorLiteral(vs.Vector)
+			if litErr != nil {
+				logger.Error("Invalid vector search vector: %v", litErr)
+				statusCode, errCode, errMsg = http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_vector_search", "Invalid vector search vector"
+				return litErr
+			}
+			col := common.QuoteIdent(vs.Column)
+			dir := "ASC"
+			if strings.EqualFold(vs.Direction, "desc") {
+				dir = "DESC"
+			}
+			if vs.As != "" {
+				query = query.ColumnExpr(fmt.Sprintf("(%s %s ?) AS %s", col, op, common.QuoteIdent(vs.As)), lit)
+			}
+			query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s ? %s", col, op, dir), lit)
+			logger.Debug("Applying vector search on %s (%s)", vs.Column, op)
+		}
+
 		// Apply expand (Just expand to Preload for now)
 		for _, expand := range options.Expand {
 			logger.Debug("Applying expand: %s", expand.Relation)
@@ -582,12 +617,12 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 
 				// Apply the OR group as a single grouped condition
 				logger.Debug("Applying OR filter group with %d conditions", len(orFilters))
-				query = h.applyOrFilterGroup(query, orFilters, orCastInfo, tableName)
+				query = h.applyOrFilterGroup(query, orFilters, orCastInfo, tableName, model)
 				i = j
 			} else {
 				// Single AND filter - apply normally
 				logger.Debug("Applying filter: %s %s %v (needsCast=%v, logic=%s)", filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value, castInfo.NeedsCast, logicOp)
-				query = h.applyFilter(query, *filter, tableName, castInfo.NeedsCast, logicOp)
+				query = h.applyFilter(query, *filter, tableName, castInfo.NeedsCast, logicOp, model)
 				i++
 			}
 		}
@@ -687,8 +722,12 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRead(ctx context.Context, w common.ResponseWriter, id st
 			}
 			logger.Debug("Applying sort: %s %s", sort.Column, direction)
 
-			// Check if it's an expression (enclosed in brackets) - use directly without quoting
-			if strings.HasPrefix(sort.Column, "(") && strings.HasSuffix(sort.Column, ")") {
+			// JSON sub-field reference (data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}', or dotted
+			// shorthand when the base is a JSON column) - resolve to a safe
+			// parameterised expression before the generic branches.
+			if expr, jargs, _, ok := common.ResolveJSONColumnExpr(model, tableAlias, sort.Column); ok {
+				query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", expr, direction), jargs...)
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(sort.Column, "(") && strings.HasSuffix(sort.Column, ")") {
 				// For expressions, pass as raw SQL to prevent auto-quoting
 				query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
 			} else if strings.Contains(sort.Column, ".") {
@@ -1035,7 +1074,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyPreloadWithRecursion(query common.SelectQuery, preload co
 		// Apply filters
 		if len(preload.Filters) > 0 {
 			for _, filter := range preload.Filters {
-				sq = h.applyFilter(sq, filter, "", false, "AND")
+				sq = h.applyFilter(sq, filter, "", false, "AND", nil)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -2260,16 +2299,11 @@ func (h *Handler) qualifyColumnName(columnName, fullTableName string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", tableOnly, columnName)
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOption, tableName string, needsCast bool, logicOp string) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOption, tableName string, needsCast bool, logicOp string, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	// Qualify the column name with table name if not already qualified
 	rawQualifiedColumn := h.qualifyColumnName(filter.Column, tableName)
 	qualifiedColumn := rawQualifiedColumn
 
-	// Apply casting to text if needed for non-numeric columns or non-numeric values
-	if needsCast {
-		qualifiedColumn = fmt.Sprintf("CAST(%s AS TEXT)", rawQualifiedColumn)
-	}
-
 	// Helper function to apply the correct Where method based on logic operator
 	applyWhere := func(condition string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 		if logicOp == "OR" {
@@ -2278,6 +2312,19 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOpti
 		return query.Where(condition, args...)
 	}
 
+	// JSON sub-field access (data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}', or the dotted data.x
+	// shorthand when "data" is a JSON column): resolve to a safe, parameterised
+	// expression before the ordinary column handling below.
+	tableAlias := reflection.ExtractTableNameOnly(tableName)
+	if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(model, tableAlias, filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+		return applyWhere(cond, jargs...)
+	}
+
+	// Apply casting to text if needed for non-numeric columns or non-numeric values
+	if needsCast {
+		qualifiedColumn = fmt.Sprintf("CAST(%s AS TEXT)", rawQualifiedColumn)
+	}
+
 	switch strings.ToLower(filter.Operator) {
 	case "eq", "equals":
 		return applyWhere(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", qualifiedColumn), filter.Value)
@@ -2330,6 +2377,18 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOpti
 		colName := h.qualifyColumnName(filter.Column, tableName)
 		return applyWhere(fmt.Sprintf("(%s IS NOT NULL AND %s != '')", colName, colName))
 	default:
+		if common.IsSpatialOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			if cond, sargs, ok := common.BuildSpatialCondition(rawQualifiedColumn, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+				return applyWhere(cond, sargs...)
+			}
+			return query
+		}
+		if common.IsVectorOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			if cond, vargs, ok := common.BuildVectorCondition(rawQualifiedColumn, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+				return applyWhere(cond, vargs...)
+			}
+			return query
+		}
 		logger.Warn("Unknown filter operator: %s, defaulting to equals", filter.Operator)
 		return applyWhere(fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", qualifiedColumn), filter.Value)
 	}
@@ -2337,16 +2396,25 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilter(query common.SelectQuery, filter common.FilterOpti
 
 // applyOrFilterGroup applies a group of OR filters as a single grouped condition
 // This ensures OR conditions are properly grouped with parentheses to prevent OR logic from escaping
-func (h *Handler) applyOrFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []*common.FilterOption, castInfo []ColumnCastInfo, tableName string) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyOrFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []*common.FilterOption, castInfo []ColumnCastInfo, tableName string, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	if len(filters) == 0 {
 		return query
 	}
 
+	tableAlias := reflection.ExtractTableNameOnly(tableName)
+
 	// Build individual filter conditions
 	conditions := []string{}
 	args := []interface{}{}
 
 	for i, filter := range filters {
+		// JSON sub-field access: resolve to a safe parameterised condition first.
+		if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(model, tableAlias, filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+			conditions = append(conditions, cond)
+			args = append(args, jargs...)
+			continue
+		}
+
 		// Qualify the column name with table name if not already qualified
 		rawQualifiedColumn := h.qualifyColumnName(filter.Column, tableName)
 		qualifiedColumn := rawQualifiedColumn
@@ -2429,6 +2497,20 @@ func (h *Handler) buildFilterCondition(qualifiedColumn string, filter *common.Fi
 		colName := h.qualifyColumnName(filter.Column, tableName)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("(%s IS NOT NULL AND %s != '')", colName, colName), nil
 	default:
+		if common.IsSpatialOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			rawCol := h.qualifyColumnName(filter.Column, tableName)
+			if cond, sargs, ok := common.BuildSpatialCondition(rawCol, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+				return cond, sargs
+			}
+			return "", nil
+		}
+		if common.IsVectorOperator(filter.Operator) {
+			rawCol := h.qualifyColumnName(filter.Column, tableName)
+			if cond, vargs, ok := common.BuildVectorCondition(rawCol, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+				return cond, vargs
+			}
+			return "", nil
+		}
 		logger.Warn("Unknown filter operator: %s, defaulting to equals", filter.Operator)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("%s = ?", qualifiedColumn), []interface{}{filter.Value}
 	}
@@ -2848,8 +2930,21 @@ func (h *Handler) sendFormattedResponse(w common.ResponseWriter, data interface{
 	switch options.ResponseFormat {
 	case "simple":
 		// Simple format: just return the data array
+		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to marshal JSON response: %v", err)
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+		if string(jsonData) == "null" {
+			if options.SingleRecordAsObject {
+				jsonData = []byte("{}")
+			} else {
+				jsonData = []byte("[]")
+			}
+		}
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		if err := w.WriteJSON(data); err != nil {
+		if _, err := w.Write(jsonData); err != nil {
 			logger.Error("Failed to write JSON response: %v", err)
 		}
 	case "syncfusion":

pkg/restheadspec/headers.go

@@ -182,6 +182,22 @@ func (h *Handler) parseOptionsFromHeaders(r common.Request, model interface{}) E
 			h.parseSearchOp(&options, key, decodedValue, "AND")
 		case strings.HasPrefix(key, "x-searchcols"):
 			options.SearchColumns = h.parseCommaSeparated(decodedValue)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(key, "x-spatialfilter-"):
+			h.parseGeoFilter(&options, key, "x-spatialfilter-", decodedValue)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(key, "x-vectorfilter-"):
+			h.parseGeoFilter(&options, key, "x-vectorfilter-", decodedValue)
+
+		// pgvector KNN search
+		case key == "x-vector-search-vector":
+			h.ensureVectorSearch(&options).Vector = parseFloat32List(decodedValue)
+		case key == "x-vector-search-as":
+			h.ensureVectorSearch(&options).As = decodedValue
+		case key == "x-vector-search-dir":
+			h.ensureVectorSearch(&options).Direction = decodedValue
+		case strings.HasPrefix(key, "x-vector-search-"):
+			vs := h.ensureVectorSearch(&options)
+			vs.Column = strings.TrimPrefix(key, "x-vector-search-")
+			vs.Metric = decodedValue
 		case strings.HasPrefix(key, "x-custom-sql-w"):
 			if options.CustomSQLWhere != "" {
 				options.CustomSQLWhere = fmt.Sprintf("%s AND (%s)", options.CustomSQLWhere, decodedValue)
@@ -309,6 +325,83 @@ func (h *Handler) parseOptionsFromHeaders(r common.Request, model interface{}) E
 	return options
 }
 
+// ensureVectorSearch returns the options' VectorSearchOption, allocating it on
+// first use.
+func (h *Handler) ensureVectorSearch(options *ExtendedRequestOptions) *common.VectorSearchOption {
+	if options.VectorSearch == nil {
+		options.VectorSearch = &common.VectorSearchOption{}
+	}
+	return options.VectorSearch
+}
+
+// parseFloat32List parses a JSON array ("[1,2,3]") or comma-separated list into
+// a []float32.
+func parseFloat32List(value string) []float32 {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if value == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var raw []float64
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(value), &raw); err == nil {
+		out := make([]float32, len(raw))
+		for i, f := range raw {
+			out[i] = float32(f)
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.Trim(value, "[]"), ",")
+	out := make([]float32, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(p), 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		out = append(out, float32(f))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// parseGeoFilter parses an x-spatialfilter-<col> / x-vectorfilter-<col> header.
+// The value is a JSON object: {"op":"st_dwithin","geom":...,"distance":...} or
+// {"op":"st_intersects","value":<geojson>}. An optional "logic":"or" controls
+// how the filter combines with the previous one.
+func (h *Handler) parseGeoFilter(options *ExtendedRequestOptions, key, prefix, value string) {
+	col := strings.TrimPrefix(key, prefix)
+	if col == "" || strings.TrimSpace(value) == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	var raw map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(value), &raw); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn("Invalid %s%s filter JSON: %v", prefix, col, err)
+		return
+	}
+	op, _ := raw["op"].(string)
+	if op == "" {
+		logger.Warn("%s%s filter missing \"op\"", prefix, col)
+		return
+	}
+	logicOp := "AND"
+	if lo, ok := raw["logic"].(string); ok && strings.EqualFold(lo, "or") {
+		logicOp = "OR"
+	}
+
+	var fv interface{}
+	if v, ok := raw["value"]; ok {
+		fv = v
+	} else {
+		delete(raw, "op")
+		delete(raw, "logic")
+		fv = raw
+	}
+
+	options.Filters = append(options.Filters, common.FilterOption{
+		Column:        col,
+		Operator:      op,
+		Value:         fv,
+		LogicOperator: logicOp,
+	})
+}
+
 // parseSelectFields parses x-select-fields header
 func (h *Handler) parseSelectFields(options *ExtendedRequestOptions, value string) {
 	if value == "" {
@@ -1365,6 +1458,14 @@ func (h *Handler) ValidateAndAdjustFilterForColumnType(filter *common.FilterOpti
 		return ColumnCastInfo{NeedsCast: false, IsNumericType: false}
 	}
 
+	// Never cast geometry/geography or pgvector columns to TEXT — spatial and
+	// vector operators need the native column type. Also bypass when the
+	// operator itself is spatial/vector (e.g. st_dwithin, l2_within).
+	if common.IsSpatialOperator(filter.Operator) || common.IsVectorOperator(filter.Operator) ||
+		reflection.IsSpatialColumn(model, filter.Column) || reflection.IsVectorColumn(model, filter.Column) {
+		return ColumnCastInfo{NeedsCast: false, IsNumericType: false}
+	}
+
 	colType := reflection.GetColumnTypeFromModel(model, filter.Column)
 	if colType == reflect.Invalid {
 		// Column not found in model, no casting needed

pkg/restheadspec/json_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package restheadspec
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+)
+
+// jsonColModel exercises the JSON-column wiring: Data is a real JSONB column so
+// the dotted "data.x" shorthand is recognised as JSON access.
+type jsonColModel struct {
+	ID   int64              `json:"id" bun:"id,pk"`
+	Name string             `json:"name" bun:"name"`
+	Data spectypes.SqlJSONB `json:"data" bun:"data"`
+}
+
+// jsonCapQuery is a minimal common.SelectQuery that records the string + args of
+// the calls the handler makes so a test can assert on them.
+type jsonCapQuery struct {
+	calls []jsonCapCall
+}
+
+type jsonCapCall struct {
+	method string
+	query  string
+	args   []interface{}
+}
+
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) rec(method, query string, args []interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	m.calls = append(m.calls, jsonCapCall{method: method, query: query, args: args})
+	return m
+}
+
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Model(interface{}) common.SelectQuery { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Table(string) common.SelectQuery      { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Column(cols ...string) common.SelectQuery {
+	for _, c := range cols {
+		m.rec("Column", c, nil)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) ColumnExpr(q string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("ColumnExpr", q, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Where(q string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("Where", q, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) WhereOr(q string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("WhereOr", q, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) WhereIn(col string, values interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("WhereIn", col, []interface{}{values})
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Order(o string) common.SelectQuery { return m.rec("Order", o, nil) }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) OrderExpr(o string, args ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m.rec("OrderExpr", o, args)
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Limit(int) common.SelectQuery                       { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Offset(int) common.SelectQuery                      { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Join(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery     { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) LeftJoin(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Group(string) common.SelectQuery                    { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Having(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery   { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Preload(string, ...interface{}) common.SelectQuery  { return m }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) PreloadRelation(string, ...func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) JoinRelation(string, ...func(common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery) common.SelectQuery {
+	return m
+}
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Scan(context.Context, interface{}) error { return nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) ScanModel(context.Context) error         { return nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Count(context.Context) (int, error)      { return 0, nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) Exists(context.Context) (bool, error)    { return false, nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) GetUnderlyingQuery() interface{}         { return nil }
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) GetModel() interface{}                   { return nil }
+
+func (m *jsonCapQuery) only(t *testing.T) jsonCapCall {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(m.calls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 recorded call, got %d: %+v", len(m.calls), m.calls)
+	}
+	return m.calls[0]
+}
+
+func TestApplyFilter_JSONColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	model := jsonColModel{}
+
+	t.Run("arrow syntax eq", func(t *testing.T) {
+		q := &jsonCapQuery{}
+		h.applyFilter(q, common.FilterOption{
+			Column: "data->>'city'", Operator: "eq", Value: "LA",
+		}, "public.things", false, "AND", model)
+		c := q.only(t)
+		if c.method != "Where" || c.query != `("things"."data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?` {
+			t.Fatalf("call = %+v", c)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(c.args, []interface{}{"{city}", "LA"}) {
+			t.Fatalf("args = %#v", c.args)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("dotted shorthand with numeric cast inference, OR logic", func(t *testing.T) {
+		q := &jsonCapQuery{}
+		h.applyFilter(q, common.FilterOption{
+			Column: "data.age", Operator: "gt", Value: 18,
+		}, "public.things", false, "OR", model)
+		c := q.only(t)
+		if c.method != "WhereOr" || c.query != `(("things"."data" #>> ?::text[]))::numeric > ?` {
+			t.Fatalf("call = %+v", c)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(c.args, []interface{}{"{age}", 18}) {
+			t.Fatalf("args = %#v", c.args)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-JSON column is untouched", func(t *testing.T) {
+		q := &jsonCapQuery{}
+		h.applyFilter(q, common.FilterOption{
+			Column: "name", Operator: "eq", Value: "x",
+		}, "public.things", false, "AND", model)
+		c := q.only(t)
+		if c.query != "things.name = ?" {
+			t.Fatalf("call = %+v", c)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil model: explicit syntax still works, dotted does not", func(t *testing.T) {
+		q := &jsonCapQuery{}
+		h.applyFilter(q, common.FilterOption{
+			Column: "data->>'city'", Operator: "eq", Value: "LA",
+		}, "public.things", false, "AND", nil)
+		if c := q.only(t); c.query != `("things"."data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?` {
+			t.Fatalf("explicit call = %+v", c)
+		}
+
+		q2 := &jsonCapQuery{}
+		h.applyFilter(q2, common.FilterOption{
+			Column: "data.city", Operator: "eq", Value: "LA",
+		}, "public.things", false, "AND", nil)
+		if c := q2.only(t); c.query == `("things"."data" #>> ?::text[]) = ?` {
+			t.Fatalf("dotted shorthand should not resolve without a model: %+v", c)
+		}
+	})
+}

pkg/restheadspec/spatial_filter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package restheadspec
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/common"
+)
+
+func TestBuildFilterCondition_Spatial(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		filter    common.FilterOption
+		wantCond  string
+		wantCount int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "st_dwithin",
+			filter: common.FilterOption{
+				Column:   "geom",
+				Operator: "st_dwithin",
+				Value: map[string]interface{}{
+					"geom":     "SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)",
+					"distance": 1000.0,
+				},
+			},
+			wantCond:  "ST_DWithin(geom, ST_GeomFromEWKT(?), ?)",
+			wantCount: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "st_intersects",
+			filter: common.FilterOption{
+				Column:   "geom",
+				Operator: "st_intersects",
+				Value:    "SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)",
+			},
+			wantCond:  "ST_Intersects(geom, ST_GeomFromEWKT(?))",
+			wantCount: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "l2_within",
+			filter: common.FilterOption{
+				Column:   "embedding",
+				Operator: "l2_within",
+				Value: map[string]interface{}{
+					"vector":   []interface{}{1.0, 2.0},
+					"distance": 0.3,
+				},
+			},
+			wantCond:  "embedding <-> ? < ?",
+			wantCount: 2,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := tt.filter
+			cond, args := h.buildFilterCondition(f.Column, &f, "")
+			if cond != tt.wantCond {
+				t.Errorf("cond = %q, want %q", cond, tt.wantCond)
+			}
+			if len(args) != tt.wantCount {
+				t.Errorf("args = %d, want %d", len(args), tt.wantCount)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseGeoFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	options := &ExtendedRequestOptions{}
+
+	h.parseGeoFilter(options, "x-spatialfilter-geom", "x-spatialfilter-",
+		`{"op":"st_dwithin","geom":"SRID=4326;POINT(0 0)","distance":500}`)
+
+	if len(options.Filters) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 filter, got %d", len(options.Filters))
+	}
+	f := options.Filters[0]
+	if f.Column != "geom" || f.Operator != "st_dwithin" {
+		t.Errorf("filter = %+v", f)
+	}
+	m, ok := f.Value.(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok || m["distance"] != float64(500) {
+		t.Errorf("value = %v", f.Value)
+	}
+	if _, has := m["op"]; has {
+		t.Error("op should be stripped from value map")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseGeoFilter_ExplicitValue(t *testing.T) {
+	h := &Handler{}
+	options := &ExtendedRequestOptions{}
+
+	h.parseGeoFilter(options, "x-vectorfilter-embedding", "x-vectorfilter-",
+		`{"op":"cosine_within","logic":"or","value":{"vector":[1,2,3],"distance":0.2}}`)
+
+	if len(options.Filters) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 filter, got %d", len(options.Filters))
+	}
+	f := options.Filters[0]
+	if f.Operator != "cosine_within" || f.LogicOperator != "OR" {
+		t.Errorf("filter = %+v", f)
+	}
+	if _, ok := f.Value.(map[string]interface{}); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("value type = %T", f.Value)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseFloat32List(t *testing.T) {
+	got := parseFloat32List("[1,2.5,3]")
+	if len(got) != 3 || got[1] != 2.5 {
+		t.Errorf("json array = %v", got)
+	}
+	got = parseFloat32List("1, 2, 3")
+	if len(got) != 3 || got[2] != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("csv = %v", got)
+	}
+	if parseFloat32List("") != nil {
+		t.Error("empty should be nil")
+	}
+}

pkg/spectypes/sql_geo_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"database/sql/driver"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ── PostGIS geometry / geography ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// SqlGeometry is a nullable PostGIS `geometry` column.
+//
+// On Scan it accepts the PostGIS default hex-EWKB text output, a raw GeoJSON
+// object, or a WKT/EWKT string (e.g. when the column is selected via
+// ST_AsGeoJSON / ST_AsText). Internally it holds a canonical GeoJSON geometry
+// object plus the SRID.
+//
+// On Value it emits `SRID=<n>;<WKT>` text. PostGIS registers an implicit
+// text -> geometry cast, so parameterised inserts/updates work without wrapping
+// the placeholder in a constructor function.
+//
+// MarshalJSON emits the GeoJSON geometry object (or null).
+type SqlGeometry struct {
+	GeoJSON json.RawMessage
+	SRID    int
+	Valid   bool
+}
+
+// SqlGeography is identical to SqlGeometry but maps to a PostGIS `geography`
+// column. Coordinates are always lon/lat and the default SRID is 4326.
+type SqlGeography struct {
+	SqlGeometry
+}
+
+func (g *SqlGeometry) Scan(value any) error {
+	if value == nil {
+		g.Valid = false
+		g.GeoJSON = nil
+		g.SRID = 0
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var s string
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		s = v
+	case []byte:
+		s = string(v)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: cannot scan type %T", value)
+	}
+
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if s == "" {
+		g.Valid = false
+		g.GeoJSON = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(s, "{"):
+		// GeoJSON object.
+		if _, err := geoJSONToGeom([]byte(s)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: invalid GeoJSON: %w", err)
+		}
+		g.GeoJSON = json.RawMessage(s)
+		g.Valid = true
+		return nil
+	case isHex(s):
+		gj, srid, err := DecodeEWKBHex(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: %w", err)
+		}
+		g.GeoJSON = gj
+		g.SRID = srid
+		g.Valid = true
+		return nil
+	default:
+		// WKT / EWKT text.
+		srid, wkt := splitEWKT(s)
+		gj, err := wktToGeoJSON(wkt)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: %w", err)
+		}
+		g.GeoJSON = gj
+		g.SRID = srid
+		g.Valid = true
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (g SqlGeometry) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	if !g.Valid || len(g.GeoJSON) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	wkt, err := GeoJSONToWKT(g.GeoJSON)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	srid := g.SRID
+	if srid == 0 {
+		srid = 4326
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("SRID=%d;%s", srid, wkt), nil
+}
+
+func (g SqlGeometry) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if !g.Valid || len(g.GeoJSON) == 0 {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	return g.GeoJSON, nil
+}
+
+func (g *SqlGeometry) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+	if s == "" || s == "null" {
+		g.Valid = false
+		g.GeoJSON = nil
+		g.SRID = 0
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "{") {
+		if _, err := geoJSONToGeom(b); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: invalid GeoJSON: %w", err)
+		}
+		g.GeoJSON = append(json.RawMessage(nil), b...)
+		g.Valid = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// String value: EWKT / WKT / hex-EWKB.
+	var str string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &str); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: cannot unmarshal %s", b)
+	}
+	str = strings.TrimSpace(str)
+	if str == "" {
+		g.Valid = false
+		g.GeoJSON = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	if isHex(str) {
+		gj, srid, err := DecodeEWKBHex(str)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: %w", err)
+		}
+		g.GeoJSON = gj
+		g.SRID = srid
+		g.Valid = true
+		return nil
+	}
+	srid, wkt := splitEWKT(str)
+	gj, err := wktToGeoJSON(wkt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlGeometry: %w", err)
+	}
+	g.GeoJSON = gj
+	g.SRID = srid
+	g.Valid = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WKT returns the geometry as a plain WKT string (no SRID prefix).
+func (g SqlGeometry) WKT() string {
+	if !g.Valid || len(g.GeoJSON) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	wkt, err := GeoJSONToWKT(g.GeoJSON)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return wkt
+}
+
+// EWKT returns the geometry as `SRID=<n>;<WKT>`.
+func (g SqlGeometry) EWKT() string {
+	wkt := g.WKT()
+	if wkt == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	srid := g.SRID
+	if srid == 0 {
+		srid = 4326
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("SRID=%d;%s", srid, wkt)
+}
+
+// NewSqlGeometryFromGeoJSON builds a SqlGeometry from a GeoJSON geometry object.
+func NewSqlGeometryFromGeoJSON(geojson []byte, srid int) (SqlGeometry, error) {
+	if _, err := geoJSONToGeom(geojson); err != nil {
+		return SqlGeometry{}, err
+	}
+	return SqlGeometry{GeoJSON: append(json.RawMessage(nil), geojson...), SRID: srid, Valid: true}, nil
+}
+
+// NewSqlGeometryFromEWKT builds a SqlGeometry from an EWKT or WKT string.
+func NewSqlGeometryFromEWKT(ewkt string) (SqlGeometry, error) {
+	srid, wkt := splitEWKT(strings.TrimSpace(ewkt))
+	gj, err := wktToGeoJSON(wkt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return SqlGeometry{}, err
+	}
+	return SqlGeometry{GeoJSON: gj, SRID: srid, Valid: true}, nil
+}
+
+// ── helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func isHex(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) < 10 || len(s)%2 != 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, err := hex.DecodeString(s)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// splitEWKT separates an optional `SRID=<n>;` prefix from a WKT body.
+func splitEWKT(s string) (srid int, wkt string) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToUpper(s), "SRID=") {
+		if idx := strings.Index(s, ";"); idx > 0 {
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(s[5:idx])); err == nil {
+				return n, strings.TrimSpace(s[idx+1:])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, s
+}
+
+// wktToGeoJSON parses a (subset of) WKT into a GeoJSON geometry object.
+func wktToGeoJSON(wkt string) ([]byte, error) {
+	g, err := parseWKT(wkt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return geomToGeoJSON(g)
+}

pkg/spectypes/sql_geo_types_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// SRID=4326;POINT (1 2)
+const pointHexEWKB = "0101000020E6100000000000000000F03F0000000000000040"
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_ScanHexEWKB(t *testing.T) {
+	var g SqlGeometry
+	if err := g.Scan(pointHexEWKB); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !g.Valid || g.SRID != 4326 {
+		t.Fatalf("got Valid=%v SRID=%d", g.Valid, g.SRID)
+	}
+	if !jsonEqual(t, g.GeoJSON, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("GeoJSON = %s", g.GeoJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_ScanGeoJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	var g SqlGeometry
+	if err := g.Scan(`{"type":"Point","coordinates":[3,4]}`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !g.Valid {
+		t.Fatal("expected valid")
+	}
+	if !jsonEqual(t, g.GeoJSON, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[3,4]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("GeoJSON = %s", g.GeoJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_ScanEWKT(t *testing.T) {
+	var g SqlGeometry
+	if err := g.Scan("SRID=3857;POINT (5 6)"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if g.SRID != 3857 {
+		t.Errorf("SRID = %d, want 3857", g.SRID)
+	}
+	if !jsonEqual(t, g.GeoJSON, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[5,6]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("GeoJSON = %s", g.GeoJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_Value(t *testing.T) {
+	g, err := NewSqlGeometryFromGeoJSON([]byte(`{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`), 4326)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("New: %v", err)
+	}
+	v, err := g.Value()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Value: %v", err)
+	}
+	if v != "SRID=4326;POINT (1 2)" {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v, want SRID=4326;POINT (1 2)", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_ValueDefaultsSRID(t *testing.T) {
+	g, _ := NewSqlGeometryFromGeoJSON([]byte(`{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`), 0)
+	v, _ := g.Value()
+	if v != "SRID=4326;POINT (1 2)" {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	g, _ := NewSqlGeometryFromEWKT("SRID=4326;POINT (1 2)")
+	b, err := json.Marshal(g)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !jsonEqual(t, b, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("json = %s", b)
+	}
+
+	var back SqlGeometry
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"type":"Point","coordinates":[7,8]}`), &back); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !back.Valid || !jsonEqual(t, back.GeoJSON, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[7,8]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("unmarshal = %+v", back)
+	}
+
+	// Unmarshal also accepts an EWKT string.
+	var fromStr SqlGeometry
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`"SRID=4326;POINT(9 10)"`), &fromStr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal string: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !jsonEqual(t, fromStr.GeoJSON, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[9,10]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("fromStr = %s", fromStr.GeoJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeometry_Null(t *testing.T) {
+	var g SqlGeometry
+	if err := g.Scan(nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan(nil): %v", err)
+	}
+	if g.Valid {
+		t.Error("expected invalid")
+	}
+	v, err := g.Value()
+	if err != nil || v != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v, %v", v, err)
+	}
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(g)
+	if string(b) != "null" {
+		t.Errorf("json = %s", b)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlGeography_Embeds(t *testing.T) {
+	var g SqlGeography
+	if err := g.Scan("SRID=4326;POINT (1 2)"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !g.Valid || !jsonEqual(t, g.GeoJSON, `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`) {
+		t.Errorf("geography scan = %+v", g)
+	}
+}

pkg/spectypes/sql_types.go

@@ -336,21 +336,21 @@ type (
 	SqlUUID      = SqlNull[uuid.UUID]
 )
 
-// SqlTimeStamp - Timestamp with custom formatting (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS).
+// SqlTimeStamp - Timestamp serialized as RFC3339 with timezone offset.
 type SqlTimeStamp struct{ SqlNull[time.Time] }
 
 func (t SqlTimeStamp) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	if !t.Valid || t.Val.IsZero() || t.Val.Before(time.Date(0002, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)) {
 		return []byte("null"), nil
 	}
-	return []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`"%s"`, t.Val.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05"))), nil
+	return []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`"%s"`, t.Val.Format(time.RFC3339))), nil
 }
 
 func (t *SqlTimeStamp) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 	if err := t.SqlNull.UnmarshalJSON(b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if t.Valid && (t.Val.IsZero() || t.Val.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05") == "0001-01-01T00:00:00") {
+	if t.Valid && (t.Val.IsZero() || t.Val.Year() <= 1) {
 		t.Valid = false
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ func (t SqlTimeStamp) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
 	if !t.Valid || t.Val.IsZero() || t.Val.Before(time.Date(0002, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)) {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return t.Val.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05"), nil
+	return t.Val.Format(time.RFC3339), nil
 }
 
 func SqlTimeStampNow() SqlTimeStamp {

pkg/spectypes/sql_types_test.go

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func TestSqlTimeStamp_JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Marshal failed: %v", err)
 	}
-	expected := `"2024-01-15T10:30:45"`
+	expected := `"2024-01-15T10:30:45Z"`
 	if string(data) != expected {
 		t.Errorf("expected %s, got %s", expected, string(data))
 	}
@@ -955,4 +955,3 @@ func TestSqlByteArray_Base64_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Round-trip failed: expected %v, got %v", original, b3.Val)
 	}
 }
-

pkg/spectypes/sql_vector_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"database/sql/driver"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// pgvector column types beyond the plain `vector` (SqlVector, in
+// sql_array_types.go): `halfvec`, `sparsevec` and `bit`.
+
+// parseVectorLiteral parses a pgvector dense literal `[1,2,3]` into []float32.
+func parseVectorLiteral(s string) ([]float32, error) {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "[") || !strings.HasSuffix(s, "]") {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not a valid vector literal: %q", s)
+	}
+	inner := strings.TrimSpace(s[1 : len(s)-1])
+	if inner == "" {
+		return []float32{}, nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(inner, ",")
+	out := make([]float32, len(parts))
+	for i, p := range parts {
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(p), 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("vector element %d %q: %w", i, p, err)
+		}
+		out[i] = float32(f)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func formatVectorLiteral(vals []float32) string {
+	parts := make([]string, len(vals))
+	for i, v := range vals {
+		parts[i] = strconv.FormatFloat(float64(v), 'f', -1, 32)
+	}
+	return "[" + strings.Join(parts, ",") + "]"
+}
+
+// ── SqlHalfVector ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// SqlHalfVector is a nullable pgvector `halfvec` (half-precision) column, backed
+// by []float32. Wire format matches `vector`: `[1,2,3]`.
+type SqlHalfVector struct {
+	Val   []float32
+	Valid bool
+}
+
+func (v *SqlHalfVector) Scan(value any) error {
+	if value == nil {
+		v.Valid = false
+		v.Val = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	var s string
+	switch val := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		s = val
+	case []byte:
+		s = string(val)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlHalfVector: cannot scan type %T", value)
+	}
+	parsed, err := parseVectorLiteral(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlHalfVector: %w", err)
+	}
+	v.Val = parsed
+	v.Valid = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v SqlHalfVector) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	if !v.Valid {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return formatVectorLiteral(v.Val), nil
+}
+
+func (v SqlHalfVector) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if !v.Valid {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(v.Val)
+}
+
+func (v *SqlHalfVector) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(string(b)) == "null" {
+		v.Valid = false
+		v.Val = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	var vals []float32
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &vals); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	v.Val = vals
+	v.Valid = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewSqlHalfVector(val []float32) SqlHalfVector {
+	return SqlHalfVector{Val: val, Valid: true}
+}
+
+// ── SqlSparseVector ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// SqlSparseVector is a nullable pgvector `sparsevec` column. Wire format:
+// `{1:0.5,4:0.2}/8` (1-based indices). JSON:
+// `{"dim":8,"indices":[1,4],"values":[0.5,0.2]}`.
+type SqlSparseVector struct {
+	Dim     int
+	Indices []int32
+	Values  []float32
+	Valid   bool
+}
+
+func (v *SqlSparseVector) Scan(value any) error {
+	if value == nil {
+		v.Valid = false
+		v.Dim, v.Indices, v.Values = 0, nil, nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	var s string
+	switch val := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		s = val
+	case []byte:
+		s = string(val)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlSparseVector: cannot scan type %T", value)
+	}
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	slash := strings.LastIndex(s, "/")
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "{") || slash < 0 || !strings.Contains(s[:slash], "}") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlSparseVector: invalid literal %q", s)
+	}
+	dim, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(s[slash+1:]))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlSparseVector: bad dimension: %w", err)
+	}
+	body := strings.TrimSpace(s[1:strings.LastIndex(s, "}")])
+	var idx []int32
+	var vals []float32
+	if body != "" {
+		for _, pair := range strings.Split(body, ",") {
+			kv := strings.SplitN(pair, ":", 2)
+			if len(kv) != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("SqlSparseVector: bad pair %q", pair)
+			}
+			k, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(kv[0]))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("SqlSparseVector: bad index %q: %w", kv[0], err)
+			}
+			f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(kv[1]), 32)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("SqlSparseVector: bad value %q: %w", kv[1], err)
+			}
+			idx = append(idx, int32(k))
+			vals = append(vals, float32(f))
+		}
+	}
+	v.Dim, v.Indices, v.Values, v.Valid = dim, idx, vals, true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v SqlSparseVector) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	if !v.Valid {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	pairs := make([]string, len(v.Indices))
+	for i, k := range v.Indices {
+		val := float32(0)
+		if i < len(v.Values) {
+			val = v.Values[i]
+		}
+		pairs[i] = strconv.Itoa(int(k)) + ":" + strconv.FormatFloat(float64(val), 'f', -1, 32)
+	}
+	return "{" + strings.Join(pairs, ",") + "}/" + strconv.Itoa(v.Dim), nil
+}
+
+type sparseVectorJSON struct {
+	Dim     int       `json:"dim"`
+	Indices []int32   `json:"indices"`
+	Values  []float32 `json:"values"`
+}
+
+func (v SqlSparseVector) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if !v.Valid {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(sparseVectorJSON{Dim: v.Dim, Indices: v.Indices, Values: v.Values})
+}
+
+func (v *SqlSparseVector) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(string(b)) == "null" {
+		v.Valid = false
+		v.Dim, v.Indices, v.Values = 0, nil, nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	var j sparseVectorJSON
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &j); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	v.Dim, v.Indices, v.Values, v.Valid = j.Dim, j.Indices, j.Values, true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewSqlSparseVector(dim int, indices []int32, values []float32) SqlSparseVector {
+	return SqlSparseVector{Dim: dim, Indices: indices, Values: values, Valid: true}
+}
+
+// ── SqlBitVector ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// SqlBitVector is a nullable Postgres `bit(n)` / `varbit` column (used by
+// pgvector for Hamming/Jaccard distance), backed by []bool. Wire format: a
+// string of '0'/'1' characters. JSON: a bool array.
+type SqlBitVector struct {
+	Val   []bool
+	Valid bool
+}
+
+func (v *SqlBitVector) Scan(value any) error {
+	if value == nil {
+		v.Valid = false
+		v.Val = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	var s string
+	switch val := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		s = val
+	case []byte:
+		s = string(val)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("SqlBitVector: cannot scan type %T", value)
+	}
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	out := make([]bool, len(s))
+	for i, c := range s {
+		switch c {
+		case '1':
+			out[i] = true
+		case '0':
+			out[i] = false
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("SqlBitVector: invalid bit %q", string(c))
+		}
+	}
+	v.Val = out
+	v.Valid = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v SqlBitVector) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	if !v.Valid {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(v.Val))
+	for _, bit := range v.Val {
+		if bit {
+			b.WriteByte('1')
+		} else {
+			b.WriteByte('0')
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
+func (v SqlBitVector) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if !v.Valid {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(v.Val)
+}
+
+func (v *SqlBitVector) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+	if s == "null" {
+		v.Valid = false
+		v.Val = nil
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Accept both a bool array and a "0101" string.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "\"") {
+		var str string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &str); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return v.Scan(str)
+	}
+	var vals []bool
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &vals); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	v.Val = vals
+	v.Valid = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func NewSqlBitVector(val []bool) SqlBitVector {
+	return SqlBitVector{Val: val, Valid: true}
+}

pkg/spectypes/sql_vector_types_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSqlHalfVector_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	v := NewSqlHalfVector([]float32{1, 2.5, -3})
+
+	dv, err := v.Value()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Value: %v", err)
+	}
+	if dv != "[1,2.5,-3]" {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v, want [1,2.5,-3]", dv)
+	}
+
+	var back SqlHalfVector
+	if err := back.Scan(dv.(string)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !back.Valid || !reflect.DeepEqual(back.Val, v.Val) {
+		t.Errorf("Scan = %+v, want %+v", back, v)
+	}
+
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(b) != "[1,2.5,-3]" {
+		t.Errorf("json = %s, want [1,2.5,-3]", b)
+	}
+
+	var fromJSON SqlHalfVector
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &fromJSON); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(fromJSON.Val, v.Val) {
+		t.Errorf("json round-trip = %+v", fromJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlHalfVector_Null(t *testing.T) {
+	var v SqlHalfVector
+	if err := v.Scan(nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan(nil): %v", err)
+	}
+	if v.Valid {
+		t.Error("expected invalid after Scan(nil)")
+	}
+	dv, err := v.Value()
+	if err != nil || dv != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v, %v; want nil, nil", dv, err)
+	}
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(v)
+	if string(b) != "null" {
+		t.Errorf("json = %s, want null", b)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlSparseVector_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	v := NewSqlSparseVector(8, []int32{1, 4}, []float32{0.5, 0.2})
+
+	dv, err := v.Value()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Value: %v", err)
+	}
+	if dv != "{1:0.5,4:0.2}/8" {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v, want {1:0.5,4:0.2}/8", dv)
+	}
+
+	var back SqlSparseVector
+	if err := back.Scan(dv.(string)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if back.Dim != 8 || !reflect.DeepEqual(back.Indices, []int32{1, 4}) ||
+		!reflect.DeepEqual(back.Values, []float32{0.5, 0.2}) {
+		t.Errorf("Scan = %+v", back)
+	}
+
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	want := `{"dim":8,"indices":[1,4],"values":[0.5,0.2]}`
+	if string(b) != want {
+		t.Errorf("json = %s, want %s", b, want)
+	}
+
+	var fromJSON SqlSparseVector
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(want), &fromJSON); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if fromJSON.Dim != 8 || !fromJSON.Valid {
+		t.Errorf("json round-trip = %+v", fromJSON)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlSparseVector_ScanInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	var v SqlSparseVector
+	for _, s := range []string{"[1,2,3]", "{1:0.5}", "{1:0.5}/x", "bad"} {
+		if err := v.Scan(s); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Scan(%q) expected error", s)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlBitVector_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	v := NewSqlBitVector([]bool{true, false, true, true})
+
+	dv, err := v.Value()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Value: %v", err)
+	}
+	if dv != "1011" {
+		t.Errorf("Value = %v, want 1011", dv)
+	}
+
+	var back SqlBitVector
+	if err := back.Scan("1011"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(back.Val, v.Val) {
+		t.Errorf("Scan = %+v", back)
+	}
+
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(v)
+	if string(b) != "[true,false,true,true]" {
+		t.Errorf("json = %s", b)
+	}
+
+	// JSON also accepts a "0101" string.
+	var fromStr SqlBitVector
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`"1011"`), &fromStr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unmarshal string: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(fromStr.Val, v.Val) {
+		t.Errorf("string json = %+v", fromStr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSqlBitVector_ScanInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	var v SqlBitVector
+	if err := v.Scan("1021"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error for invalid bit")
+	}
+}

pkg/spectypes/type_names.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// pkgPath is the import path of this package, used to recognise spectypes
+// wrappers by reflection.
+const pkgPath = "github.com/bitechdev/ResolveSpec/pkg/spectypes"
+
+// canonicalSQLNames maps a spectypes wrapper type name to the PostgreSQL type
+// name it represents. Dimensioned types (vector(1536), geometry(Point,4326))
+// still need a gorm/bun `type:` tag for the full declaration — this is the
+// fallback used for metadata and OpenAPI when no tag is present.
+var canonicalSQLNames = map[string]string{
+	"SqlVector":       "vector",
+	"SqlHalfVector":   "halfvec",
+	"SqlSparseVector": "sparsevec",
+	"SqlBitVector":    "bit",
+	"SqlGeometry":     "geometry",
+	"SqlGeography":    "geography",
+	"SqlJSONB":        "jsonb",
+	"SqlStringArray":  "text[]",
+	"SqlInt16Array":   "smallint[]",
+	"SqlInt32Array":   "integer[]",
+	"SqlInt64Array":   "bigint[]",
+	"SqlFloat32Array": "real[]",
+	"SqlFloat64Array": "double precision[]",
+	"SqlBoolArray":    "boolean[]",
+	"SqlUUIDArray":    "uuid[]",
+	"SqlDate":         "date",
+	"SqlTime":         "time",
+	"SqlTimeStamp":    "timestamp",
+}
+
+// sqlNullElemNames maps the element type of a SqlNull[T] alias to a PG type name.
+var sqlNullElemNames = map[string]string{
+	"int16":     "smallint",
+	"int32":     "integer",
+	"int64":     "bigint",
+	"float64":   "double precision",
+	"bool":      "boolean",
+	"string":    "text",
+	"[]uint8":   "bytea",
+	"uuid.UUID": "uuid",
+	"Time":      "timestamp",
+}
+
+// SQLTypeName returns the canonical PostgreSQL type name for a spectypes wrapper
+// type, or ("", false) if t is not a recognised spectypes type.
+func SQLTypeName(t reflect.Type) (string, bool) {
+	for t != nil && t.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		t = t.Elem()
+	}
+	if t == nil || t.PkgPath() != pkgPath {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	name := t.Name()
+	if n, ok := canonicalSQLNames[name]; ok {
+		return n, true
+	}
+
+	// SqlNull[T] aliases, e.g. "SqlNull[int16]", "SqlNull[uuid.UUID]".
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "SqlNull[") && strings.HasSuffix(name, "]") {
+		elem := name[len("SqlNull[") : len(name)-1]
+		if idx := strings.LastIndex(elem, "."); idx >= 0 {
+			// keep last path segment, e.g. "github.com/google/uuid.UUID" -> "uuid.UUID"
+			if slash := strings.LastIndex(elem[:idx], "/"); slash >= 0 {
+				elem = elem[slash+1:]
+			}
+		}
+		if n, ok := sqlNullElemNames[elem]; ok {
+			return n, true
+		}
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// IsSpatialType reports whether t is a PostGIS geometry/geography wrapper.
+func IsSpatialType(t reflect.Type) bool {
+	n, ok := SQLTypeName(t)
+	return ok && (n == "geometry" || n == "geography")
+}
+
+// IsVectorType reports whether t is a pgvector wrapper (vector/halfvec/sparsevec).
+func IsVectorType(t reflect.Type) bool {
+	n, ok := SQLTypeName(t)
+	return ok && (n == "vector" || n == "halfvec" || n == "sparsevec")
+}
+
+// IsJSONType reports whether t is a spectypes JSON/JSONB wrapper.
+func IsJSONType(t reflect.Type) bool {
+	n, ok := SQLTypeName(t)
+	return ok && (n == "jsonb" || n == "json")
+}

pkg/spectypes/type_names_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSQLTypeName(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		val  any
+		want string
+	}{
+		{SqlVector{}, "vector"},
+		{SqlHalfVector{}, "halfvec"},
+		{SqlSparseVector{}, "sparsevec"},
+		{SqlBitVector{}, "bit"},
+		{SqlGeometry{}, "geometry"},
+		{SqlGeography{}, "geography"},
+		{SqlJSONB{}, "jsonb"},
+		{SqlStringArray{}, "text[]"},
+		{SqlString{}, "text"},
+		{SqlInt64{}, "bigint"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		got, ok := SQLTypeName(reflect.TypeOf(c.val))
+		if !ok || got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("SQLTypeName(%T) = %q, %v; want %q", c.val, got, ok, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Pointer is unwrapped.
+	if got, ok := SQLTypeName(reflect.TypeOf(&SqlGeometry{})); !ok || got != "geometry" {
+		t.Errorf("pointer: got %q, %v", got, ok)
+	}
+
+	// Non-spectypes type.
+	if _, ok := SQLTypeName(reflect.TypeOf("")); ok {
+		t.Error("expected false for string")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSpatialType(t *testing.T) {
+	if !IsSpatialType(reflect.TypeOf(SqlGeometry{})) {
+		t.Error("SqlGeometry should be spatial")
+	}
+	if !IsSpatialType(reflect.TypeOf(SqlGeography{})) {
+		t.Error("SqlGeography should be spatial")
+	}
+	if IsSpatialType(reflect.TypeOf(SqlVector{})) {
+		t.Error("SqlVector should not be spatial")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsJSONType(t *testing.T) {
+	if !IsJSONType(reflect.TypeOf(SqlJSONB{})) {
+		t.Error("SqlJSONB should be a JSON type")
+	}
+	if !IsJSONType(reflect.TypeOf(&SqlJSONB{})) {
+		t.Error("*SqlJSONB should be a JSON type (pointer unwrapped)")
+	}
+	for _, v := range []any{SqlGeometry{}, SqlVector{}, SqlString{}, SqlStringArray{}, ""} {
+		if IsJSONType(reflect.TypeOf(v)) {
+			t.Errorf("%T should not be a JSON type", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsVectorType(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, v := range []any{SqlVector{}, SqlHalfVector{}, SqlSparseVector{}} {
+		if !IsVectorType(reflect.TypeOf(v)) {
+			t.Errorf("%T should be vector", v)
+		}
+	}
+	if IsVectorType(reflect.TypeOf(SqlBitVector{})) {
+		t.Error("SqlBitVector is not a vector type")
+	}
+	if IsVectorType(reflect.TypeOf(SqlGeometry{})) {
+		t.Error("SqlGeometry is not a vector type")
+	}
+}

pkg/spectypes/wkb.go

@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Minimal self-contained EWKB (PostGIS extended WKB) <-> GeoJSON / WKT codec.
+// Supports 2D and 3D (Z) geometries of type Point, LineString, Polygon,
+// MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon and GeometryCollection. The M
+// dimension is parsed but dropped (GeoJSON has no M). SRID is tracked separately
+// from the GeoJSON payload (GeoJSON assumes CRS84 / EPSG:4326).
+
+// EWKB type flag bits (PostGIS).
+const (
+	ewkbZ    = 0x80000000
+	ewkbM    = 0x40000000
+	ewkbSRID = 0x20000000
+)
+
+// geom is the intermediate geometry representation used by the codec.
+//
+//	Point               -> coord  ([]float64, len 2 or 3)
+//	LineString/MultiPt   -> line   ([][]float64)
+//	Polygon/MultiLine    -> poly   ([][][]float64)
+//	MultiPolygon         -> multi  ([][][][]float64)
+//	GeometryCollection   -> geoms  ([]geom)
+type geom struct {
+	typ   string
+	coord []float64
+	line  [][]float64
+	poly  [][][]float64
+	multi [][][][]float64
+	geoms []geom
+}
+
+// wkbReader consumes an EWKB byte stream.
+type wkbReader struct {
+	buf []byte
+	pos int
+}
+
+func (r *wkbReader) readByte() (byte, error) {
+	if r.pos >= len(r.buf) {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("wkb: unexpected end of input")
+	}
+	b := r.buf[r.pos]
+	r.pos++
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+func (r *wkbReader) readUint32(bo binary.ByteOrder) (uint32, error) {
+	if r.pos+4 > len(r.buf) {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("wkb: unexpected end of input")
+	}
+	v := bo.Uint32(r.buf[r.pos:])
+	r.pos += 4
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+func (r *wkbReader) readFloat64(bo binary.ByteOrder) (float64, error) {
+	if r.pos+8 > len(r.buf) {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("wkb: unexpected end of input")
+	}
+	v := math.Float64frombits(bo.Uint64(r.buf[r.pos:]))
+	r.pos += 8
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+// DecodeEWKBHex decodes a PostGIS hex-EWKB string (the default text
+// representation of a geometry column) into a GeoJSON geometry object and its
+// SRID. An SRID of 0 means "unspecified".
+func DecodeEWKBHex(s string) (geojson []byte, srid int, err error) {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	raw, err := hex.DecodeString(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("wkb: invalid hex: %w", err)
+	}
+	return DecodeEWKB(raw)
+}
+
+// DecodeEWKB decodes raw PostGIS EWKB bytes into a GeoJSON geometry object and
+// its SRID.
+func DecodeEWKB(raw []byte) (geojson []byte, srid int, err error) {
+	r := &wkbReader{buf: raw}
+	g, sr, err := readGeom(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	out, err := geomToGeoJSON(g)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return out, sr, nil
+}
+
+func readGeom(r *wkbReader) (geom, int, error) {
+	order, err := r.readByte()
+	if err != nil {
+		return geom{}, 0, err
+	}
+	var bo binary.ByteOrder
+	switch order {
+	case 0:
+		bo = binary.BigEndian
+	case 1:
+		bo = binary.LittleEndian
+	default:
+		return geom{}, 0, fmt.Errorf("wkb: invalid byte order %d", order)
+	}
+
+	rawType, err := r.readUint32(bo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return geom{}, 0, err
+	}
+	hasZ := rawType&ewkbZ != 0
+	hasM := rawType&ewkbM != 0
+	hasSRID := rawType&ewkbSRID != 0
+	baseType := rawType & 0xff
+
+	srid := 0
+	if hasSRID {
+		s, err := r.readUint32(bo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, 0, err
+		}
+		srid = int(s)
+	}
+
+	dims := 2
+	if hasZ {
+		dims = 3
+	}
+	// M is consumed but not retained.
+	stride := dims
+	if hasM {
+		stride++
+	}
+
+	readCoord := func() ([]float64, error) {
+		c := make([]float64, 0, dims)
+		for i := 0; i < stride; i++ {
+			v, err := r.readFloat64(bo)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if i < dims {
+				c = append(c, v)
+			}
+		}
+		return c, nil
+	}
+	readLine := func() ([][]float64, error) {
+		n, err := r.readUint32(bo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		pts := make([][]float64, n)
+		for i := range pts {
+			pts[i], err = readCoord()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return pts, nil
+	}
+	readPoly := func() ([][][]float64, error) {
+		n, err := r.readUint32(bo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		rings := make([][][]float64, n)
+		for i := range rings {
+			rings[i], err = readLine()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return rings, nil
+	}
+
+	switch baseType {
+	case 1: // Point
+		c, err := readCoord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, 0, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "Point", coord: c}, srid, nil
+	case 2: // LineString
+		l, err := readLine()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, 0, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "LineString", line: l}, srid, nil
+	case 3: // Polygon
+		p, err := readPoly()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, 0, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "Polygon", poly: p}, srid, nil
+	case 4, 5, 6: // Multi*
+		n, err := r.readUint32(bo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, 0, err
+		}
+		parts := make([]geom, n)
+		for i := range parts {
+			sub, _, err := readGeom(r)
+			if err != nil {
+				return geom{}, 0, err
+			}
+			parts[i] = sub
+		}
+		switch baseType {
+		case 4:
+			pts := make([][]float64, len(parts))
+			for i := range parts {
+				pts[i] = parts[i].coord
+			}
+			return geom{typ: "MultiPoint", line: pts}, srid, nil
+		case 5:
+			lines := make([][][]float64, len(parts))
+			for i := range parts {
+				lines[i] = parts[i].line
+			}
+			return geom{typ: "MultiLineString", poly: lines}, srid, nil
+		default:
+			polys := make([][][][]float64, len(parts))
+			for i := range parts {
+				polys[i] = parts[i].poly
+			}
+			return geom{typ: "MultiPolygon", multi: polys}, srid, nil
+		}
+	case 7: // GeometryCollection
+		n, err := r.readUint32(bo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, 0, err
+		}
+		parts := make([]geom, n)
+		for i := range parts {
+			sub, _, err := readGeom(r)
+			if err != nil {
+				return geom{}, 0, err
+			}
+			parts[i] = sub
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "GeometryCollection", geoms: parts}, srid, nil
+	default:
+		return geom{}, 0, fmt.Errorf("wkb: unsupported geometry type %d", baseType)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── GeoJSON ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type geoJSON struct {
+	Type        string          `json:"type"`
+	Coordinates json.RawMessage `json:"coordinates,omitempty"`
+	Geometries  []geoJSON       `json:"geometries,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func geomToGeoJSON(g geom) ([]byte, error) {
+	gj, err := geomToGeoJSONStruct(g)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(gj)
+}
+
+func geomToGeoJSONStruct(g geom) (geoJSON, error) {
+	var coords any
+	switch g.typ {
+	case "Point":
+		coords = g.coord
+	case "LineString", "MultiPoint":
+		coords = g.line
+	case "Polygon", "MultiLineString":
+		coords = g.poly
+	case "MultiPolygon":
+		coords = g.multi
+	case "GeometryCollection":
+		subs := make([]geoJSON, len(g.geoms))
+		for i := range g.geoms {
+			s, err := geomToGeoJSONStruct(g.geoms[i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return geoJSON{}, err
+			}
+			subs[i] = s
+		}
+		return geoJSON{Type: "GeometryCollection", Geometries: subs}, nil
+	default:
+		return geoJSON{}, fmt.Errorf("wkb: cannot encode geometry type %q", g.typ)
+	}
+	rc, err := json.Marshal(coords)
+	if err != nil {
+		return geoJSON{}, err
+	}
+	return geoJSON{Type: g.typ, Coordinates: rc}, nil
+}
+
+func geoJSONToGeom(data []byte) (geom, error) {
+	var gj geoJSON
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &gj); err != nil {
+		return geom{}, fmt.Errorf("geojson: %w", err)
+	}
+	return geoJSONStructToGeom(gj)
+}
+
+func geoJSONStructToGeom(gj geoJSON) (geom, error) {
+	switch gj.Type {
+	case "Point":
+		var c []float64
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(gj.Coordinates, &c); err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "Point", coord: c}, nil
+	case "LineString", "MultiPoint":
+		var l [][]float64
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(gj.Coordinates, &l); err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: gj.Type, line: l}, nil
+	case "Polygon", "MultiLineString":
+		var p [][][]float64
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(gj.Coordinates, &p); err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: gj.Type, poly: p}, nil
+	case "MultiPolygon":
+		var m [][][][]float64
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(gj.Coordinates, &m); err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: gj.Type, multi: m}, nil
+	case "GeometryCollection":
+		subs := make([]geom, len(gj.Geometries))
+		for i, s := range gj.Geometries {
+			g, err := geoJSONStructToGeom(s)
+			if err != nil {
+				return geom{}, err
+			}
+			subs[i] = g
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "GeometryCollection", geoms: subs}, nil
+	default:
+		return geom{}, fmt.Errorf("geojson: unsupported type %q", gj.Type)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── WKT ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// GeoJSONToWKT converts a GeoJSON geometry object to its WKT representation.
+func GeoJSONToWKT(geojson []byte) (string, error) {
+	g, err := geoJSONToGeom(geojson)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return geomToWKT(g)
+}
+
+func fmtNum(f float64) string {
+	return strconv.FormatFloat(f, 'f', -1, 64)
+}
+
+func coordWKT(c []float64) string {
+	parts := make([]string, len(c))
+	for i, v := range c {
+		parts[i] = fmtNum(v)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, " ")
+}
+
+func lineWKT(pts [][]float64) string {
+	parts := make([]string, len(pts))
+	for i, p := range pts {
+		parts[i] = coordWKT(p)
+	}
+	return "(" + strings.Join(parts, ", ") + ")"
+}
+
+func polyWKT(rings [][][]float64) string {
+	parts := make([]string, len(rings))
+	for i, r := range rings {
+		parts[i] = lineWKT(r)
+	}
+	return "(" + strings.Join(parts, ", ") + ")"
+}
+
+// ── WKT parsing ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// parseWKT parses a subset of WKT (2D/3D, no M) into the intermediate geom.
+func parseWKT(s string) (geom, error) {
+	p := &wktParser{s: s}
+	p.skipSpace()
+	g, err := p.parseGeom()
+	if err != nil {
+		return geom{}, err
+	}
+	p.skipSpace()
+	if p.pos != len(p.s) {
+		return geom{}, fmt.Errorf("wkt: trailing input %q", p.s[p.pos:])
+	}
+	return g, nil
+}
+
+type wktParser struct {
+	s   string
+	pos int
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) skipSpace() {
+	for p.pos < len(p.s) && (p.s[p.pos] == ' ' || p.s[p.pos] == '\t' || p.s[p.pos] == '\n' || p.s[p.pos] == '\r') {
+		p.pos++
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) parseGeom() (geom, error) {
+	p.skipSpace()
+	start := p.pos
+	for p.pos < len(p.s) && (p.s[p.pos] >= 'A' && p.s[p.pos] <= 'Z' || p.s[p.pos] >= 'a' && p.s[p.pos] <= 'z') {
+		p.pos++
+	}
+	kw := strings.ToUpper(p.s[start:p.pos])
+	p.skipSpace()
+	// Optional Z / M / ZM dimension tag — coordinates carry their own arity.
+	if p.pos < len(p.s) && (p.s[p.pos] == 'Z' || p.s[p.pos] == 'M' || p.s[p.pos] == 'z' || p.s[p.pos] == 'm') {
+		for p.pos < len(p.s) && p.s[p.pos] != '(' {
+			p.pos++
+		}
+	}
+	p.skipSpace()
+
+	switch kw {
+	case "POINT":
+		pts, err := p.parseCoordList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		if len(pts) != 1 {
+			return geom{}, fmt.Errorf("wkt: POINT needs exactly one coordinate")
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "Point", coord: pts[0]}, nil
+	case "LINESTRING":
+		pts, err := p.parseCoordList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "LineString", line: pts}, nil
+	case "MULTIPOINT":
+		pts, err := p.parseMultiPoint()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "MultiPoint", line: pts}, nil
+	case "POLYGON":
+		rings, err := p.parseRingList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "Polygon", poly: rings}, nil
+	case "MULTILINESTRING":
+		lines, err := p.parseRingList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "MultiLineString", poly: lines}, nil
+	case "MULTIPOLYGON":
+		polys, err := p.parsePolyList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		return geom{typ: "MultiPolygon", multi: polys}, nil
+	case "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION":
+		return p.parseCollection()
+	default:
+		return geom{}, fmt.Errorf("wkt: unsupported geometry %q", kw)
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) expect(c byte) error {
+	p.skipSpace()
+	if p.pos >= len(p.s) || p.s[p.pos] != c {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wkt: expected %q at offset %d", string(c), p.pos)
+	}
+	p.pos++
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) peek() byte {
+	p.skipSpace()
+	if p.pos >= len(p.s) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return p.s[p.pos]
+}
+
+// parseCoordList parses `(x y[, x y]...)`.
+func (p *wktParser) parseCoordList() ([][]float64, error) {
+	if err := p.expect('('); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var out [][]float64
+	for {
+		c, err := p.parseCoord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, c)
+		if p.peek() == ',' {
+			p.pos++
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if err := p.expect(')'); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) parseCoord() ([]float64, error) {
+	p.skipSpace()
+	// Some MULTIPOINT forms wrap each coord in parentheses.
+	wrapped := false
+	if p.peek() == '(' {
+		p.pos++
+		wrapped = true
+	}
+	var nums []float64
+	for {
+		p.skipSpace()
+		start := p.pos
+		for p.pos < len(p.s) {
+			ch := p.s[p.pos]
+			if ch == '-' || ch == '+' || ch == '.' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'E' || (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
+				p.pos++
+				continue
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		if p.pos == start {
+			break
+		}
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(p.s[start:p.pos], 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("wkt: bad number %q", p.s[start:p.pos])
+		}
+		nums = append(nums, f)
+		p.skipSpace()
+		if p.pos < len(p.s) && p.s[p.pos] == ' ' {
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+	if wrapped {
+		if err := p.expect(')'); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if len(nums) < 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wkt: coordinate needs at least 2 numbers")
+	}
+	if len(nums) > 3 {
+		nums = nums[:3]
+	}
+	return nums, nil
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) parseMultiPoint() ([][]float64, error) {
+	if err := p.expect('('); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var out [][]float64
+	for {
+		c, err := p.parseCoord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, c)
+		if p.peek() == ',' {
+			p.pos++
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if err := p.expect(')'); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// parseRingList parses `((x y, ...), (...))`.
+func (p *wktParser) parseRingList() ([][][]float64, error) {
+	if err := p.expect('('); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var out [][][]float64
+	for {
+		ring, err := p.parseCoordList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, ring)
+		if p.peek() == ',' {
+			p.pos++
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if err := p.expect(')'); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// parsePolyList parses `(((...)), ((...)))`.
+func (p *wktParser) parsePolyList() ([][][][]float64, error) {
+	if err := p.expect('('); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var out [][][][]float64
+	for {
+		poly, err := p.parseRingList()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, poly)
+		if p.peek() == ',' {
+			p.pos++
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if err := p.expect(')'); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (p *wktParser) parseCollection() (geom, error) {
+	if err := p.expect('('); err != nil {
+		return geom{}, err
+	}
+	var subs []geom
+	for {
+		g, err := p.parseGeom()
+		if err != nil {
+			return geom{}, err
+		}
+		subs = append(subs, g)
+		if p.peek() == ',' {
+			p.pos++
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if err := p.expect(')'); err != nil {
+		return geom{}, err
+	}
+	return geom{typ: "GeometryCollection", geoms: subs}, nil
+}
+
+func geomToWKT(g geom) (string, error) {
+	switch g.typ {
+	case "Point":
+		return "POINT (" + coordWKT(g.coord) + ")", nil
+	case "LineString":
+		return "LINESTRING " + lineWKT(g.line), nil
+	case "MultiPoint":
+		return "MULTIPOINT " + lineWKT(g.line), nil
+	case "Polygon":
+		return "POLYGON " + polyWKT(g.poly), nil
+	case "MultiLineString":
+		return "MULTILINESTRING " + polyWKT(g.poly), nil
+	case "MultiPolygon":
+		parts := make([]string, len(g.multi))
+		for i, p := range g.multi {
+			parts[i] = polyWKT(p)
+		}
+		return "MULTIPOLYGON (" + strings.Join(parts, ", ") + ")", nil
+	case "GeometryCollection":
+		parts := make([]string, len(g.geoms))
+		for i := range g.geoms {
+			w, err := geomToWKT(g.geoms[i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			parts[i] = w
+		}
+		return "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (" + strings.Join(parts, ", ") + ")", nil
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("wkt: cannot encode geometry type %q", g.typ)
+	}
+}

pkg/spectypes/wkb_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package spectypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDecodeEWKBHex(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		hex      string
+		wantSRID int
+		wantJSON string
+	}{
+		{
+			// SRID=4326;POINT(1 2)
+			name:     "point with srid",
+			hex:      "0101000020E6100000000000000000F03F0000000000000040",
+			wantSRID: 4326,
+			wantJSON: `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`,
+		},
+		{
+			// POINT(1 2) no SRID, little endian
+			name:     "point no srid",
+			hex:      "0101000000000000000000F03F0000000000000040",
+			wantSRID: 0,
+			wantJSON: `{"type":"Point","coordinates":[1,2]}`,
+		},
+		{
+			// SRID=4326;LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 2 2)
+			name: "linestring",
+			hex: "0102000020E610000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" +
+				"00F03F000000000000F03F00000000000000400000000000000040",
+			wantSRID: 4326,
+			wantJSON: `{"type":"LineString","coordinates":[[0,0],[1,1],[2,2]]}`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			gj, srid, err := DecodeEWKBHex(tt.hex)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("DecodeEWKBHex: %v", err)
+			}
+			if srid != tt.wantSRID {
+				t.Errorf("srid = %d, want %d", srid, tt.wantSRID)
+			}
+			if !jsonEqual(t, gj, tt.wantJSON) {
+				t.Errorf("geojson = %s, want %s", gj, tt.wantJSON)
+			}
+			// Round-trip through WKT parser.
+			wkt, err := GeoJSONToWKT(gj)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("GeoJSONToWKT: %v", err)
+			}
+			gj2, err := wktToGeoJSON(wkt)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("wktToGeoJSON(%q): %v", wkt, err)
+			}
+			if !jsonEqual(t, gj2, tt.wantJSON) {
+				t.Errorf("round-trip geojson = %s, want %s", gj2, tt.wantJSON)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWKTPolygon(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `POLYGON ((0 0, 4 0, 4 4, 0 4, 0 0), (1 1, 2 1, 2 2, 1 2, 1 1))`
+	gj, err := wktToGeoJSON(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wktToGeoJSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	want := `{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[0,0],[4,0],[4,4],[0,4],[0,0]],[[1,1],[2,1],[2,2],[1,2],[1,1]]]}`
+	if !jsonEqual(t, gj, want) {
+		t.Errorf("geojson = %s, want %s", gj, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func jsonEqual(t *testing.T, got []byte, want string) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	var a, b any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(got, &a); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal got %s: %v", got, err)
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(want), &b); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal want %s: %v", want, err)
+	}
+	ab, _ := json.Marshal(a)
+	bb, _ := json.Marshal(b)
+	return string(ab) == string(bb)
+}

pkg/websocketspec/handler.go

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ func (h *Handler) readByID(hookCtx *HookContext) (interface{}, error) {
 
 	// Apply columns
 	if hookCtx.Options != nil && len(hookCtx.Options.Columns) > 0 {
-		query = query.Column(hookCtx.Options.Columns...)
+		query = common.ApplySelectColumns(query, hookCtx.Model, "", hookCtx.Options.Columns)
 	}
 
 	// Apply preloads (simplified for now)
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 	// Apply options (simplified implementation)
 	if hookCtx.Options != nil {
 		// Apply filters with OR grouping support
-		query = h.applyFilters(query, hookCtx.Options.Filters)
+		query = h.applyFilters(query, hookCtx.Options.Filters, hookCtx.Model)
 
 		// Apply sorting
 		for _, sort := range hookCtx.Options.Sort {
@@ -614,6 +614,10 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 			if sort.Direction == "desc" {
 				direction = "DESC"
 			}
+			if expr, jargs, _, ok := common.ResolveJSONColumnExpr(hookCtx.Model, "", sort.Column); ok {
+				query = query.OrderExpr(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", expr, direction), jargs...)
+				continue
+			}
 			query = query.Order(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", sort.Column, direction))
 		}
 
@@ -632,7 +636,7 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 
 		// Apply columns
 		if len(hookCtx.Options.Columns) > 0 {
-			query = query.Column(hookCtx.Options.Columns...)
+			query = common.ApplySelectColumns(query, hookCtx.Model, "", hookCtx.Options.Columns)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -665,7 +669,7 @@ func (h *Handler) readMultiple(hookCtx *HookContext) (data interface{}, metadata
 	countQuery := h.db.NewSelect().Model(hookCtx.ModelPtr).Table(hookCtx.TableName)
 	if hookCtx.Options != nil {
 		for _, filter := range hookCtx.Options.Filters {
-			cond, args := h.buildFilterCondition(filter)
+			cond, args := h.buildFilterCondition(filter, hookCtx.Model)
 			if cond != "" {
 				countQuery = countQuery.Where(cond, args...)
 			}
@@ -776,7 +780,7 @@ func (h *Handler) getMetadata(schema, entity string, model interface{}) map[stri
 // getOperatorSQL converts filter operator to SQL operator
 // applyFilters applies all filters with proper grouping for OR logic
 // Groups consecutive OR filters together to ensure proper query precedence
-func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	if len(filters) == 0 {
 		return query
 	}
@@ -796,11 +800,11 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Filter
 			}
 
 			// Apply the OR group as a single grouped WHERE clause
-			query = h.applyFilterGroup(query, orGroup)
+			query = h.applyFilterGroup(query, orGroup, model)
 			i = j
 		} else {
 			// Single filter with AND logic (or first filter)
-			condition, args := h.buildFilterCondition(filters[i])
+			condition, args := h.buildFilterCondition(filters[i], model)
 			if condition != "" {
 				query = query.Where(condition, args...)
 			}
@@ -813,7 +817,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilters(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Filter
 
 // applyFilterGroup applies a group of filters that should be OR'd together
 // Always wraps them in parentheses and applies as a single WHERE clause
-func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption) common.SelectQuery {
+func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.FilterOption, model interface{}) common.SelectQuery {
 	if len(filters) == 0 {
 		return query
 	}
@@ -823,7 +827,7 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Fi
 	var args []interface{}
 
 	for _, filter := range filters {
-		condition, filterArgs := h.buildFilterCondition(filter)
+		condition, filterArgs := h.buildFilterCondition(filter, model)
 		if condition != "" {
 			conditions = append(conditions, condition)
 			args = append(args, filterArgs...)
@@ -844,8 +848,14 @@ func (h *Handler) applyFilterGroup(query common.SelectQuery, filters []common.Fi
 	return query.Where(groupedCondition, args...)
 }
 
-// buildFilterCondition builds a filter condition and returns it with args
-func (h *Handler) buildFilterCondition(filter common.FilterOption) (conditionString string, conditionArgs []interface{}) {
+// buildFilterCondition builds a filter condition and returns it with args.
+// model, when non-nil, lets JSON sub-field references (data->>'x', data#>>'{a,b}',
+// or the dotted data.x shorthand for a JSON column) resolve to a safe,
+// parameterised expression before the ordinary operator handling below.
+func (h *Handler) buildFilterCondition(filter common.FilterOption, model interface{}) (conditionString string, conditionArgs []interface{}) {
+	if cond, jargs, ok := common.BuildJSONFilterCondition(model, "", filter.Column, filter.Operator, filter.Value); ok {
+		return cond, jargs
+	}
 	if strings.EqualFold(filter.Operator, "in") {
 		cond, args := common.BuildInCondition(filter.Column, filter.Value)
 		return cond, args

todo.md

@@ -68,6 +68,14 @@ See [`resolvespec-python/todo.md`](./resolvespec-python/todo.md) for detailed Py
    - [ ] Computed column improvements
    - [ ] Recursive query support
 
+3. **PostGIS & pgvector (PostgreSQL)**
+   - [x] Custom types: `SqlGeometry`/`SqlGeography` (GeoJSON I/O), `SqlHalfVector`, `SqlSparseVector`, `SqlBitVector`
+   - [x] Spatial filter operators (`st_dwithin`, `st_intersects`, `bbox`, …) in resolvespec + restheadspec
+   - [x] Vector similarity filter operators (`l2_within`, `cosine_within`, `ip_within`)
+   - [x] KNN structured option (`options.vector_search` / `X-Vector-Search-*` headers)
+   - [x] Metadata + OpenAPI report geometry/vector column types
+   - [ ] Integration tests against a PostGIS + pgvector database (needs test DB with extensions)
+
 3. **Testing & Quality**
    - [ ] Increase test coverage to 70%+
    - [ ] Add integration tests for all ORMs
@@ -96,5 +104,5 @@ See [`resolvespec-python/todo.md`](./resolvespec-python/todo.md) for detailed Py
 
 ---
 
-**Last Updated:** 2026-02-07
-**Updated:** Added resolvespec-js client testing and implementation tasks
+**Last Updated:** 2026-08-29
+**Updated:** Added PostGIS + pgvector support (types, filter operators, KNN, metadata/OpenAPI)