fix(release): run lint and format check before version release

- mssql: write computed columns (AS (expr) PERSISTED) and identity; read computed definition and identity
- sqlite: write GENERATED ALWAYS AS (expr) STORED; read generated columns via table_xinfo and parse the expression
- drizzle: generatedAlwaysAs / generated(Always|ByDefault)AsIdentity, read and write
- typeorm: asExpression/generatedType and identity decorators, read and write; decorator scan is now quote-aware
- bun, gorm readers: read generated and identity markers
- readmes updated

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build release binaries
         run: |
           VERSION="${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}"
+          BUILD_DATE="$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")"
+          LDFLAGS="-X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.Version=${VERSION}' -X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.BuildDate=${BUILD_DATE}'"
           for target in "linux/amd64" "linux/arm64" "darwin/amd64" "darwin/arm64" "windows/amd64"; do
             GOOS="${target%/*}"
             GOARCH="${target#*/}"
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
             NAME="relspec-${GOOS}-${GOARCH}${EXT}"
             GOOS="$GOOS" GOARCH="$GOARCH" go build \
               -trimpath \
-              -ldflags "-X git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/cmd/relspec.version=${VERSION}" \
+              -ldflags "$LDFLAGS" \
               -o "$NAME" ./cmd/relspec
             echo "Built $NAME"
           done
@@ -234,11 +236,12 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           VERSION="${{ github.event.inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}"
           PKGVER="${VERSION#v}"
+          BUILD_DATE="$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")"
 
           for GOARCH in amd64 arm64; do
             GOOS=linux GOARCH=$GOARCH go build \
               -trimpath \
-              -ldflags "-X git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/cmd/relspec.version=${PKGVER}" \
+              -ldflags "-X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.Version=v${PKGVER}' -X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.BuildDate=${BUILD_DATE}'" \
               -o relspec ./cmd/relspec
 
             PKGDIR="relspec_${PKGVER}_${GOARCH}"
@@ -309,7 +312,13 @@ jobs:
             rockylinux:9 \
             bash -lc "
               set -euo pipefail
-              dnf install -y rpm-build git &&
+              # Avoid transient/out-of-sync mirrors while bootstrapping the RPM builder.
+              sed -i \
+                -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|' \
+                -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org|baseurl=https://dl.rockylinux.org|' \
+                /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky*.repo
+              dnf clean all
+              dnf -y --setopt=timeout=60 --setopt=retries=5 install rpm-build git
               curl -fsSL https://go.dev/dl/go\${GO_VER}.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /usr/local -xz &&
               export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin &&
               mkdir -p ~/rpmbuild/{BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS} &&

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,145 +1,91 @@
 # Contributing to RelSpec
 
-Thank you for your interest in contributing to RelSpec.
+## Setup
 
-## Development Setup
+- Go 1.25+ (see `go.mod`), Git
+- Optional: golangci-lint, Docker/Podman (PostgreSQL integration tests)
 
-### Prerequisites
-- Go 1.21 or higher
-- Git
-- (Optional) golangci-lint for linting
-- (Optional) Docker for database testing
-
-### Getting Started
-
-1. Clone the repository:
 ```bash
-git clone https://github.com/wdevs/relspecgo.git
+git clone git@git.warky.dev:wdevs/relspecgo.git
 cd relspecgo
+make deps
+make build        # outputs build/relspec
 ```
 
-2. Install dependencies:
-```bash
-go mod download
-```
+## Make Targets
 
-3. Run tests:
-```bash
-go test ./...
-```
+| Target                  | Purpose                                              |
+|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| `make test`             | Unit tests (race detection, coverage)                |
+| `make test-integration` | Integration tests (needs `RELSPEC_TEST_PG_CONN`)     |
+| `make docker-test`      | PostgreSQL integration tests via Docker/Podman       |
+| `make lint`             | golangci-lint                                        |
+| `make fmt` / `fmt-check`| gofumpt + goimports                                  |
+| `make check`            | vet, fmt-check, staticcheck, govulncheck             |
+| `make coverage`         | Coverage report                                      |
 
-4. Build the project:
-```bash
-go build -o relspec ./cmd/relspec
-```
+Single test: `go test -run TestName ./pkg/readers/dbml`
 
-## Project Structure
+## Layout
 
 ```
-relspecgo/
-├── cmd/              # CLI application entry point
-├── pkg/
-│   ├── readers/      # Input format readers (XML, JSON, DCTX, DB, GORM, Bun)
-│   ├── writers/      # Output format writers (GORM, Bun, JSON, YAML)
-│   ├── models/       # Internal data models for relations
-│   └── transform/    # Transformation and validation logic
-├── examples/         # Usage examples and sample files
-├── tests/            # Integration tests
-└── .claude/          # Claude Code configuration and commands
+cmd/relspec/      CLI commands (convert, diff, merge, split, edit, inspect, job, ...)
+pkg/models/       Core model: Database > Schema > Table > Column/Constraint/Index/Relationship
+pkg/readers/<fmt> One reader per format
+pkg/writers/<fmt> One writer per format
+pkg/diff, merge, inspector, jobs, transform, ui, pgsql, sqltypes ...
+examples/         Sample files
+tests/            Integration tests and assets
+docs/             Feature docs
 ```
 
-## Adding New Readers
+## Adding a Reader
 
-To add a new input format reader:
+1. Create `pkg/readers/<format>/reader.go` with `NewReader(options *readers.ReaderOptions)`.
+2. Implement `readers.Reader`: `ReadDatabase`, `ReadSchema`, `ReadTable`.
+3. Add `reader_test.go` in the same package.
+4. Register the format in the CLI switches (`cmd/relspec/convert.go`, `diff.go`, `edit.go`, ...).
+5. Add a `README.md` in the reader directory.
 
-1. Create a new file in `pkg/readers/` (e.g., `myformat_reader.go`)
-2. Implement the `Reader` interface:
-```go
-type Reader interface {
-    Read(source string) (*models.Schema, error)
-}
-```
-3. Add tests in `pkg/readers/myformat_reader_test.go`
-4. Register the reader in the CLI
+## Adding a Writer
 
-## Adding New Writers
+1. Create `pkg/writers/<format>/writer.go` with `NewWriter(options *writers.WriterOptions)`.
+2. Implement `writers.Writer`: `WriteDatabase`, `WriteSchema`, `WriteTable`.
+3. Add `writer_test.go` in the same package.
+4. Register the format in the CLI switches.
+5. Add a `README.md` in the writer directory.
 
-To add a new output format writer:
+## Code Rules
 
-1. Create a new file in `pkg/writers/` (e.g., `myformat_writer.go`)
-2. Implement the `Writer` interface:
-```go
-type Writer interface {
-    Write(schema *models.Schema, destination string) error
-}
-```
-3. Add tests in `pkg/writers/myformat_writer_test.go`
-4. Register the writer in the CLI
-
-## Code Style
-
-- Follow standard Go conventions
-- Use `gofmt` for formatting
-- Run `go vet` to check for issues
-- Use meaningful variable and function names
-- Add comments for exported functions and types
+- Format with gofumpt/goimports (`make fmt`); `make check` must pass.
+- Iterate `Table.Columns`, `Constraints`, `Indexes`, `Relationships` in sorted order (maps are unordered; output must be deterministic).
+- Every writer stamps `buildinfo.GeneratedComment()` in its file header.
+- Comment exported functions and types.
 
 ## Testing
 
-- Write unit tests for all new functionality
-- Aim for >80% code coverage
-- Use table-driven tests where appropriate
-- Include both positive and negative test cases
+- Tests live in the same package as the code.
+- Table-driven tests; cover positive and negative cases.
+- Reuse existing test data in `tests/` and `examples/` before adding new data.
+- Tests run with `-race`.
 
-### Running Tests
+## Commits
 
-```bash
-# All tests
-go test ./...
+- Format: `type(scope): description`
+- Types: `feat`, `fix`, `docs`, `test`, `refactor`, `chore`, `ci`
+- Keep commits focused. Reference issues where applicable.
 
-# With coverage
-go test -cover ./...
+## Pull Requests
 
-# Verbose output
-go test -v ./...
+1. Branch from `master`.
+2. Add tests; `make test` and `make check` pass.
+3. Update docs/README if behaviour changes.
+4. Open a PR with a clear description.
 
-# Specific package
-go test ./pkg/readers/...
-```
+## Security
 
-## Committing Changes
-
-- Write clear, descriptive commit messages
-- Follow conventional commits format: `type(scope): description`
-  - Types: feat, fix, docs, test, refactor, chore
-  - Example: `feat(readers): add PostgreSQL support`
-- Keep commits focused and atomic
-- Reference issues in commit messages when applicable
-
-## Pull Request Process
-
-1. Create a feature branch from `master`
-2. Make your changes
-3. Add tests for new functionality
-4. Ensure all tests pass
-5. Update documentation if needed
-6. Submit a pull request with a clear description
-
-## Claude Code Commands
-
-This project includes Claude Code slash commands for common tasks:
-
-- `/test` - Run all tests
-- `/build` - Build the binary
-- `/lint` - Run linters
-- `/coverage` - Generate coverage report
-
-## Questions or Issues?
-
-- Open an issue for bugs or feature requests
-- Start a discussion for questions or ideas
-- Check existing issues before creating new ones
+Do not report vulnerabilities in public issues. See [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md).
 
 ## License
 
-By contributing to RelSpec, you agree that your contributions will be licensed under the Apache License 2.0.
+Contributions are licensed under the Apache License 2.0.

Makefile

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ STATICCHECK   = go run honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck@latest
 GOVULNCHECK   = go run golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@latest
 
 # Version information
-VERSION := $(shell git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || echo "dev")
+# VERSION file is the single source of truth (bumped by `make release-version`).
+# Falls back to git describe for ad-hoc builds where VERSION hasn't been committed yet.
+VERSION := $(shell [ -f VERSION ] && echo "v$$(cat VERSION | tr -d '[:space:]')" || git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || echo "dev")
 BUILD_DATE := $(shell date -u +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")
-LDFLAGS := -X 'main.version=$(VERSION)' -X 'main.buildDate=$(BUILD_DATE)'
+LDFLAGS := -X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.Version=$(VERSION)' -X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.BuildDate=$(BUILD_DATE)'
 
 # Auto-detect container runtime (Docker or Podman)
 CONTAINER_RUNTIME := $(shell \
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ docker-test-integration: docker-up ## Start DB and run integration tests
 		$(GOTEST) -v ./pkg/readers/pgsql/ -count=1 || (make docker-down && exit 1)
 	@make docker-down
 
-release: ## Create and push a new release tag (auto-increments patch version)
+release: lint fmt-check test build ## Run lint, format check, tests, build, then create and push a new release tag
 	@echo "Creating new release..."
 	@latest_tag=$$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo ""); \
 	if [ -z "$$latest_tag" ]; then \
@@ -223,6 +225,15 @@ release: ## Create and push a new release tag (auto-increments patch version)
 		echo "Creating new release: $$version"; \
 		commit_logs=$$(git log "$${latest_tag}..HEAD" --pretty=format:"- %s" --no-merges); \
 	fi; \
+	PKGVER=$${version#v}; \
+	echo "Updating package metadata to $$PKGVER..."; \
+	echo "$$PKGVER" > VERSION; \
+	sed -i "s/^pkgver=.*/pkgver=$$PKGVER/" linux/arch/PKGBUILD; \
+	sed -i "s/^Version:.*/Version:        $$PKGVER/" linux/centos/relspec.spec; \
+	git add VERSION linux/arch/PKGBUILD linux/centos/relspec.spec; \
+	if ! git diff --cached --quiet; then \
+		git commit -m "chore(release): update package version to $$PKGVER"; \
+	fi; \
 	if [ -z "$$commit_logs" ]; then \
 		tag_message="Release $$version"; \
 	else \
@@ -232,17 +243,18 @@ release: ## Create and push a new release tag (auto-increments patch version)
 	git push origin "$$version"; \
 	echo "Tag $$version created and pushed to remote repository."
 
-release-version: ## Auto-increment patch version, update package files, commit, tag, and push
-	@CURRENT=$$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo "v0.0.0"); \
-	MAJOR=$$(echo $$CURRENT | sed 's/v\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\).*/\1/'); \
-	MINOR=$$(echo $$CURRENT | sed 's/v\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\).*/\2/'); \
-	PATCH=$$(echo $$CURRENT | sed 's/v\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\)\.\([0-9]*\).*/\3/'); \
-	NEXT="v$$MAJOR.$$MINOR.$$((PATCH + 1))"; \
+release-version: lint fmt-check ## Run lint and format check, then auto-increment patch version, update VERSION/package files, commit, tag, and push
+	@CURRENT=$$([ -f VERSION ] && cat VERSION | tr -d '[:space:]' || (git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null | sed 's/^v//') || echo "0.0.0"); \
+	MAJOR=$$(echo $$CURRENT | cut -d. -f1); \
+	MINOR=$$(echo $$CURRENT | cut -d. -f2); \
+	PATCH=$$(echo $$CURRENT | cut -d. -f3); \
 	PKGVER="$$MAJOR.$$MINOR.$$((PATCH + 1))"; \
-	echo "Current: $$CURRENT → Next: $$NEXT"; \
+	NEXT="v$$PKGVER"; \
+	echo "Current: v$$CURRENT → Next: $$NEXT"; \
+	echo "$$PKGVER" > VERSION; \
 	sed -i "s/^pkgver=.*/pkgver=$$PKGVER/" linux/arch/PKGBUILD; \
 	sed -i "s/^Version:.*/Version:        $$PKGVER/" linux/centos/relspec.spec; \
-	git add linux/arch/PKGBUILD linux/centos/relspec.spec; \
+	git add VERSION linux/arch/PKGBUILD linux/centos/relspec.spec; \
 	git commit -m "chore(release): update package version to $$PKGVER"; \
 	git tag -a "$$NEXT" -m "Release $$NEXT"; \
 	git push origin HEAD "$$NEXT"; \

README.md

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ relspec job run build-schema
 version: 1
 jobs:
   build-schema:
-    command: convert            # closed allow-list: convert | merge | scripts-list
+    command: convert            # closed allow-list: convert | merge | split | scripts-list | scripts-exec | templ | inspect | diff
     description: Merge the DBML sources and emit PostgreSQL DDL
     inputs:
       - path: schema/core.dbml
@@ -147,7 +147,9 @@ resolved relative to the job file and may not escape it, and remote database
 credentials are referenced by environment-variable name (`conn_env:`) and
 redacted from logs. The whole plan — unknown commands/formats, duplicate job
 names, missing inputs, path traversal, dependency cycles — is validated before
-any job runs. See [docs/JOB_FILES.md](docs/JOB_FILES.md).
+any job runs. Path-like fields also support `${NAME}` environment-variable
+references, which are expanded and safety-checked during pre-flight. See
+[docs/JOB_FILES.md](docs/JOB_FILES.md).
 
 ### `edit` — Interactive TUI editor
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported versions
+Security fixes are released for the latest minor version of RelSpec.
+
+## Reporting a vulnerability
+Please do not open a public issue for security problems.
+
+Report privately by email: warkydevs@gmail.com
+
+Reports are reviewed on a best-effort basis. No response time or fix timeline is
+guaranteed. Reporters may be credited in the release notes if they wish.

TODO.md

@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@
 
 - [✔️] **Database Inspector**
   - [✔️] PostgreSQL driver (reader + writer)
-  - [ ] MySQL driver
+  - [ ] MySQL driver (only MariaDB datatype conversion in pkg/mariadb, no reader/writer)
   - [✔️] SQLite driver (reader + writer with automatic schema flattening)
-  - [ ] MSSQL driver
+  - [✔️] MSSQL driver (reader + writer, generated and identity columns)
   - [✔️] Foreign key detection
   - [✔️] Index extraction
   - [✔️] .sql file generation (PostgreSQL, SQLite)
 - [✔️] .dbml: Database Markup Language (DBML) for textual schema representation.
 - [✔️] Prisma schema support (PSL format) .prisma
+- [ ] Sequelize (Typescript/Javascript)  (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
 - [✔️] Drizzle ORM support .ts (TypeScript / JavaScript) (Mr. Edd wanted to move from Prisma to Drizzle. If you are bugs, you are welcome to do pull requests or issues)
 - [☠️] Entity Framework (.NET) model .edmx (Fuck no, EDMX files were bloated, verbose XML nightmares—hard to merge, error-prone, and a pain in teams. Microsoft wisely ditched them in EF Core for code-first. Classic overkill from old MS era.)
 - [✔️] TypeORM support
-- [] .hbm.xml / schema.xml: Hibernate/Propel mappings (Java/PHP) (💲 Someone can do this, not me)
-- [ ] Django models.py (Python classes), Sequelize migrations (JS) (💲 Someone can do this, not me)
-- [] .avsc: Avro schema (JSON format for data serialization) (💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] .hbm.xml / schema.xml: Hibernate/Propel mappings (Java/PHP) (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] Django models.py (Python classes), Sequelize migrations (JS) (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] SQLAlchemy, Python (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] .avsc: Avro schema (JSON format for data serialization) (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] Rails schema in db/schema.rb (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] Laravel migration (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
+- [ ] Hibernate / JPA (Use templates, 💲 Someone can do this, not me)
 - [✔️] GraphQL schema generation
 
 ## UI
@@ -39,13 +44,19 @@
 
 ## Advanced Features
 
-- [ ] Dry-run mode for validation
-- [x] Diff tool for comparing specifications
-- [ ] Migration script generation
+- [ ] Dry-run mode for validation (only `job run --dry-run`; not on convert/merge/split)
+- [✔️] Diff tool for comparing specifications
+- [✔️] Migration script generation (PostgreSQL diff, live database by default for direct output)
 - [ ] Custom type mapping configuration
-- [ ] Batch processing support
+- [ ] Batch processing support (partial: job files run named workflows via `relspec job run`)
 - [ ] Watch mode for auto-regeneration
 
+## Distribution
+
+- [ ] NSIS Windows installer
+  - [ ] Check https://git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/releases for new releases and prompt to update
+- [ ] CI pipeline to build and publish the Windows installer
+
 ## Future Considerations
 
 - [ ] Web UI for visual editing

VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1.0.85

cmd/relspec/convert.go

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ func runConvert(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read source: %w", err)
 	}
+	finalizeCommentedRefs(db, stderrWarn)
 
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      ✓ Successfully read database '%s'\n", db.Name)
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      Found: %d schema(s)\n", len(db.Schemas))
@@ -261,6 +262,18 @@ func runConvert(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// finalizeCommentedRefs resolves DBML `// Ref:` comments against the fully
+// loaded model and warns about refs whose target is not loaded.
+func finalizeCommentedRefs(db *models.Database, warn func(string)) {
+	for _, w := range dbml.ResolveCommentedRefs(db, true) {
+		warn(w)
+	}
+}
+
+func stderrWarn(msg string) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      ⚠ %s\n", msg)
+}
+
 func readDatabaseListForConvert(dbType string, files []string) (*models.Database, error) {
 	if len(files) == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("file list is empty")

cmd/relspec/diff.go

@@ -229,43 +229,43 @@ func readDatabase(dbType, filePath, connString, label string) (*models.Database,
 		if filePath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path is required for DBML format", label)
 		}
-		reader = dbml.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: filePath})
+		reader = dbml.NewReader(newReaderOptions(filePath, ""))
 
 	case "dctx":
 		if filePath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path is required for DCTX format", label)
 		}
-		reader = dctx.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: filePath})
+		reader = dctx.NewReader(newReaderOptions(filePath, ""))
 
 	case "drawdb":
 		if filePath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path is required for DrawDB format", label)
 		}
-		reader = drawdb.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: filePath})
+		reader = drawdb.NewReader(newReaderOptions(filePath, ""))
 
 	case "json":
 		if filePath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path is required for JSON format", label)
 		}
-		reader = json.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: filePath})
+		reader = json.NewReader(newReaderOptions(filePath, ""))
 
 	case "yaml":
 		if filePath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path is required for YAML format", label)
 		}
-		reader = yaml.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: filePath})
+		reader = yaml.NewReader(newReaderOptions(filePath, ""))
 
 	case "sqldir", "scripts", "scriptdir":
 		if filePath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path is required for SQL directory format", label)
 		}
-		reader = sqldir.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: filePath})
+		reader = sqldir.NewReader(newReaderOptions(filePath, ""))
 
 	case "pgsql", "postgres", "postgresql":
 		if connString == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: connection string is required for PostgreSQL format", label)
 		}
-		reader = pgsql.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{ConnectionString: connString})
+		reader = pgsql.NewReader(newReaderOptions("", connString))
 
 	case "sqlite", "sqlite3":
 		// SQLite can use either file path or connection string
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func readDatabase(dbType, filePath, connString, label string) (*models.Database,
 		if dbPath == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: file path or connection string is required for SQLite format", label)
 		}
-		reader = sqlite.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: dbPath})
+		reader = sqlite.NewReader(newReaderOptions(dbPath, ""))
 
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: unsupported database format: %s", label, dbType)

cmd/relspec/job.go

@@ -60,8 +60,9 @@ inputs, output and options:
       logfile: .relspec/log/build-schema.log
 
 Rules and guarantees:
-  - command is a closed allow-list (convert, merge, scripts-list, templ). Arbitrary
-    shell strings are never executed.
+  - command is a closed allow-list (convert, merge, split, scripts-list,
+    scripts-exec, templ, inspect, diff). Arbitrary shell strings are never
+    executed.
   - Every path is relative to the directory holding the job file and may not
     escape it. Absolute and home-relative paths are rejected.
   - Remote database credentials are referenced by environment-variable name
@@ -246,22 +247,37 @@ type resolvedInput struct {
 func preflightJob(j *jobs.Job, resolvedByName map[string]*resolvedJob) (*resolvedJob, error) {
 	root := j.Dir()
 	rj := &resolvedJob{job: j, root: root, logPolicy: j.ResolvedLogPolicy()}
+	expandPath := func(label, value string) (string, error) {
+		expanded, err := jobs.ExpandEnv(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", label, err)
+		}
+		return expanded, nil
+	}
 
 	if j.Logfile != "" {
-		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Logfile)
+		logfile, err := expandPath("logfile", j.Logfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, logfile)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("logfile: %w", err)
 		}
 		rj.logPath = p
 	}
 	if j.Template != "" {
-		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Template)
+		templatePath, err := expandPath("template", j.Template)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, templatePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("template: %w", err)
 		}
 		info, err := os.Stat(p)
 		if err != nil || info.IsDir() {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("template %q: not found or is a directory", j.Template)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("template %q: not found or is a directory", templatePath)
 		}
 		rj.templatePath = p
 	}
@@ -291,16 +307,20 @@ func preflightJob(j *jobs.Job, resolvedByName map[string]*resolvedJob) (*resolve
 			ri.connEnv = in.ConnEnv
 			rj.secrets = append(rj.secrets, v)
 		} else {
-			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, in.Path)
+			inputPath, err := expandPath(fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]", i), in.Path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, inputPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %w", i, err)
 			}
 			info, err := os.Stat(p)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %s: file not found", i, in.Path)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %s: file not found", i, inputPath)
 			}
 			if info.IsDir() {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %s: is a directory, not a file", i, in.Path)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %s: is a directory, not a file", i, inputPath)
 			}
 			ri.path = p
 		}
@@ -308,13 +328,17 @@ func preflightJob(j *jobs.Job, resolvedByName map[string]*resolvedJob) (*resolve
 	}
 
 	for _, d := range j.ScriptDirs {
-		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, d)
+		scriptDir, err := expandPath("script_dir", d)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, scriptDir)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: %w", d, err)
 		}
 		info, err := os.Stat(p)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: not found", d)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: not found", scriptDir)
 		}
 		if !info.IsDir() {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: not a directory", d)
@@ -332,25 +356,33 @@ func preflightJob(j *jobs.Job, resolvedByName map[string]*resolvedJob) (*resolve
 			rj.outputConnEnv = j.Output.ConnEnv
 			rj.secrets = append(rj.secrets, v)
 		} else {
-			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Output.Path)
+			outputPath, err := expandPath("output", j.Output.Path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, outputPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("output: %w", err)
 			}
 			if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil && !j.Output.Overwrite {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("output %s already exists (set output.overwrite: true to replace it)", j.Output.Path)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("output %s already exists (set output.overwrite: true to replace it)", outputPath)
 			}
 			rj.outputPath = p
 		}
 	}
 
 	if j.Rules != "" {
-		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Rules)
+		rulesPath, err := expandPath("rules", j.Rules)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, rulesPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rules: %w", err)
 		}
 		info, err := os.Stat(p)
 		if err != nil || info.IsDir() {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rules %q: not found or is a directory", j.Rules)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rules %q: not found or is a directory", rulesPath)
 		}
 		rj.rulesPath = p
 	}
@@ -358,12 +390,16 @@ func preflightJob(j *jobs.Job, resolvedByName map[string]*resolvedJob) (*resolve
 	if j.Report != nil {
 		rj.reportFormat = strings.ToLower(j.Report.Format)
 		if j.Report.Path != "" {
-			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Report.Path)
+			reportPath, err := expandPath("report", j.Report.Path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, reportPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("report: %w", err)
 			}
 			if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil && !j.Report.Overwrite {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("report %s already exists (set report.overwrite: true to replace it)", j.Report.Path)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("report %s already exists (set report.overwrite: true to replace it)", reportPath)
 			}
 			rj.reportPath = p
 		}
@@ -542,6 +578,7 @@ func runMergeJob(rj *resolvedJob, lg *jobLogger) error {
 		lg.logf("merging: %s", inputLabel(ri))
 		merge.MergeDatabases(base, db, opts)
 	}
+	finalizeCommentedRefs(base, func(w string) { lg.logf("warning: %s", w) })
 	base.UpdateDate()
 	return writeJobOutput(rj, base, lg)
 }
@@ -778,6 +815,7 @@ func readJobInputs(rj *resolvedJob, lg *jobLogger) (*models.Database, error) {
 	if base == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no inputs produced a database")
 	}
+	finalizeCommentedRefs(base, func(w string) { lg.logf("warning: %s", w) })
 	return base, nil
 }
 
@@ -805,8 +843,8 @@ func writeJobOutput(rj *resolvedJob, db *models.Database, lg *jobLogger) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("database output is only supported for pgsql (got %q)", rj.job.Output.Format)
 		}
 		lg.logf("writing output to database env:%s", rj.outputConnEnv)
-		writerOpts := newWriterOptions("", o.Package, o.FlattenSchema, "", "", o.ContinueOnError)
-		writerOpts.Metadata = map[string]interface{}{"connection_string": rj.outputConn}
+		writerOpts := newWriterOptions("", o.Package, o.FlattenSchema, o.Types, o.ArrayNullable, o.ContinueOnError)
+		writerOpts.Metadata = map[string]interface{}{"connection_string": rj.outputConn, "full_ddl": o.FullDDL}
 		return wpgsql.NewWriter(writerOpts).WriteDatabase(db)
 	}
 
@@ -816,7 +854,7 @@ func writeJobOutput(rj *resolvedJob, db *models.Database, lg *jobLogger) error {
 	lg.logf("writing output: %s (%s)", rj.outputPath, format)
 
 	write := func(target string) error {
-		return writeDatabase(db, format, target, o.Package, o.Schema, o.FlattenSchema, "", "", o.ContinueOnError, "")
+		return writeDatabase(db, format, target, o.Package, o.Schema, o.FlattenSchema, o.Types, o.ArrayNullable, o.ContinueOnError, "")
 	}
 	// Single-file formats are written to a temp file and renamed into place so
 	// a failure never leaves a partial or truncated output. Directory-emitting

cmd/relspec/job_test.go

@@ -666,6 +666,7 @@ jobs:
         format: dbml
     template: templates/schema.tmpl
     output:
+      format: text
       path: build/schema.txt
       overwrite: true
 `)
@@ -682,3 +683,61 @@ jobs:
 		t.Fatalf("templ output missing users table: %s", out)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestJobRun_BunSqlTypesOption(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := jobFixture(t, `version: 1
+jobs:
+  models:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: bun
+      path: build/models
+    options:
+      package: models
+      types: sqltypes
+`)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+	if err := executeJobPlan(set, "models", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute Bun job: %v", err)
+	}
+	generated, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "build", "models"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read Bun output: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(generated), "git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/sqltypes") {
+		t.Fatalf("Bun output did not preserve options.types: %s", generated)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobValidation_TemplTextFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	validDir := jobFixture(t, `version: 1
+jobs:
+  docs:
+    command: templ
+    inputs: [{path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml}]
+    template: schema.tmpl
+    output: {format: text, path: build/docs.txt}
+`)
+	valid := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(validDir, "relspec.yml"))
+	if err := valid.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("text output should be valid for templ: %v", err)
+	}
+	invalidDir := jobFixture(t, `version: 1
+jobs:
+  docs:
+    command: templ
+    inputs: [{path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml}]
+    template: schema.tmpl
+    output: {format: json, path: build/docs.txt}
+`)
+	invalid, err := jobs.Load([]string{filepath.Join(invalidDir, "relspec.yml")})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load invalid manifest: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := invalid.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "output.format: text") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected templ format rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/relspec/main.go

@@ -5,10 +5,43 @@ import (
 	"os"
 )
 
+// asciiLogo (see version.go) is printed by the `version` command.
+
 func main() {
-	printVersionHeader(os.Args[1:])
-	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+	args := os.Args[1:]
+	isSilent := hasSilentFlag(args)
+	if !isSilent {
+		printVersionHeader(args)
+	}
+
+	previousStderr := os.Stderr
+	var nullOutput *os.File
+	if isSilent {
+		var err error
+		nullOutput, err = os.OpenFile(os.DevNull, os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(previousStderr, err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		os.Stderr = nullOutput
+	}
+
+	err := rootCmd.Execute()
+	if nullOutput != nil {
+		os.Stderr = previousStderr
+		nullOutput.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
+
+func hasSilentFlag(args []string) bool {
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		if arg == "--silent" || arg == "--silent=true" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

cmd/relspec/merge.go

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ var (
 	mergeSkipTables    string // Comma-separated table names to skip
 	mergeVerbose       bool
 	mergeReportPath    string // Path to write merge report
+	mergeFullDDL       bool   // Execute full DDL instead of diffing the live pgsql database
 	mergeFlattenSchema bool
 )
 
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ func init() {
 	mergeCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&mergeSkipSequences, "skip-sequences", false, "Skip sequences during merge")
 	mergeCmd.Flags().StringVar(&mergeSkipTables, "skip-tables", "", "Comma-separated list of table names to skip during merge")
 	mergeCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&mergeVerbose, "verbose", false, "Show verbose output")
+	mergeCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&mergeFullDDL, "full-ddl", false, "pgsql database output: execute the full DDL instead of only the differences from the live database")
 	mergeCmd.Flags().StringVar(&mergeReportPath, "merge-report", "", "Path to write merge report (JSON format)")
 	mergeCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&mergeFlattenSchema, "flatten-schema", false, "Flatten schema.table names to schema_table (useful for databases like SQLite that do not support schemas)")
 }
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ func runMerge(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	// Step 1: Read target database
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "[1/3] Reading target database...\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "[1/4] Reading target database...\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      Format: %s\n", mergeTargetType)
 	if mergeTargetPath != "" {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      Path:   %s\n", mergeTargetPath)
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ func runMerge(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	printDatabaseStats(targetDB)
 
 	// Step 2: Read source database(s)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n[2/3] Reading source database...\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n[2/4] Reading source database...\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      Format: %s\n", mergeSourceType)
 
 	var sourceDB *models.Database
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ func runMerge(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	printDatabaseStats(sourceDB)
 
 	// Step 3: Merge databases
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n[3/3] Merging databases...\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n[3/4] Merging databases...\n")
 
 	opts := &merge.MergeOptions{
 		SkipDomains:   mergeSkipDomains,
@@ -248,6 +250,7 @@ func runMerge(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	result := merge.MergeDatabases(targetDB, sourceDB, opts)
+	finalizeCommentedRefs(targetDB, stderrWarn)
 
 	// Update timestamp
 	targetDB.UpdateDate()
@@ -267,6 +270,9 @@ func runMerge(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if mergeOutputPath != "" {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      Path:   %s\n", mergeOutputPath)
 	}
+	if mergeOutputConn != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      Conn:   %s\n", maskPassword(mergeOutputConn))
+	}
 
 	err = writeDatabaseForMerge(mergeOutputType, mergeOutputPath, mergeOutputConn, targetDB, "Output", mergeFlattenSchema)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -439,6 +445,7 @@ func writeDatabaseForMerge(dbType, filePath, connString string, db *models.Datab
 		if connString != "" {
 			writerOpts.Metadata = map[string]interface{}{
 				"connection_string": connString,
+				"full_ddl":          mergeFullDDL,
 			}
 			// Add report path if merge report is enabled
 			if mergeReportPath != "" {

cmd/relspec/prisma_options.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
 )
@@ -10,17 +13,22 @@ func newReaderOptions(filePath, connString string) *readers.ReaderOptions {
 		FilePath:         filePath,
 		ConnectionString: connString,
 		Prisma7:          prisma7,
+		StrictDirectives: strictDirectives,
+		Progress: func(message string) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      → %s\n", message)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
 func newWriterOptions(outputPath, packageName string, flattenSchema bool, nullableTypes, nullableArrays string, continueOnError bool) *writers.WriterOptions {
 	return &writers.WriterOptions{
-		OutputPath:      outputPath,
-		PackageName:     packageName,
-		FlattenSchema:   flattenSchema,
-		NullableTypes:   nullableTypes,
-		NullableArrays:  nullableArrays,
-		Prisma7:         prisma7,
-		ContinueOnError: continueOnError,
+		OutputPath:       outputPath,
+		PackageName:      packageName,
+		FlattenSchema:    flattenSchema,
+		NullableTypes:    nullableTypes,
+		NullableArrays:   nullableArrays,
+		Prisma7:          prisma7,
+		ContinueOnError:  continueOnError,
+		StrictDirectives: strictDirectives,
 	}
 }

cmd/relspec/root.go

@@ -2,50 +2,23 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"runtime/debug"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo"
 )
 
+// version/buildDate mirror pkg/buildinfo so existing call sites keep working.
+// The actual values are set there via ldflags (see Makefile).
 var (
-	// Version information, set via ldflags during build
-	version   = "dev"
-	buildDate = "unknown"
-	prisma7   bool
-	noVersion bool
+	version          = buildinfo.Version
+	buildDate        = buildinfo.BuildDate
+	prisma7          bool
+	noVersion        bool
+	silent           bool
+	strictDirectives bool
 )
 
-func init() {
-	// If version wasn't set via ldflags, try to get it from build info
-	if version == "dev" {
-		if info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo(); ok {
-			// Try to get version from VCS
-			var vcsRevision, vcsTime string
-			for _, setting := range info.Settings {
-				switch setting.Key {
-				case "vcs.revision":
-					if len(setting.Value) >= 7 {
-						vcsRevision = setting.Value[:7]
-					}
-				case "vcs.time":
-					vcsTime = setting.Value
-				}
-			}
-
-			if vcsRevision != "" {
-				version = vcsRevision
-			}
-
-			if vcsTime != "" {
-				if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, vcsTime); err == nil {
-					buildDate = t.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 UTC")
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "relspec",
 	Short: "RelSpec - Database schema conversion and analysis tool",
@@ -72,6 +45,8 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(reportCmd)
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&prisma7, "prisma7", false, "Use Prisma 7 generator conventions when reading/writing Prisma schemas")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&noVersion, "no-version", false, "Suppress the RelSpec version header")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&silent, "silent", false, "Suppress progress and status messages (errors are still shown)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&strictDirectives, "strict-directives", false, "Fail on unknown or untranslatable DBML dialect directives (@postgres:, @sqlite:, …)")
 }
 
 // printVersionHeader prints the "RelSpec <version> (built: <date>)" banner

cmd/relspec/templ.go

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ func runTempl(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read source: %w", err)
 	}
+	finalizeCommentedRefs(db, stderrWarn)
 
 	// Print database stats
 	schemaCount := len(db.Schemas)

cmd/relspec/version.go

@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo"
 )
 
 var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "version",
 	Short: "Print version information",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		fmt.Printf("RelSpec %s\n", version)
-		fmt.Printf("Built: %s\n", buildDate)
+		fmt.Print(buildinfo.AsciiLogo)
+		fmt.Printf("RelSpec %s\n", buildinfo.Version)
+		fmt.Printf("Built: %s\n", buildinfo.BuildDate)
 	},
 }

docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# DBML Dialect Directives
+
+DBML has no dialect-neutral way to express database-specific features such as
+PostgreSQL table partitioning or SQLite `WITHOUT ROWID`. RelSpec adds **dialect
+directives** — explicit, parseable lines embedded in a `.dbml` file that are:
+
+- stored losslessly in the intermediate model (under each object's `Metadata`),
+- preserved unchanged through a `DBML → model → DBML` round-trip,
+- translated to SQL **only** by the writer for the matching dialect
+  (`@postgres:` clauses appear in PostgreSQL output, never in SQLite output, and
+  vice-versa).
+
+## Grammar
+
+A directive is a single line, matched on its trimmed content:
+
+```
+@<namespace>[(<target>)]: <args>
+```
+
+| Part | Rules |
+|------|-------|
+| `namespace` | `^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$` — e.g. `postgres`, `sqlite`. Future dialects allowed. |
+| `(target)` | Optional. A **column name** only, valid only on a directive line inside a table body. Bare or single/double quoted. |
+| `args` | Everything after the first `:`, trimmed. Otherwise preserved **verbatim**. Must be non-empty. |
+
+The **key** of a directive is derived: the lowercased first whitespace-delimited
+token of `args` (`partition by RANGE (created_at)` → `partition`). It drives
+duplicate detection and writer dispatch.
+
+## Location
+
+Where the line appears determines which object it attaches to:
+
+| Position in the file | Attaches to |
+|----------------------|-------------|
+| Before the first `Table {` | database (`db.Metadata`) |
+| Table body, no `(target)` | that table |
+| Table body, `(col)` target | column `col` of that table (error if `col` is unknown) |
+| Inside an `indexes { }` block | the **most recently listed** index entry in that block; `(target)` is not allowed |
+
+```dbml
+@postgres: search_path myapp          -- database
+
+Table myapp.events {
+  id bigint [pk]
+  created_at timestamp [not null]
+  @postgres(id): identity always      -- column "id"
+  @postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)   -- table
+  @postgres: tablespace fast_data              -- table
+  @sqlite: without rowid                        -- table
+
+  indexes {
+    (created_at) [name: 'idx_events_created']
+    @postgres: with (fillfactor=90)   -- index "idx_events_created"
+    @postgres: tablespace idx_space    -- index "idx_events_created"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Duplicate policy
+
+- **Repeatable by default** — every directive with the same `(namespace, key)` at
+  one location is kept, in source order.
+- **Singletons** raise a line-numbered error on a second occurrence at the same
+  location. Current singletons: `postgres` `partition`, `tablespace`, `inherits`,
+  `storage`, `compression`, `identity`; `sqlite` `without`, `strict`, `collate`.
+
+## Strict mode
+
+CLI flag `--strict-directives` (also `ReaderOptions.StrictDirectives` /
+`WriterOptions.StrictDirectives`):
+
+- **Reader**: an unknown namespace or key is a hard error. Without strict mode it
+  is stored and preserved silently, and round-trips unchanged.
+- **PostgreSQL / SQLite writer**: a directive for **that** writer's own dialect
+  whose key it cannot translate is a hard error. Without strict mode, translatable
+  keys are emitted and the rest are skipped. Directives for other dialects are
+  always ignored, never emitted.
+
+## Errors
+
+All are line-numbered (`dbml: line N: …`):
+
+- no colon, or empty `args`
+- namespace empty or not matching `[a-z][a-z0-9_]*`
+- `(target)` naming an unknown column, or used at the top level / in an `indexes` block
+- a directive in the catalog used at a location it is not valid for
+- duplicate singleton at the same location
+- (strict mode) unknown `(namespace, key)`
+
+## Supported directive matrix
+
+### `@postgres`
+
+| Key | Locations | SQL emitted | Notes |
+|-----|-----------|-------------|-------|
+| `partition` | table | `PARTITION BY <args>` appended to `CREATE TABLE` | e.g. `@postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)` |
+| `inherits` | table | `INHERITS (<args>)` — args verbatim | |
+| `with` | table, index | `WITH (<params>)` | On an index, wins over `WITH` derived from the index comment. `@postgres: with (fillfactor=90)` |
+| `tablespace` | table, index | `TABLESPACE <name>` | Emitted after `WITH`, before `WHERE` on indexes |
+| `storage` | column | `STORAGE <mode>` in the column definition | e.g. `@postgres(blob): storage external` |
+| `compression` | column | `COMPRESSION <method>` | |
+| `identity` | column | `identity always` → `GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY`; `identity default` / `identity by default` → `GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY` | |
+
+### `@sqlite`
+
+| Key | Locations | SQL emitted | Notes |
+|-----|-----------|-------------|-------|
+| `without` | table | `WITHOUT ROWID` table option | `@sqlite: without rowid` |
+| `strict` | table | `STRICT` table option | `WITHOUT ROWID` is emitted before `STRICT` |
+| `collate` | column | ` COLLATE <name>` in the column definition | e.g. `@sqlite(name): collate NOCASE` |
+
+Unknown namespaces and keys not in these tables are still preserved losslessly
+(and round-trip through the DBML writer) whenever strict mode is off.

docs/JOB_FILES.md

@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ already forbid duplicate keys within a single file.
   `script_dirs[]`, `template`, `logfile`) is **relative to the directory
   containing the job file that declared the job**, not the process working
   directory.
+* Those path fields support `${NAME}` environment-variable references. They
+  are expanded immediately before execution; a missing variable is an error.
+  The expanded value is still subject to all relative-path and symlink safety
+  checks.
 * Absolute paths, `~`-relative paths and any path that resolves outside the job
   file directory (`../`, `a/../../b`, …) are **rejected during validation** —
   before anything runs.
@@ -183,12 +187,17 @@ jobs:
       format: pgsql
       path: build/schema.sql                   # file output, OR:
       conn_env: TARGET_DB_URL                  # execute against DB (pgsql only)
+                                               # default: reads live DB, executes only the diff
+                                               # (file output = full DDL); set options.full_ddl to force full DDL
       overwrite: false                         # default false
     options:
       flatten_schema: false
       schema: public
       package: models                          # for gorm/bun output
+      types: sqltypes                           # Bun/GORM nullable types: baselib|stdlib|sqltypes
+      array_nullable: pointer_slice             # Bun: slice|pointer_slice
       continue_on_error: false                 # pgsql / scripts-exec output
+      full_ddl: false                          # pgsql database output: true = run full DDL; default diffs against live DB
       skip_relations: false                    # merge only
       skip_enums: false
       skip_views: false
@@ -201,8 +210,10 @@ jobs:
 
 For `templ`, `inputs` use the same file or `pgsql`/`conn_env` source forms as
 schema conversion. `output` is optional (empty means stdout); when present it
-contains only `path` and `overwrite`, because templates do not select a schema
-writer format.
+contains `path` and `overwrite`, plus the explicit `format: text` marker. The
+marker is templ-only: it describes arbitrary text produced by a Go template,
+not a database schema format. It is optional for compatibility with older
+manifests and has no effect on template execution.
 
 A `from_job` input takes no `path`, `format` or `conn_env`: it resolves to the
 named job's `output.path` and inherits its format, and implies a dependency on

examples/jobs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# RelSpec job examples
+
+Run these commands from this directory:
+
+```bash
+cd examples/jobs
+
+# List every job from relspec.yml and the additional relspec.*.yml files.
+relspec job list
+
+# Validate a job and print its resolved plan without reading or writing data.
+relspec job run build-schema --plan
+
+# Build PostgreSQL DDL from the two DBML inputs.
+relspec job run build-schema
+
+# Run a job's dependency chain. This runs build-schema first, then build-json.
+relspec job run build-json
+
+# Inspect build-json's output. The from_job input adds the dependency automatically.
+relspec job run lint-schema
+
+# Extract only the posts table.
+relspec job run posts-only
+
+# List migration scripts in deterministic order without connecting to a database.
+relspec job run migration-order
+
+# Render one TypeScript file per table using the example template.
+relspec job run generate-typescript
+
+# Compare the two example schemas and write the summary to the logfile.
+relspec job run compare-schemas
+
+# Use an environment variable in an output path.
+export VST=build/typescript
+relspec job run generate-typescript --plan
+relspec job run generate-typescript
+```
+
+Database jobs use environment variables for connection strings. Set them in
+the shell before running the jobs; do not put connection strings in YAML:
+
+```bash
+export SOURCE_DB_URL='postgres://user:password@localhost/source_db'
+export TARGET_DB_URL='postgres://user:password@localhost/target_db'
+
+# Read the source database and write a local DBML snapshot.
+relspec job run snapshot-database
+
+# Preview migration execution without connecting to PostgreSQL.
+relspec job run apply-migrations --plan
+
+# Execute the migrations against TARGET_DB_URL.
+relspec job run apply-migrations
+```
+
+The `apply-migrations` job demonstrates execution from multiple directories:
+
+```yaml
+script_dirs:
+  - migrations/core
+  - migrations/tenant
+output:
+  format: pgsql
+  conn_env: TARGET_DB_URL
+```
+
+RelSpec combines the SQL files from both folders in deterministic order before
+executing them against the configured PostgreSQL database.
+
+To use a different directory or manifest, pass `--dir` or `--file`:
+
+```bash
+relspec job list --dir /path/to/project
+relspec job run build-schema --file /path/to/project/relspec.yml --plan
+```
+
+See [../../docs/JOB_FILES.md](../../docs/JOB_FILES.md) for the complete job
+file reference.

examples/jobs/relspec.database.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Database-oriented examples. Set the referenced environment variables before
+# running these jobs; connection strings never belong in a job file.
+version: 1
+
+jobs:
+  snapshot-database:
+    command: convert
+    description: Read a PostgreSQL database and write a DBML snapshot
+    inputs:
+      - format: pgsql
+        conn_env: SOURCE_DB_URL
+    output:
+      format: dbml
+      path: build/database-snapshot.dbml
+      overwrite: true
+
+  apply-migrations:
+    command: scripts-exec
+    description: Execute migrations from core and tenant folders against PostgreSQL
+    # All SQL files from these directories are discovered in deterministic order.
+    script_dirs:
+      - migrations/core
+      - migrations/tenant
+    output:
+      format: pgsql
+      conn_env: TARGET_DB_URL
+    options:
+      continue_on_error: false
+    logfile: .relspec/log/apply-migrations.log

examples/jobs/relspec.reports.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Reporting and templating examples. These jobs are discovered together with
+# relspec.yml when running `relspec job list` from this directory.
+version: 1
+
+jobs:
+  generate-typescript:
+    command: templ
+    description: Render one TypeScript file per table from the merged schema
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    template: templates/schema.tmpl
+    mode: table
+    filename_pattern: "{{.Name}}.ts"
+    output:
+      format: text
+      path: "${VST}"
+      overwrite: true
+
+  compare-schemas:
+    command: diff
+    description: Compare the two example schemas and print a summary
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    report:
+      format: summary
+    logfile: .relspec/log/compare-schemas.log

examples/jobs/templates/schema.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Code generated by RelSpec. DO NOT EDIT.
+export interface {{.Name}} {
+{{- range values .Table.Columns}}
+  {{.Name}}: {{.Type}};
+{{- end}}
+}

linux/arch/PKGBUILD

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Maintainer: Hein (Warky Devs) <hein@warky.dev>
 pkgname=relspec
-pkgver=1.0.74
+pkgver=1.0.85
 pkgrel=1
 pkgdesc="RelSpec is a comprehensive database relations management tool that reads, transforms, and writes database table specifications across multiple formats and ORMs."
 arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ build() {
     export CGO_ENABLED=0
     go build \
         -trimpath \
-        -ldflags "-X git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/cmd/relspec.version=$pkgver" \
+        -ldflags "-X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.Version=v$pkgver' -X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.BuildDate=$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC")'" \
         -o "$pkgname" ./cmd/relspec
 }
 

linux/centos/relspec.spec

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name:           relspec
-Version:        1.0.74
+Version:        1.0.85
 Release:        1%{?dist}
 Summary:        RelSpec is a comprehensive database relations management tool that reads, transforms, and writes database table specifications across multiple formats and ORMs.
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ DBML, GraphQL, and more.
 export CGO_ENABLED=0
 go build \
     -trimpath \
-    -ldflags "-X git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/cmd/relspec.version=%{version}" \
+    -ldflags "-X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.Version=v%{version}' -X 'git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/buildinfo.BuildDate=$(date -u +"%%Y-%%m-%%d %%H:%%M:%%S UTC")'" \
     -o %{name} ./cmd/relspec
 
 %install

pkg/buildinfo/buildinfo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Package buildinfo exposes the RelSpec version and build date so that both the
+// CLI and the schema writers can stamp generated output with the same values.
+package buildinfo
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Version and BuildDate are set via -ldflags at build time (see Makefile). When
+// built without ldflags they are backfilled from the Go module build info.
+var (
+	Version   = "dev"
+	BuildDate = "unknown"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	if Version != "dev" {
+		return
+	}
+	info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	var rev, vcsTime string
+	for _, s := range info.Settings {
+		switch s.Key {
+		case "vcs.revision":
+			if len(s.Value) >= 7 {
+				rev = s.Value[:7]
+			}
+		case "vcs.time":
+			vcsTime = s.Value
+		}
+	}
+	if rev != "" {
+		Version = rev
+	}
+	if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, vcsTime); err == nil {
+		BuildDate = t.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 UTC")
+	}
+}
+
+// GeneratedComment returns the one-line provenance string embedded in generated
+// files, e.g. "RelSpec dev (built: unknown)".
+func GeneratedComment() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("RelSpec %s (built: %s)", Version, BuildDate)
+}
+
+const AsciiLogo = `
+██████╗ ███████╗██╗     ███████╗██████╗ ███████╗ ██████╗
+██╔══██╗██╔════╝██║     ██╔════╝██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔════╝
+██████╔╝█████╗  ██║     ███████╗██████╔╝█████╗  ██║
+██╔══██╗██╔══╝  ██║     ╚════██║██╔═══╝ ██╔══╝  ██║
+██║  ██║███████╗███████╗███████║██║     ███████╗╚██████╗
+╚═╝  ╚═╝╚══════╝╚══════╝╚══════╝╚═╝     ╚══════╝ ╚═════╝
+[ IN ] ──▶ [ RELSPEC ] ──▶ [ OUT ]
+╔══════════════════════════════════════╗
+║                                      ║
+║   © WARKY DEVS                       ║
+║   Author: Hein (hein@warky.dev)      ║
+║                                      ║
+╚══════════════════════════════════════╝
+`

pkg/inspector/README.md

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ rules:
 | `missing_primary_key` | `have_primary_key` | Ensure tables have primary keys |
 | `orphaned_foreign_key` | `orphaned_foreign_key` | Detect FKs referencing non-existent tables |
 | `circular_dependency` | `circular_dependency` | Detect circular FK dependencies |
+| `duplicate_index_name` | `duplicate_index_name` | Index / PK / unique names must be unique per schema (default: `enforce`) |
 
 ## Rule Configuration
 

pkg/inspector/inspector.go

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ func getValidator(functionName string) (validatorFunc, bool) {
 		"have_primary_key":              validateMissingPrimaryKey,
 		"orphaned_foreign_key":          validateOrphanedForeignKey,
 		"circular_dependency":           validateCircularDependency,
+		"duplicate_index_name":          validateDuplicateIndexName,
 	}
 
 	fn, exists := validators[functionName]

pkg/inspector/rules.go

@@ -154,6 +154,11 @@ func GetDefaultConfig() *Config {
 				Function: "circular_dependency",
 				Message:  "Circular foreign key dependency detected",
 			},
+			"duplicate_index_name": {
+				Enabled:  "enforce",
+				Function: "duplicate_index_name",
+				Message:  "Index name is reused within the schema; PostgreSQL skips the duplicate CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS",
+			},
 		},
 	}
 }

pkg/inspector/rules_test.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func TestGetDefaultConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		"missing_primary_key",
 		"orphaned_foreign_key",
 		"circular_dependency",
+		"duplicate_index_name",
 	}
 
 	for _, ruleName := range expectedRules {

pkg/inspector/validators.go

@@ -643,3 +643,64 @@ func contains(slice []string, value string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+// validateDuplicateIndexName checks that index names are unique per schema.
+// PostgreSQL keeps indexes in the schema-wide relation namespace, so a name
+// reused on another table makes CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS silently skip it.
+// Primary key and unique constraints create backing indexes and share that
+// namespace too. An index and a constraint with the same name on the same
+// table describe one object and are not reported.
+func validateDuplicateIndexName(db *models.Database, rule Rule, ruleName string) []ValidationResult {
+	results := []ValidationResult{}
+
+	for _, schema := range db.Schemas {
+		// lowercased name -> "table" entries, one per distinct object
+		owners := make(map[string][]string)
+		display := make(map[string]string)
+		order := []string{}
+
+		add := func(name, table string, sameTableMerges bool) {
+			key := strings.ToLower(name)
+			if _, seen := owners[key]; !seen {
+				order = append(order, key)
+				display[key] = name
+			}
+			if sameTableMerges && contains(owners[key], table) {
+				return
+			}
+			owners[key] = append(owners[key], table)
+		}
+
+		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
+			for _, key := range sortedKeys(table.Indexes) {
+				if name := table.Indexes[key].Name; name != "" {
+					add(name, table.Name, false)
+				}
+			}
+			for _, c := range sortConstraints(table.Constraints) {
+				if c.Name == "" || (c.Type != models.PrimaryKeyConstraint && c.Type != models.UniqueConstraint) {
+					continue
+				}
+				add(c.Name, table.Name, true)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, key := range order {
+			tables := owners[key]
+			results = append(results, createResult(
+				ruleName,
+				len(tables) == 1,
+				rule.Message,
+				formatLocation(schema.Name, display[key], "")+" on "+strings.Join(tables, ", "),
+				map[string]interface{}{
+					"schema":      schema.Name,
+					"index":       display[key],
+					"tables":      tables,
+					"occurrences": len(tables),
+				},
+			))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return results
+}

pkg/inspector/validators_test.go

@@ -835,3 +835,84 @@ func TestFormatLocation(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestValidateDuplicateIndexName(t *testing.T) {
+	db := &models.Database{
+		Name: "testdb",
+		Schemas: []*models.Schema{
+			{
+				Name: "entity",
+				Tables: []*models.Table{
+					{
+						Name: "actor_phone",
+						Indexes: map[string]*models.Index{
+							"idx_actor": {Name: "idx_actor", Columns: []string{"rid_actor"}},
+							"uk_phone":  {Name: "uk_phone", Columns: []string{"phone"}, Unique: true},
+						},
+						Constraints: map[string]*models.Constraint{
+							// Same name as the index on the same table: one object.
+							"uk_phone": {Name: "uk_phone", Type: models.UniqueConstraint, Columns: []string{"phone"}},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "actor_email",
+						Indexes: map[string]*models.Index{
+							"idx_actor": {Name: "idx_actor", Columns: []string{"rid_actor"}},
+						},
+						Constraints: map[string]*models.Constraint{
+							"UK_Phone": {Name: "UK_Phone", Type: models.UniqueConstraint, Columns: []string{"email"}},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "actor_address",
+						Indexes: map[string]*models.Index{
+							"idx_actor":   {Name: "idx_actor", Columns: []string{"rid_actor"}},
+							"idx_actor#2": {Name: "idx_actor", Columns: []string{"rid_actor", "kind"}},
+							"idx_address": {Name: "idx_address", Columns: []string{"line1"}},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				// Same names in another schema do not collide.
+				Name: "org",
+				Tables: []*models.Table{
+					{Name: "api_provider", Indexes: map[string]*models.Index{"idx_actor": {Name: "idx_actor"}}},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	results := validateDuplicateIndexName(db, Rule{Message: "dup"}, "duplicate_index_name")
+
+	got := map[string]bool{}
+	occ := map[string]int{}
+	for _, r := range results {
+		key := r.Context["schema"].(string) + "." + r.Context["index"].(string)
+		got[key] = r.Passed
+		occ[key] = r.Context["occurrences"].(int)
+	}
+
+	want := map[string]struct {
+		passed bool
+		occ    int
+	}{
+		"entity.idx_actor":   {false, 4},
+		"entity.uk_phone":    {false, 2},
+		"entity.idx_address": {true, 1},
+		"org.idx_actor":      {true, 1},
+	}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d results %v, want %d", len(got), got, len(want))
+	}
+	for k, w := range want {
+		p, ok := got[k]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Errorf("missing result for %s", k)
+			continue
+		}
+		if p != w.passed || occ[k] != w.occ {
+			t.Errorf("%s: passed=%v occurrences=%d, want passed=%v occurrences=%d", k, p, occ[k], w.passed, w.occ)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/jobs/jobs.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -276,15 +277,22 @@ func parseHumanSize(s string) (int64, error) {
 
 // Options carries the subset of command flags a job file may set.
 type Options struct {
-	FlattenSchema   bool   `yaml:"flatten_schema"`
-	Schema          string `yaml:"schema"`
-	Package         string `yaml:"package"`
+	FlattenSchema bool   `yaml:"flatten_schema"`
+	Schema        string `yaml:"schema"`
+	Package       string `yaml:"package"`
+	// Types and ArrayNullable mirror the existing convert/split writer flags.
+	// They are passed through only to writers that already support them.
+	Types           string `yaml:"types"`
+	ArrayNullable   string `yaml:"array_nullable"`
 	ContinueOnError bool   `yaml:"continue_on_error"`
-	SkipRelations   bool   `yaml:"skip_relations"`
-	SkipEnums       bool   `yaml:"skip_enums"`
-	SkipViews       bool   `yaml:"skip_views"`
-	SkipDomains     bool   `yaml:"skip_domains"`
-	SkipSequences   bool   `yaml:"skip_sequences"`
+	// FullDDL makes direct pgsql output execute the full idempotent DDL instead of
+	// diffing against the live database first.
+	FullDDL       bool `yaml:"full_ddl"`
+	SkipRelations bool `yaml:"skip_relations"`
+	SkipEnums     bool `yaml:"skip_enums"`
+	SkipViews     bool `yaml:"skip_views"`
+	SkipDomains   bool `yaml:"skip_domains"`
+	SkipSequences bool `yaml:"skip_sequences"`
 }
 
 // Dir returns the directory that a job's relative paths resolve against:
@@ -568,7 +576,9 @@ func (j *Job) validate() []string {
 			e = append(e, "command \"templ\" does not support database output")
 		}
 		if j.Output != nil && j.Output.Format != "" {
-			e = append(e, "output.format is not valid for command \"templ\"")
+			if !strings.EqualFold(j.Output.Format, "text") {
+				e = append(e, "command \"templ\" accepts only output.format: text")
+			}
 		}
 	case CommandSplit:
 		if len(j.Inputs) < 1 {
@@ -850,6 +860,29 @@ func SafeJoin(root, rel string) (string, error) {
 	return joined, nil
 }
 
+var envReferencePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`\$\{([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\}`)
+
+// ExpandEnv expands ${NAME} references using the current process environment.
+// It deliberately supports only shell-independent variable references; job
+// files are never passed through a shell. An unset variable is an error so a
+// typo cannot silently turn into a relative path.
+func ExpandEnv(value string) (string, error) {
+	var missing string
+	expanded := envReferencePattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(value, func(reference string) string {
+		name := reference[2 : len(reference)-1]
+		resolved, ok := os.LookupEnv(name)
+		if !ok {
+			missing = name
+			return reference
+		}
+		return resolved
+	})
+	if missing != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("environment variable %q referenced by ${%s} is not set", missing, missing)
+	}
+	return expanded, nil
+}
+
 // deepestExistingAncestor returns p itself if it exists, otherwise the nearest
 // existing parent directory (falling back to the filesystem root).
 func deepestExistingAncestor(p string) string {

pkg/jobs/jobs_test.go

@@ -135,6 +135,21 @@ func TestParseHumanSize(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestExpandEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("RELSPEC_TEST_ROOT", "build/output")
+	got, err := ExpandEnv("${RELSPEC_TEST_ROOT}/schema-${RELSPEC_TEST_ROOT}")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := "build/output/schema-build/output"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("ExpandEnv = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := ExpandEnv("build/${RELSPEC_TEST_MISSING}"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected missing environment variable error")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLoadRejectsDuplicateJobAcrossFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	a := filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")

pkg/merge/merge.go

@@ -91,6 +91,45 @@ func (r *MergeResult) merge(target, source *models.Database, opts *MergeOptions)
 	if !opts.SkipDomains {
 		r.mergeDomains(target, source)
 	}
+
+	mergeDatabaseMetadata(target, source)
+}
+
+// mergeDatabaseMetadata adds missing metadata keys and unions []string values,
+// so per-file reader state (e.g. pending DBML commented refs) survives a merge.
+func mergeDatabaseMetadata(target, source *models.Database) {
+	if len(source.Metadata) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if target.Metadata == nil {
+		target.Metadata = make(map[string]any, len(source.Metadata))
+	}
+	for key, srcVal := range source.Metadata {
+		tgtVal, exists := target.Metadata[key]
+		if !exists {
+			if list, ok := srcVal.([]string); ok {
+				srcVal = append([]string(nil), list...)
+			}
+			target.Metadata[key] = srcVal
+			continue
+		}
+		tgtList, tgtOK := tgtVal.([]string)
+		srcList, srcOK := srcVal.([]string)
+		if !tgtOK || !srcOK {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen := make(map[string]bool, len(tgtList))
+		for _, v := range tgtList {
+			seen[v] = true
+		}
+		for _, v := range srcList {
+			if !seen[v] {
+				tgtList = append(tgtList, v)
+				seen[v] = true
+			}
+		}
+		target.Metadata[key] = tgtList
+	}
 }
 
 func (r *MergeResult) mergeSchemaContents(target, source *models.Schema, opts *MergeOptions) {

pkg/merge/merge_test.go

@@ -721,3 +721,32 @@ func TestComplexMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("Expected ukey_users_guid constraint to exist")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMergeDatabases_Metadata(t *testing.T) {
+	target := &models.Database{Metadata: map[string]any{
+		"refs": []string{"a", "b"},
+		"name": "target",
+	}}
+	source := &models.Database{Metadata: map[string]any{
+		"refs":  []string{"b", "c"},
+		"name":  "source",
+		"extra": []string{"x"},
+	}}
+
+	MergeDatabases(target, source, nil)
+
+	if got := target.Metadata["refs"].([]string); strings.Join(got, ",") != "a,b,c" {
+		t.Errorf("refs = %v, want [a b c]", got)
+	}
+	if got := target.Metadata["name"]; got != "target" {
+		t.Errorf("name = %v, want target (existing scalar keys are kept)", got)
+	}
+	extra := target.Metadata["extra"].([]string)
+	if strings.Join(extra, ",") != "x" {
+		t.Errorf("extra = %v, want [x]", extra)
+	}
+	source.Metadata["extra"].([]string)[0] = "changed"
+	if extra[0] != "x" {
+		t.Error("copied slice must not alias the source")
+	}
+}

pkg/models/directives.go

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Directive is a dialect-specific instruction embedded in a source schema
+// (currently DBML) that is preserved losslessly in the intermediate model and
+// consumed only by the writer for its namespace. Directives are stored in the
+// Metadata map of the object they apply to, under DirectivesMetadataKey.
+//
+// Example DBML: `@postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)` parses to
+// Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Key: "partition", Args: "partition by RANGE (created_at)"}.
+type Directive struct {
+	// Namespace is the dialect the directive targets, e.g. "postgres" or "sqlite".
+	Namespace string `json:"namespace" yaml:"namespace"`
+	// Key is the lowercased first token of Args, used for duplicate detection
+	// and writer dispatch.
+	Key string `json:"key,omitempty" yaml:"key,omitempty"`
+	// Args is the verbatim argument text following the "@namespace:" prefix.
+	Args string `json:"args" yaml:"args"`
+	// Line is the 1-based source line the directive was read from, when known.
+	Line int `json:"line,omitempty" yaml:"line,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DirectivesMetadataKey is the Metadata map key under which the ordered list of
+// dialect directives for an object is stored.
+const DirectivesMetadataKey = "directives"
+
+// DirectiveKey derives the Key for a directive from its argument text: the
+// lowercased first whitespace-delimited token.
+func DirectiveKey(args string) string {
+	fields := strings.Fields(args)
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(fields[0])
+}
+
+// AddDirective appends d to the directive list stored in meta. The caller is
+// responsible for ensuring meta is non-nil (all Init* constructors allocate it).
+// If d.Key is empty it is derived from d.Args.
+func AddDirective(meta map[string]any, d Directive) {
+	if meta == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if d.Key == "" {
+		d.Key = DirectiveKey(d.Args)
+	}
+	existing := GetDirectives(meta)
+	existing = append(existing, d)
+	meta[DirectivesMetadataKey] = existing
+}
+
+// GetDirectives returns the directives stored in meta, sorted deterministically
+// by (Namespace, Line, Args). It tolerates both a freshly built []Directive and
+// the []any of map[string]any produced by a JSON/YAML round-trip.
+func GetDirectives(meta map[string]any) []Directive {
+	if meta == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw, ok := meta[DirectivesMetadataKey]
+	if !ok || raw == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var out []Directive
+	switch v := raw.(type) {
+	case []Directive:
+		out = append(out, v...)
+	case []any:
+		for _, item := range v {
+			if d, ok := directiveFromAny(item); ok {
+				out = append(out, d)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if out[i].Namespace != out[j].Namespace {
+			return out[i].Namespace < out[j].Namespace
+		}
+		if out[i].Line != out[j].Line {
+			return out[i].Line < out[j].Line
+		}
+		return out[i].Args < out[j].Args
+	})
+	return out
+}
+
+// directiveFromAny decodes a single directive from the loosely typed forms that
+// survive a JSON or YAML round-trip (map[string]any / map[any]any).
+func directiveFromAny(item any) (Directive, bool) {
+	switch m := item.(type) {
+	case Directive:
+		return m, true
+	case map[string]any:
+		return directiveFromStringMap(m), true
+	case map[any]any:
+		sm := make(map[string]any, len(m))
+		for k, val := range m {
+			if ks, ok := k.(string); ok {
+				sm[ks] = val
+			}
+		}
+		return directiveFromStringMap(sm), true
+	}
+	return Directive{}, false
+}
+
+func directiveFromStringMap(m map[string]any) Directive {
+	d := Directive{}
+	if s, ok := m["namespace"].(string); ok {
+		d.Namespace = s
+	}
+	if s, ok := m["key"].(string); ok {
+		d.Key = s
+	}
+	if s, ok := m["args"].(string); ok {
+		d.Args = s
+	}
+	switch n := m["line"].(type) {
+	case int:
+		d.Line = n
+	case int64:
+		d.Line = int(n)
+	case float64:
+		d.Line = int(n)
+	}
+	if d.Key == "" {
+		d.Key = DirectiveKey(d.Args)
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// DirectivesForNamespace returns the directives in meta that target ns, in the
+// deterministic order of GetDirectives.
+func DirectivesForNamespace(meta map[string]any, ns string) []Directive {
+	all := GetDirectives(meta)
+	if len(all) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]Directive, 0, len(all))
+	for _, d := range all {
+		if d.Namespace == ns {
+			out = append(out, d)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// HasDirective reports whether meta contains a directive with the given
+// namespace and key.
+func HasDirective(meta map[string]any, ns, key string) bool {
+	for _, d := range GetDirectives(meta) {
+		if d.Namespace == ns && d.Key == key {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// DirectiveSpec describes a documented directive in the catalog.
+type DirectiveSpec struct {
+	// Singleton means only one directive with this namespace/key may appear at
+	// a single location; a second one is a parse error.
+	Singleton bool
+	// Locations lists the location kinds the directive is valid at
+	// ("database", "table", "column", "index").
+	Locations []string
+}
+
+// Location kinds a directive may attach to.
+const (
+	DirectiveLocationDatabase = "database"
+	DirectiveLocationTable    = "table"
+	DirectiveLocationColumn   = "column"
+	DirectiveLocationIndex    = "index"
+)
+
+// DirectiveCatalog is the set of documented directives per namespace. It is used
+// for strict-mode validation in readers and writers; unknown namespaces/keys are
+// still preserved losslessly when strict mode is off.
+var DirectiveCatalog = map[string]map[string]DirectiveSpec{
+	"postgres": {
+		"partition":   {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationTable}},
+		"tablespace":  {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationTable, DirectiveLocationIndex}},
+		"inherits":    {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationTable}},
+		"with":        {Singleton: false, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationTable, DirectiveLocationIndex}},
+		"storage":     {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationColumn}},
+		"compression": {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationColumn}},
+		"identity":    {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationColumn}},
+	},
+	"sqlite": {
+		"without": {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationTable}},
+		"strict":  {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationTable}},
+		"collate": {Singleton: true, Locations: []string{DirectiveLocationColumn}},
+	},
+}
+
+// LookupDirectiveSpec returns the catalog spec for a namespace/key and whether
+// it is documented.
+func LookupDirectiveSpec(ns, key string) (DirectiveSpec, bool) {
+	keys, ok := DirectiveCatalog[ns]
+	if !ok {
+		return DirectiveSpec{}, false
+	}
+	spec, ok := keys[key]
+	return spec, ok
+}
+
+// DirectiveLocationAllowed reports whether a documented directive may appear at
+// the given location. Unknown directives (not in the catalog) are allowed
+// everywhere so they can be preserved.
+func DirectiveLocationAllowed(ns, key, location string) bool {
+	spec, ok := LookupDirectiveSpec(ns, key)
+	if !ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, l := range spec.Locations {
+		if l == location {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// FormatDirectiveLine renders a directive back to its DBML source form, e.g.
+// "@postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)" or "@postgres(id): identity always".
+func FormatDirectiveLine(d Directive, target string) string {
+	if target != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("@%s(%s): %s", d.Namespace, target, d.Args)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("@%s: %s", d.Namespace, d.Args)
+}

pkg/models/directives_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package models
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDirectiveKey(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"partition by RANGE (created_at)": "partition",
+		"WITHOUT ROWID":                   "without",
+		"  strict  ":                      "strict",
+		"":                                "",
+	}
+	for args, want := range cases {
+		if got := DirectiveKey(args); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("DirectiveKey(%q) = %q, want %q", args, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAddDirectiveDerivesKey(t *testing.T) {
+	meta := map[string]any{}
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "partition by RANGE (x)", Line: 2})
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Key: "tablespace", Args: "tablespace fast", Line: 3})
+
+	got := GetDirectives(meta)
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d directives, want 2", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].Key != "partition" {
+		t.Errorf("derived key = %q, want %q", got[0].Key, "partition")
+	}
+	if got[1].Key != "tablespace" {
+		t.Errorf("explicit key = %q, want %q", got[1].Key, "tablespace")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAddDirectiveNilMeta(t *testing.T) {
+	// Must not panic.
+	AddDirective(nil, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "strict"})
+}
+
+func TestGetDirectivesOrdering(t *testing.T) {
+	meta := map[string]any{}
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "sqlite", Args: "strict", Line: 9})
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "with (b)", Line: 5})
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "with (a)", Line: 5})
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "partition by x", Line: 2})
+
+	got := GetDirectives(meta)
+	wantArgs := []string{"partition by x", "with (a)", "with (b)", "strict"}
+	if len(got) != len(wantArgs) {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d directives, want %d", len(got), len(wantArgs))
+	}
+	for i, w := range wantArgs {
+		if got[i].Args != w {
+			t.Errorf("directive[%d].Args = %q, want %q", i, got[i].Args, w)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetDirectivesTolerantDecodeAfterJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	meta := map[string]any{}
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "partition by RANGE (created_at)", Line: 4})
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "sqlite", Args: "without rowid", Line: 6})
+
+	blob, err := json.Marshal(meta)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	var round map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &round); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got := GetDirectives(round)
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d directives after JSON round-trip, want 2", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].Namespace != "postgres" || got[0].Key != "partition" || got[0].Line != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("post-JSON directive[0] = %+v", got[0])
+	}
+	if got[0].Args != "partition by RANGE (created_at)" {
+		t.Errorf("post-JSON args not verbatim: %q", got[0].Args)
+	}
+	if got[1].Namespace != "sqlite" || got[1].Key != "without" {
+		t.Errorf("post-JSON directive[1] = %+v", got[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectivesForNamespaceAndHasDirective(t *testing.T) {
+	meta := map[string]any{}
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "partition by x", Line: 1})
+	AddDirective(meta, Directive{Namespace: "sqlite", Args: "strict", Line: 2})
+
+	pg := DirectivesForNamespace(meta, "postgres")
+	if len(pg) != 1 || pg[0].Key != "partition" {
+		t.Errorf("DirectivesForNamespace(postgres) = %+v", pg)
+	}
+	if !HasDirective(meta, "sqlite", "strict") {
+		t.Error("HasDirective(sqlite, strict) = false, want true")
+	}
+	if HasDirective(meta, "postgres", "tablespace") {
+		t.Error("HasDirective(postgres, tablespace) = true, want false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectiveLocationAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	if !DirectiveLocationAllowed("postgres", "partition", DirectiveLocationTable) {
+		t.Error("partition should be allowed at table level")
+	}
+	if DirectiveLocationAllowed("postgres", "partition", DirectiveLocationColumn) {
+		t.Error("partition should not be allowed at column level")
+	}
+	// Unknown directives are allowed everywhere so they can be preserved.
+	if !DirectiveLocationAllowed("postgres", "bogus", DirectiveLocationDatabase) {
+		t.Error("unknown key should be allowed everywhere")
+	}
+	if !DirectiveLocationAllowed("madeup", "x", DirectiveLocationTable) {
+		t.Error("unknown namespace should be allowed everywhere")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatDirectiveLine(t *testing.T) {
+	d := Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Key: "identity", Args: "identity always"}
+	if got := FormatDirectiveLine(d, ""); got != "@postgres: identity always" {
+		t.Errorf("FormatDirectiveLine no target = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := FormatDirectiveLine(d, "id"); got != "@postgres(id): identity always" {
+		t.Errorf("FormatDirectiveLine with target = %q", got)
+	}
+}

pkg/models/models.go

@@ -24,16 +24,17 @@ const (
 
 // Database represents the complete database schema
 type Database struct {
-	Name            string       `json:"name" yaml:"name"`
-	Description     string       `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty" xml:"description,omitempty"`
-	Schemas         []*Schema    `json:"schemas" yaml:"schemas" xml:"schemas"`
-	Domains         []*Domain    `json:"domains,omitempty" yaml:"domains,omitempty" xml:"domains,omitempty"`
-	Comment         string       `json:"comment,omitempty" yaml:"comment,omitempty" xml:"comment,omitempty"`
-	DatabaseType    DatabaseType `json:"database_type,omitempty" yaml:"database_type,omitempty" xml:"database_type,omitempty"`
-	DatabaseVersion string       `json:"database_version,omitempty" yaml:"database_version,omitempty" xml:"database_version,omitempty"`
-	SourceFormat    string       `json:"source_format,omitempty" yaml:"source_format,omitempty" xml:"source_format,omitempty"` // Source Format of the database.
-	UpdatedAt       string       `json:"updatedat,omitempty" yaml:"updatedat,omitempty" xml:"updatedat,omitempty"`
-	GUID            string       `json:"guid" yaml:"guid" xml:"guid"`
+	Name            string         `json:"name" yaml:"name"`
+	Description     string         `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty" xml:"description,omitempty"`
+	Schemas         []*Schema      `json:"schemas" yaml:"schemas" xml:"schemas"`
+	Domains         []*Domain      `json:"domains,omitempty" yaml:"domains,omitempty" xml:"domains,omitempty"`
+	Comment         string         `json:"comment,omitempty" yaml:"comment,omitempty" xml:"comment,omitempty"`
+	DatabaseType    DatabaseType   `json:"database_type,omitempty" yaml:"database_type,omitempty" xml:"database_type,omitempty"`
+	DatabaseVersion string         `json:"database_version,omitempty" yaml:"database_version,omitempty" xml:"database_version,omitempty"`
+	SourceFormat    string         `json:"source_format,omitempty" yaml:"source_format,omitempty" xml:"source_format,omitempty"` // Source Format of the database.
+	Metadata        map[string]any `json:"metadata,omitempty" yaml:"metadata,omitempty" xml:"-"`
+	UpdatedAt       string         `json:"updatedat,omitempty" yaml:"updatedat,omitempty" xml:"updatedat,omitempty"`
+	GUID            string         `json:"guid" yaml:"guid" xml:"guid"`
 }
 
 // SQLName returns the database name in lowercase for SQL compatibility.
@@ -226,22 +227,27 @@ func (d *Sequence) SQLName() string {
 
 // Column represents a table column
 type Column struct {
-	Name          string `json:"name" yaml:"name" xml:"name"`
-	Description   string `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty" xml:"description,omitempty"`
-	Table         string `json:"table" yaml:"table" xml:"table"`
-	Schema        string `json:"schema" yaml:"schema" xml:"schema"`
-	Type          string `json:"type" yaml:"type" xml:"type"`
-	Length        int    `json:"length,omitempty" yaml:"length,omitempty" xml:"length,omitempty"`
-	Precision     int    `json:"precision,omitempty" yaml:"precision,omitempty" xml:"precision,omitempty"`
-	Scale         int    `json:"scale,omitempty" yaml:"scale,omitempty" xml:"scale,omitempty"`
-	NotNull       bool   `json:"not_null" yaml:"not_null" xml:"not_null"`
-	Default       any    `json:"default,omitempty" yaml:"default,omitempty" xml:"default,omitempty"`
-	AutoIncrement bool   `json:"auto_increment" yaml:"auto_increment" xml:"auto_increment"`
-	IsPrimaryKey  bool   `json:"is_primary_key" yaml:"is_primary_key" xml:"is_primary_key"`
-	Comment       string `json:"comment,omitempty" yaml:"comment,omitempty" xml:"comment,omitempty"`
-	Collation     string `json:"collation,omitempty" yaml:"collation,omitempty" xml:"collation,omitempty"`
-	Sequence      uint   `json:"sequence,omitempty" yaml:"sequence,omitempty" xml:"sequence,omitempty"`
-	GUID          string `json:"guid" yaml:"guid" xml:"guid"`
+	Name                 string         `json:"name" yaml:"name" xml:"name"`
+	Description          string         `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty" xml:"description,omitempty"`
+	Table                string         `json:"table" yaml:"table" xml:"table"`
+	Schema               string         `json:"schema" yaml:"schema" xml:"schema"`
+	Type                 string         `json:"type" yaml:"type" xml:"type"`
+	Length               int            `json:"length,omitempty" yaml:"length,omitempty" xml:"length,omitempty"`
+	Precision            int            `json:"precision,omitempty" yaml:"precision,omitempty" xml:"precision,omitempty"`
+	Scale                int            `json:"scale,omitempty" yaml:"scale,omitempty" xml:"scale,omitempty"`
+	NotNull              bool           `json:"not_null" yaml:"not_null" xml:"not_null"`
+	Default              any            `json:"default,omitempty" yaml:"default,omitempty" xml:"default,omitempty"`
+	AutoIncrement        bool           `json:"auto_increment" yaml:"auto_increment" xml:"auto_increment"`
+	IsPrimaryKey         bool           `json:"is_primary_key" yaml:"is_primary_key" xml:"is_primary_key"`
+	Comment              string         `json:"comment,omitempty" yaml:"comment,omitempty" xml:"comment,omitempty"`
+	Collation            string         `json:"collation,omitempty" yaml:"collation,omitempty" xml:"collation,omitempty"`
+	Metadata             map[string]any `json:"metadata,omitempty" yaml:"metadata,omitempty" xml:"-"`
+	Sequence             uint           `json:"sequence,omitempty" yaml:"sequence,omitempty" xml:"sequence,omitempty"`
+	GUID                 string         `json:"guid" yaml:"guid" xml:"guid"`
+	Generated            bool           `json:"generated,omitempty" yaml:"generated,omitempty" xml:"generated,omitempty"`
+	GenerationExpression string         `json:"generation_expression,omitempty" yaml:"generation_expression,omitempty" xml:"generation_expression,omitempty"`
+	Identity             bool           `json:"identity,omitempty" yaml:"identity,omitempty" xml:"identity,omitempty"`
+	IdentityGeneration   string         `json:"identity_generation,omitempty" yaml:"identity_generation,omitempty" xml:"identity_generation,omitempty"` // "ALWAYS" or "BY DEFAULT"
 }
 
 // SQLName returns the column name in lowercase for SQL compatibility.
@@ -252,19 +258,20 @@ func (d *Column) SQLName() string {
 // Index represents a database index for optimizing query performance.
 // Indexes can be unique, partial, or include additional columns.
 type Index struct {
-	Name        string   `json:"name" yaml:"name" xml:"name"`
-	Description string   `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty" xml:"description,omitempty"`
-	Table       string   `json:"table,omitempty" yaml:"table,omitempty" xml:"table,omitempty"`
-	Schema      string   `json:"schema,omitempty" yaml:"schema,omitempty" xml:"schema,omitempty"`
-	Columns     []string `json:"columns" yaml:"columns" xml:"columns"`
-	Unique      bool     `json:"unique" yaml:"unique" xml:"unique"`
-	Type        string   `json:"type" yaml:"type" xml:"type"`                                  // btree, hash, gin, gist, etc.
-	Where       string   `json:"where,omitempty" yaml:"where,omitempty" xml:"where,omitempty"` // partial index condition
-	Concurrent  bool     `json:"concurrent,omitempty" yaml:"concurrent,omitempty" xml:"concurrent,omitempty"`
-	Include     []string `json:"include,omitempty" yaml:"include,omitempty" xml:"include,omitempty"` // INCLUDE columns
-	Comment     string   `json:"comment,omitempty" yaml:"comment,omitempty" xml:"comment,omitempty"`
-	Sequence    uint     `json:"sequence,omitempty" yaml:"sequence,omitempty" xml:"sequence,omitempty"`
-	GUID        string   `json:"guid" yaml:"guid" xml:"guid"`
+	Name        string         `json:"name" yaml:"name" xml:"name"`
+	Description string         `json:"description,omitempty" yaml:"description,omitempty" xml:"description,omitempty"`
+	Table       string         `json:"table,omitempty" yaml:"table,omitempty" xml:"table,omitempty"`
+	Schema      string         `json:"schema,omitempty" yaml:"schema,omitempty" xml:"schema,omitempty"`
+	Columns     []string       `json:"columns" yaml:"columns" xml:"columns"`
+	Unique      bool           `json:"unique" yaml:"unique" xml:"unique"`
+	Type        string         `json:"type" yaml:"type" xml:"type"`                                  // btree, hash, gin, gist, etc.
+	Where       string         `json:"where,omitempty" yaml:"where,omitempty" xml:"where,omitempty"` // partial index condition
+	Concurrent  bool           `json:"concurrent,omitempty" yaml:"concurrent,omitempty" xml:"concurrent,omitempty"`
+	Include     []string       `json:"include,omitempty" yaml:"include,omitempty" xml:"include,omitempty"` // INCLUDE columns
+	Comment     string         `json:"comment,omitempty" yaml:"comment,omitempty" xml:"comment,omitempty"`
+	Metadata    map[string]any `json:"metadata,omitempty" yaml:"metadata,omitempty" xml:"-"`
+	Sequence    uint           `json:"sequence,omitempty" yaml:"sequence,omitempty" xml:"sequence,omitempty"`
+	GUID        string         `json:"guid" yaml:"guid" xml:"guid"`
 }
 
 // SQLName returns the index name in lowercase for SQL compatibility.
@@ -393,10 +400,11 @@ func (d *Script) SQLName() string {
 // InitDatabase initializes a new Database with empty slices
 func InitDatabase(name string) *Database {
 	return &Database{
-		Name:    name,
-		Schemas: make([]*Schema, 0),
-		Domains: make([]*Domain, 0),
-		GUID:    uuid.New().String(),
+		Name:     name,
+		Schemas:  make([]*Schema, 0),
+		Domains:  make([]*Domain, 0),
+		Metadata: make(map[string]any),
+		GUID:     uuid.New().String(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -431,22 +439,24 @@ func InitTable(name, schema string) *Table {
 // InitColumn initializes a new Column
 func InitColumn(name, table, schema string) *Column {
 	return &Column{
-		Name:   name,
-		Table:  table,
-		Schema: schema,
-		GUID:   uuid.New().String(),
+		Name:     name,
+		Table:    table,
+		Schema:   schema,
+		Metadata: make(map[string]any),
+		GUID:     uuid.New().String(),
 	}
 }
 
 // InitIndex initializes a new Index with empty slices
 func InitIndex(name, table, schema string) *Index {
 	return &Index{
-		Name:    name,
-		Table:   table,
-		Schema:  schema,
-		Columns: make([]string, 0),
-		Include: make([]string, 0),
-		GUID:    uuid.New().String(),
+		Name:     name,
+		Table:    table,
+		Schema:   schema,
+		Columns:  make([]string, 0),
+		Include:  make([]string, 0),
+		Metadata: make(map[string]any),
+		GUID:     uuid.New().String(),
 	}
 }
 

pkg/readers/bun/README.md

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ The reader recognizes the following Bun struct tags:
 - `autoincrement` - Auto-increment column
 - `default` - Default value
 - `unique` - Unique constraint
+- `generated` - Generated column marker (`Generated`; expression is not in the tag)
+- `identity` - Identity column marker (`Identity`, `ALWAYS`)
 - `rel` - Relationship definition
 
 ## Example Bun Model

pkg/readers/bun/generated_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package bun
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+)
+
+func TestReader_GeneratedAndIdentityMarkers(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package models
+
+import "github.com/uptrace/bun"
+
+type Person struct {
+	bun.BaseModel ` + "`bun:\"table:people,alias:p\"`" + `
+
+	ID       int64  ` + "`bun:\"id,pk,type:bigint,autoincrement,identity\"`" + `
+	Seq      int64  ` + "`bun:\"seq,type:bigint,scanonly,identity,notnull\"`" + `
+	FullName string ` + "`bun:\"full_name,type:text,scanonly,generated,nullzero\"`" + `
+	First    string ` + "`bun:\"first,type:text,nullzero\"`" + `
+}
+`
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "person.go")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(src), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	db, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path}).ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	cols := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns
+
+	if !cols["id"].Identity || cols["id"].IdentityGeneration != "ALWAYS" {
+		t.Errorf("id: identity = %v/%q, want true/ALWAYS", cols["id"].Identity, cols["id"].IdentityGeneration)
+	}
+	if !cols["seq"].Identity || cols["seq"].IdentityGeneration != "ALWAYS" {
+		t.Errorf("seq: identity = %v/%q, want true/ALWAYS", cols["seq"].Identity, cols["seq"].IdentityGeneration)
+	}
+	if !cols["full_name"].Generated {
+		t.Error("full_name should be generated")
+	}
+	if cols["first"].Generated || cols["first"].Identity {
+		t.Error("first must be an ordinary column")
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/bun/reader.go

@@ -659,6 +659,13 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumn(fieldName string, fieldType ast.Expr, tag string, s
 			hasExplicitNullableMarker = true
 		case "autoincrement":
 			column.AutoIncrement = true
+		case "generated":
+			// GENERATED ... STORED marker written by the Bun writer; the expression is not in the tag
+			column.Generated = true
+		case "identity":
+			// GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY marker written by the Bun writer
+			column.Identity = true
+			column.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
 		case "default":
 			// Default value from Bun tag (e.g., default:gen_random_uuid())
 			column.Default = value

pkg/readers/dbml/README.md

@@ -90,12 +90,74 @@ Ref: posts.user_id > users.id [delete: cascade]
 - Default values (`default`)
 - Inline references (`ref`)
 - Standalone `Ref` blocks
+- Commented cross-file refs (`// Ref:` — see below)
 - Indexes and composite indexes
 - Table notes and column notes
 - Enums
+- Dialect directives (`@postgres:` / `@sqlite:` — see below)
+
+## Commented cross-file refs
+
+`// Ref:` / `// ref:` lines (ignored by dbdiagram) become FKs + relationships once both ends are loaded.
+
+| Rule | Behaviour |
+|---|---|
+| When | Single file / directory: end of read. `--from-list`, `merge`, jobs: after all inputs are combined |
+| Match | `schema.table.column` on both sides, case-insensitive |
+| Operators | `>`, `<`, `-` (parsed like `Ref:`) |
+| Duplicate of an FK on the same columns | Skipped silently |
+| Target not loaded | Kept pending; skipped with a warning on the final pass |
+| Column type mismatch | Warning, FK still created (`serial`≈`integer`, `bigserial`≈`bigint`) |
+| Pending state | `Database.Metadata["dbml.commented_refs"]` (`[]string`) |
+
+API: `dbml.ResolveCommentedRefs(db, final bool) []string` returns warnings.
+
+## Dialect directives
+
+Lines of the form `@<namespace>[(<column>)]: <args>` embed database-specific
+features that plain DBML cannot express (partitioning, `WITHOUT ROWID`,
+tablespaces, index storage parameters, …). They are stored losslessly on the
+relevant object's `Metadata` and round-trip unchanged through the DBML writer;
+the PostgreSQL and SQLite writers translate the ones they understand to SQL.
+
+```dbml
+@postgres: search_path myapp
+
+Table myapp.events {
+  id bigint [pk]
+  created_at timestamp [not null]
+  @postgres(id): identity always
+  @postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)
+  @sqlite: without rowid
+
+  indexes {
+    (created_at) [name: 'idx_events_created']
+    @postgres: with (fillfactor=90)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Position | Attaches to |
+|----------|-------------|
+| Before the first `Table {` | database |
+| Table body, no `(target)` | that table |
+| Table body, `(col)` target | column `col` (error if unknown) |
+| Inside `indexes { }` | the most recently listed index entry |
+
+`args` is preserved verbatim; the **key** (lowercased first token) drives
+duplicate detection. Repeated directives are kept in order; catalog "singleton"
+keys error on a second occurrence at the same location. All errors are
+line-numbered.
+
+`ReaderOptions.StrictDirectives` (CLI `--strict-directives`) turns an unknown
+namespace or key into an error instead of preserving it silently.
+
+See [`docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md`](../../../docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md) for the full
+grammar and the supported-directive matrix.
 
 ## Notes
 
+- Column notes `GENERATED ALWAYS AS (expr) STORED` and `GENERATED ALWAYS|BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY` set `Generated`/`GenerationExpression` and `Identity`/`IdentityGeneration`; they are not kept as comments
 - DBML is designed for database documentation and diagramming
 - Schema name defaults to `public`
 - Relationship cardinality is preserved

pkg/readers/dbml/commented_refs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+// CommentedRefsMetadataKey is the Database.Metadata key holding commented
+// `// Ref:` lines not yet resolved against the model ([]string).
+const CommentedRefsMetadataKey = "dbml.commented_refs"
+
+// commentedRefRegex matches `// Ref: ...` and `// ref: ...`.
+var commentedRefRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^//\s*[Rr]ef\s*:\s*(.+)$`)
+
+// commentedRef returns the ref body of a trimmed `// Ref:` comment line.
+func commentedRef(line string) (string, bool) {
+	m := commentedRefRegex.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+	if m == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	ref := strings.TrimSpace(m[1])
+	return ref, ref != ""
+}
+
+// PendingCommentedRefs returns the commented refs not yet resolved.
+func PendingCommentedRefs(db *models.Database) []string {
+	if db == nil || db.Metadata == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	refs, _ := db.Metadata[CommentedRefsMetadataKey].([]string)
+	return refs
+}
+
+func setPendingCommentedRefs(db *models.Database, refs []string) {
+	if len(refs) == 0 {
+		if db.Metadata != nil {
+			delete(db.Metadata, CommentedRefsMetadataKey)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if db.Metadata == nil {
+		db.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+	db.Metadata[CommentedRefsMetadataKey] = refs
+}
+
+// addPendingCommentedRef queues a ref, skipping exact repeats.
+func addPendingCommentedRef(db *models.Database, ref string) {
+	refs := PendingCommentedRefs(db)
+	for _, existing := range refs {
+		if existing == ref {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	setPendingCommentedRefs(db, append(refs, ref))
+}
+
+// ResolveCommentedRefs turns pending commented refs into foreign keys and
+// relationships when both ends (schema.table.column) exist in db. A ref that
+// matches an existing FK on the same columns is dropped as a duplicate.
+// Unmatched refs stay pending unless final is set, in which case they are
+// dropped with a warning. Returns human-readable warnings.
+func ResolveCommentedRefs(db *models.Database, final bool) []string {
+	refs := PendingCommentedRefs(db)
+	if len(refs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var warnings []string
+	var pending []string
+	parser := &Reader{}
+
+	for _, ref := range refs {
+		fk := parser.parseRef(ref)
+		if fk == nil || len(fk.Columns) == 0 || len(fk.Columns) != len(fk.ReferencedColumns) {
+			warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("skipping commented ref %q: cannot parse", ref))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		srcTable, srcCols, srcMissing := lookupColumns(db, fk.Schema, fk.Table, fk.Columns)
+		dstTable, dstCols, dstMissing := lookupColumns(db, fk.ReferencedSchema, fk.ReferencedTable, fk.ReferencedColumns)
+		if srcMissing != "" || dstMissing != "" {
+			if final {
+				missing := srcMissing
+				if missing == "" {
+					missing = dstMissing
+				}
+				warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("skipping commented ref %q: %s not found", ref, missing))
+			} else {
+				pending = append(pending, ref)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fk.Schema, fk.Table, fk.Columns = srcTable.Schema, srcTable.Name, columnNames(srcCols)
+		fk.ReferencedSchema, fk.ReferencedTable, fk.ReferencedColumns = dstTable.Schema, dstTable.Name, columnNames(dstCols)
+
+		if hasFKOnColumns(srcTable, fk.Columns) {
+			continue // already declared by an uncommented Ref or inline ref
+		}
+		if _, taken := srcTable.Constraints[fk.Name]; taken {
+			warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("skipping commented ref %q: constraint %s already exists", ref, fk.Name))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for i := range srcCols {
+			if !compatibleFKTypes(srcCols[i].Type, dstCols[i].Type) {
+				warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("commented ref %q: type mismatch %s.%s.%s (%s) -> %s.%s.%s (%s)",
+					ref, srcTable.Schema, srcTable.Name, srcCols[i].Name, srcCols[i].Type,
+					dstTable.Schema, dstTable.Name, dstCols[i].Name, dstCols[i].Type))
+			}
+		}
+
+		if srcTable.Constraints == nil {
+			srcTable.Constraints = make(map[string]*models.Constraint)
+		}
+		srcTable.Constraints[fk.Name] = fk
+		addFKRelationship(srcTable, fk)
+	}
+
+	setPendingCommentedRefs(db, pending)
+	return warnings
+}
+
+// lookupColumns finds a table and its columns, case-insensitively. missing
+// names the first object not found, or is empty.
+func lookupColumns(db *models.Database, schemaName, tableName string, cols []string) (*models.Table, []*models.Column, string) {
+	qualified := schemaName + "." + tableName
+	var table *models.Table
+	for _, schema := range db.Schemas {
+		if !strings.EqualFold(schema.Name, schemaName) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, t := range schema.Tables {
+			if strings.EqualFold(t.Name, tableName) {
+				table = t
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if table == nil {
+		return nil, nil, "table " + qualified
+	}
+
+	found := make([]*models.Column, 0, len(cols))
+	for _, name := range cols {
+		col := table.Columns[name]
+		if col == nil {
+			for _, c := range table.Columns {
+				if strings.EqualFold(c.Name, name) {
+					col = c
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if col == nil {
+			return nil, nil, "column " + qualified + "." + name
+		}
+		found = append(found, col)
+	}
+	return table, found, ""
+}
+
+func columnNames(cols []*models.Column) []string {
+	names := make([]string, len(cols))
+	for i, c := range cols {
+		names[i] = c.Name
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+// hasFKOnColumns reports whether table already has a foreign key over cols.
+func hasFKOnColumns(table *models.Table, cols []string) bool {
+	for _, c := range table.Constraints {
+		if c.Type != models.ForeignKeyConstraint || len(c.Columns) != len(cols) {
+			continue
+		}
+		same := true
+		for i := range cols {
+			if !strings.EqualFold(c.Columns[i], cols[i]) {
+				same = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if same {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// fkTypeAliases maps serial and alias spellings to their storage type.
+var fkTypeAliases = map[string]string{
+	"smallserial": "smallint", "serial2": "smallint", "int2": "smallint",
+	"serial": "integer", "serial4": "integer", "int": "integer", "int4": "integer",
+	"bigserial": "bigint", "serial8": "bigint", "int8": "bigint",
+}
+
+// compatibleFKTypes compares column types ignoring case, length and serial
+// vs. integer spelling. Unknown (empty) types are treated as compatible.
+func compatibleFKTypes(a, b string) bool {
+	na, nb := normalizeFKType(a), normalizeFKType(b)
+	return na == "" || nb == "" || na == nb
+}
+
+func normalizeFKType(t string) string {
+	t = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(t))
+	if i := strings.Index(t, "("); i >= 0 {
+		t = strings.TrimSpace(t[:i])
+	}
+	if alias, ok := fkTypeAliases[t]; ok {
+		return alias
+	}
+	return t
+}

pkg/readers/dbml/commented_refs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+)
+
+func readDBMLString(t *testing.T, content string) *models.Database {
+	t.Helper()
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "in.dbml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	db, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path}).ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	return db
+}
+
+func findTable(db *models.Database, schema, table string) *models.Table {
+	for _, s := range db.Schemas {
+		if s.Name != schema {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, t := range s.Tables {
+			if t.Name == table {
+				return t
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func fkOn(table *models.Table, col string) *models.Constraint {
+	for _, c := range table.Constraints {
+		if c.Type == models.ForeignKeyConstraint && len(c.Columns) == 1 && c.Columns[0] == col {
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func relFor(table *models.Table, fkName string) *models.Relationship {
+	for _, r := range table.Relationships {
+		if r.ForeignKey == fkName {
+			return r
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestCommentedRef(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		line string
+		want string
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{`// Ref: a.b.c > d.e.f`, `a.b.c > d.e.f`, true},
+		{`// ref: a.b.c - d.e.f`, `a.b.c - d.e.f`, true},
+		{`//Ref:a.b.c > d.e.f`, `a.b.c > d.e.f`, true},
+		{`// Reference notes`, "", false},
+		{`// see Ref: a.b.c > d.e.f`, "", false},
+		{`// Ref:`, "", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got, ok := commentedRef(tt.line)
+		if ok != tt.ok || got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("commentedRef(%q) = (%q, %v), want (%q, %v)", tt.line, got, ok, tt.want, tt.ok)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A commented ref whose tables are in the same file resolves on read.
+func TestReader_CommentedRefSameFile(t *testing.T) {
+	db := readDBMLString(t, `Table "org"."department" {
+  "id_department" bigserial [pk]
+}
+Table "entity"."employee" {
+  "id_employee" bigserial [pk]
+  "rid_department" bigint
+}
+// Ref: "entity"."employee"."rid_department" > "org"."department"."id_department" [delete: restrict, update: restrict]
+`)
+	emp := findTable(db, "entity", "employee")
+	fk := fkOn(emp, "rid_department")
+	if fk == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected FK on rid_department")
+	}
+	if fk.ReferencedSchema != "org" || fk.ReferencedTable != "department" || fk.ReferencedColumns[0] != "id_department" {
+		t.Errorf("FK target = %s.%s.%v", fk.ReferencedSchema, fk.ReferencedTable, fk.ReferencedColumns)
+	}
+	if fk.OnDelete != "restrict" || fk.OnUpdate != "restrict" {
+		t.Errorf("FK actions = %q/%q, want restrict/restrict", fk.OnDelete, fk.OnUpdate)
+	}
+	if relFor(emp, fk.Name) == nil {
+		t.Error("expected relationship for FK")
+	}
+	if refs := PendingCommentedRefs(db); len(refs) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("pending = %v, want none", refs)
+	}
+}
+
+// A cross-file commented ref stays pending after a single-file read.
+func TestReader_CommentedRefCrossFilePending(t *testing.T) {
+	db := readDBMLString(t, `Table "entity"."employee" {
+  "id_employee" bigserial [pk]
+  "rid_department" bigint
+}
+// Ref: "entity"."employee"."rid_department" > "org"."department"."id_department"
+`)
+	if fk := fkOn(findTable(db, "entity", "employee"), "rid_department"); fk != nil {
+		t.Fatal("FK must not resolve without the target table")
+	}
+	if refs := PendingCommentedRefs(db); len(refs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("pending = %v, want 1", refs)
+	}
+}
+
+// Directory reads resolve commented refs after all files are merged.
+func TestReader_CommentedRefDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{
+		FilePath: filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", "tests", "assets", "dbml", "multifile"),
+	}).ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	fk := fkOn(findTable(db, "public", "posts"), "user_id")
+	if fk == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected FK posts.user_id from 9_refs.dbml commented ref")
+	}
+	if fk.ReferencedTable != "users" || fk.OnDelete != "CASCADE" {
+		t.Errorf("FK = %s ondelete %s, want users ondelete CASCADE", fk.ReferencedTable, fk.OnDelete)
+	}
+}
+
+func crossFileDB(t *testing.T, refs ...string) *models.Database {
+	t.Helper()
+	db := readDBMLString(t, `Table "org"."department" {
+  "id_department" bigserial [pk]
+}
+Table "entity"."employee" {
+  "id_employee" bigserial [pk]
+  "rid_department" bigint
+  "rid_manager" integer
+  "rid_team" bigint
+}
+`)
+	setPendingCommentedRefs(db, refs)
+	return db
+}
+
+func TestResolveCommentedRefs(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("lowercase ref and one-to-one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := crossFileDB(t,
+			`"entity"."employee"."rid_department" > "org"."department"."id_department"`,
+			`entity.employee.rid_team - org.department.id_department`,
+		)
+		if w := ResolveCommentedRefs(db, true); len(w) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("warnings = %v, want none", w)
+		}
+		emp := findTable(db, "entity", "employee")
+		for _, col := range []string{"rid_department", "rid_team"} {
+			fk := fkOn(emp, col)
+			if fk == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected FK on %s", col)
+			}
+			if relFor(emp, fk.Name) == nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected relationship for %s", fk.Name)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(emp.Relationships) != 2 {
+			t.Errorf("relationships = %d, want 2 (same target must not overwrite)", len(emp.Relationships))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("type mismatch warns but resolves", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := crossFileDB(t, `entity.employee.rid_manager > org.department.id_department`)
+		w := ResolveCommentedRefs(db, true)
+		if len(w) != 1 || !strings.Contains(w[0], "type mismatch") {
+			t.Errorf("warnings = %v, want one type mismatch", w)
+		}
+		if fkOn(findTable(db, "entity", "employee"), "rid_manager") == nil {
+			t.Error("expected FK on rid_manager")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing target stays pending until final", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := crossFileDB(t, `entity.employee.rid_team > hr.team.id_team`)
+		if w := ResolveCommentedRefs(db, false); len(w) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("non-final warnings = %v, want none", w)
+		}
+		if len(PendingCommentedRefs(db)) != 1 {
+			t.Fatal("ref should stay pending")
+		}
+		w := ResolveCommentedRefs(db, true)
+		if len(w) != 1 || !strings.Contains(w[0], "table hr.team not found") {
+			t.Errorf("final warnings = %v, want missing table", w)
+		}
+		if len(PendingCommentedRefs(db)) != 0 {
+			t.Error("final pass must clear pending refs")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing column", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := crossFileDB(t, `entity.employee.rid_nope > org.department.id_department`)
+		w := ResolveCommentedRefs(db, true)
+		if len(w) != 1 || !strings.Contains(w[0], "column entity.employee.rid_nope not found") {
+			t.Errorf("warnings = %v, want missing column", w)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deduplicates against uncommented ref", func(t *testing.T) {
+		db := readDBMLString(t, `Table "org"."department" {
+  "id_department" bigserial [pk]
+}
+Table "entity"."employee" {
+  "id_employee" bigserial [pk]
+  "rid_department" bigint
+}
+Ref: "entity"."employee"."rid_department" > "org"."department"."id_department"
+// Ref: "entity"."employee"."rid_department" > "org"."department"."id_department"
+`)
+		emp := findTable(db, "entity", "employee")
+		count := 0
+		for _, c := range emp.Constraints {
+			if c.Type == models.ForeignKeyConstraint {
+				count++
+			}
+		}
+		if count != 1 || len(emp.Relationships) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("FKs = %d, relationships = %d, want 1 and 1", count, len(emp.Relationships))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCompatibleFKTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		a, b string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"bigint", "bigserial", true},
+		{"integer", "serial", true},
+		{"INT4", "integer", true},
+		{"varchar(10)", "varchar(20)", true},
+		{"bigint", "serial", false},
+		{"uuid", "bigint", false},
+		{"", "bigint", true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := compatibleFKTypes(tt.a, tt.b); got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("compatibleFKTypes(%q, %q) = %v, want %v", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/dbml/directives.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+// directiveLineRegex matches a dialect directive line:
+//
+//	@postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)
+//	@postgres(id): identity always
+//
+// Group 1 is the namespace, group 2 the optional (column) target, group 3 the
+// raw argument text (validated separately so error messages can be specific).
+var directiveLineRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^@([^():]*)(?:\(([^()]*)\))?\s*:(.*)$`)
+
+// namespaceRegex is the grammar for a directive namespace.
+var namespaceRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$`)
+
+// parsedDirective is a directive line that has been parsed but not yet attached
+// to a model object.
+type parsedDirective struct {
+	namespace string
+	target    string // column name; "" when absent
+	args      string
+	line      int
+}
+
+// parseDirectiveLine parses a single "@namespace[(target)]: args" line.
+func parseDirectiveLine(line string, lineNo int) (parsedDirective, error) {
+	m := directiveLineRegex.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+	if m == nil {
+		return parsedDirective{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"dbml: line %d: malformed directive %q (expected \"@namespace: args\")", lineNo, line)
+	}
+
+	ns := strings.TrimSpace(m[1])
+	target := strings.TrimSpace(m[2])
+	args := strings.TrimSpace(m[3])
+
+	if !namespaceRegex.MatchString(ns) {
+		return parsedDirective{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"dbml: line %d: invalid directive namespace %q (must match [a-z][a-z0-9_]*)", lineNo, ns)
+	}
+	if args == "" {
+		return parsedDirective{}, fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: directive @%s has no arguments", lineNo, ns)
+	}
+	if target != "" {
+		target = stripQuotes(target)
+	}
+
+	return parsedDirective{namespace: ns, target: target, args: args, line: lineNo}, nil
+}
+
+// attachDirective resolves the target model object from the current parser state
+// and stores the directive in its Metadata, enforcing location, duplicate and
+// strict-mode rules.
+func (r *Reader) attachDirective(
+	pd parsedDirective,
+	db *models.Database,
+	table *models.Table,
+	inTable, inIndexes bool,
+	lastIndex *models.Index,
+) error {
+	strict := r.options != nil && r.options.StrictDirectives
+	key := models.DirectiveKey(pd.args)
+
+	var meta map[string]any
+	var location string
+
+	switch {
+	case inIndexes:
+		if pd.target != "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: directive target (%s) is not allowed inside an indexes block", pd.line, pd.target)
+		}
+		if lastIndex == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: directive @%s must follow an index definition", pd.line, pd.namespace)
+		}
+		if lastIndex.Metadata == nil {
+			lastIndex.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+		meta = lastIndex.Metadata
+		location = models.DirectiveLocationIndex
+
+	case inTable && table != nil:
+		if pd.target != "" {
+			col, ok := table.Columns[pd.target]
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: directive target column %q not found in table %q", pd.line, pd.target, table.Name)
+			}
+			if col.Metadata == nil {
+				col.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+			}
+			meta = col.Metadata
+			location = models.DirectiveLocationColumn
+		} else {
+			if table.Metadata == nil {
+				table.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+			}
+			meta = table.Metadata
+			location = models.DirectiveLocationTable
+		}
+
+	default:
+		if pd.target != "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: directive target (%s) is only valid inside a table", pd.line, pd.target)
+		}
+		if db.Metadata == nil {
+			db.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+		meta = db.Metadata
+		location = models.DirectiveLocationDatabase
+	}
+
+	spec, documented := models.LookupDirectiveSpec(pd.namespace, key)
+
+	if strict && !documented {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: unknown directive @%s: %s (strict mode)", pd.line, pd.namespace, key)
+	}
+	if documented && !models.DirectiveLocationAllowed(pd.namespace, key, location) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: directive @%s: %s is not valid at %s level", pd.line, pd.namespace, key, location)
+	}
+	if documented && spec.Singleton && models.HasDirective(meta, pd.namespace, key) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: duplicate @%s directive %q at %s level", pd.line, pd.namespace, key, location)
+	}
+
+	models.AddDirective(meta, models.Directive{
+		Namespace: pd.namespace,
+		Key:       key,
+		Args:      pd.args,
+		Line:      pd.line,
+	})
+	return nil
+}

pkg/readers/dbml/directives_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+)
+
+func parse(t *testing.T, strict bool, src string) (*models.Database, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	r := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{StrictDirectives: strict})
+	return r.parseDBML(src)
+}
+
+func firstTable(t *testing.T, db *models.Database) *models.Table {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(db.Schemas) == 0 || len(db.Schemas[0].Tables) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("no table parsed")
+	}
+	return db.Schemas[0].Tables[0]
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_AttachAtEachLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `@postgres: search_path myapp
+
+Table myapp.events {
+  id bigint [pk]
+  created_at timestamp [not null]
+  @postgres(id): identity always
+  @postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)
+
+  indexes {
+    (created_at) [name: 'idx_events_created']
+    @postgres: with (fillfactor=90)
+  }
+}
+`
+	db, err := parse(t, false, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !models.HasDirective(db.Metadata, "postgres", "search_path") {
+		t.Errorf("database-level directive missing: %+v", db.Metadata)
+	}
+
+	tbl := firstTable(t, db)
+	if !models.HasDirective(tbl.Metadata, "postgres", "partition") {
+		t.Errorf("table-level directive missing: %+v", tbl.Metadata)
+	}
+
+	col := tbl.Columns["id"]
+	if col == nil || !models.HasDirective(col.Metadata, "postgres", "identity") {
+		t.Errorf("column-level directive missing")
+	}
+	// Verbatim args preserved.
+	if d := models.DirectivesForNamespace(col.Metadata, "postgres"); len(d) != 1 || d[0].Args != "identity always" {
+		t.Errorf("column directive args = %+v", d)
+	}
+
+	var idx *models.Index
+	for _, i := range tbl.Indexes {
+		idx = i
+	}
+	if idx == nil || !models.HasDirective(idx.Metadata, "postgres", "with") {
+		t.Errorf("index-level directive missing: %+v", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_RepeatablePreservedAndOrdered(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `Table s.t {
+  id int [pk]
+  @postgres: with (fillfactor=90)
+  @postgres: with (autovacuum_enabled=off)
+}
+`
+	db, err := parse(t, false, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+	tbl := firstTable(t, db)
+	got := models.DirectivesForNamespace(tbl.Metadata, "postgres")
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d directives, want 2", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].Args != "with (fillfactor=90)" || got[1].Args != "with (autovacuum_enabled=off)" {
+		t.Errorf("repeatable directives out of order: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_SingletonDuplicateErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `Table s.t {
+  id int [pk]
+  @postgres: partition by RANGE (a)
+  @postgres: partition by LIST (b)
+}
+`
+	_, err := parse(t, false, src)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "duplicate") {
+		t.Fatalf("want duplicate error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "line 4") {
+		t.Errorf("error not line-numbered: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_MalformedErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"no colon":       "@postgres partition by x",
+		"empty args":     "@postgres:",
+		"bad namespace":  "@Postgres: partition by x",
+		"numeric prefix": "@1x: foo",
+	}
+	for name, line := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			src := "Table s.t {\n  id int [pk]\n  " + line + "\n}\n"
+			_, err := parse(t, false, src)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("want error for %q", line)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "line 3") {
+				t.Errorf("error not line-numbered: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_UnknownPreservedNonStrict(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `Table s.t {
+  id int [pk]
+  @postgres: frobnicate all the things
+  @clickhouse: engine MergeTree
+}
+`
+	db, err := parse(t, false, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", err)
+	}
+	tbl := firstTable(t, db)
+	if !models.HasDirective(tbl.Metadata, "postgres", "frobnicate") {
+		t.Error("unknown postgres key not preserved")
+	}
+	if !models.HasDirective(tbl.Metadata, "clickhouse", "engine") {
+		t.Error("unknown namespace not preserved")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_StrictErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `Table s.t {
+  id int [pk]
+  @postgres: frobnicate x
+}
+`
+	_, err := parse(t, true, src)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "strict mode") {
+		t.Fatalf("want strict-mode error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_UnknownColumnTargetErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `Table s.t {
+  id int [pk]
+  @postgres(missing): identity always
+}
+`
+	_, err := parse(t, false, src)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+		t.Fatalf("want unknown-column error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_WrongLocationErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	// partition is table-only.
+	src := "@postgres: partition by RANGE (x)\n\nTable s.t {\n  id int [pk]\n}\n"
+	_, err := parse(t, false, src)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not valid at database level") {
+		t.Fatalf("want location error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/dbml/generated_columns.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+var (
+	generatedNoteRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`(?is)^GENERATED\s+ALWAYS\s+AS\s*\((.*)\)\s*STORED$`)
+	identityNoteRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^GENERATED\s+(ALWAYS|BY\s+DEFAULT)\s+AS\s+IDENTITY$`)
+)
+
+// applyColumnMarkerNote interprets a column note written by the DBML writer for
+// GENERATED ... STORED and GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY columns, setting the matching
+// model fields. It returns true when the note was a marker, in which case it is not
+// a user comment.
+func applyColumnMarkerNote(column *models.Column, rawNote string) bool {
+	note := strings.TrimSpace(rawNote)
+	if len(note) >= 2 && (note[0] == '\'' || note[0] == '"') && note[len(note)-1] == note[0] {
+		note = note[1 : len(note)-1]
+	}
+	note = strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(note, `\'`, `'`), `\\`, `\`)
+	note = strings.TrimSpace(note)
+
+	if m := generatedNoteRegex.FindStringSubmatch(note); m != nil {
+		column.Generated = true
+		column.GenerationExpression = strings.TrimSpace(m[1])
+		return true
+	}
+	if m := identityNoteRegex.FindStringSubmatch(note); m != nil {
+		column.Identity = true
+		column.IdentityGeneration = strings.Join(strings.Fields(strings.ToUpper(m[1])), " ")
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/readers/dbml/reader.go

@@ -48,7 +48,22 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read file: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return r.parseDBML(string(content))
+	db, err := r.parseDBML(string(content))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	r.resolveCommentedRefs(db)
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+// resolveCommentedRefs resolves the commented refs whose tables are loaded.
+// Unmatched refs stay pending for a later pass over a combined model.
+func (r *Reader) resolveCommentedRefs(db *models.Database) {
+	for _, w := range ResolveCommentedRefs(db, false) {
+		if r.options.Progress != nil {
+			r.options.Progress("warning: " + w)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // ReadSchema reads and parses DBML input, returning a Schema model
@@ -125,6 +140,7 @@ func (r *Reader) readDirectoryDBML(dirPath string) (*models.Database, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	r.resolveCommentedRefs(db)
 	return db, nil
 }
 
@@ -305,9 +321,39 @@ func sortDBMLFiles(files []string) []string {
 // Merges: Columns (map), Constraints (map), Indexes (map), Relationships (map)
 // Uses first non-empty Description
 func mergeTable(baseTable, fileTable *models.Table) {
-	// Merge columns (map naturally merges - later keys overwrite)
-	for key, col := range fileTable.Columns {
-		baseTable.Columns[key] = col
+	// Merge columns. Each file numbers its own columns from 1, so a table split
+	// across files would otherwise end up with colliding Column.Sequence values
+	// and writers would fall back to alphabetical order. Re-base the incoming
+	// file's new columns after the highest sequence already present, preserving
+	// their in-file order. Columns that overwrite an existing key keep the
+	// original position.
+	var maxSeq uint
+	for _, col := range baseTable.Columns {
+		if col.Sequence > maxSeq {
+			maxSeq = col.Sequence
+		}
+	}
+
+	incoming := make([]*models.Column, 0, len(fileTable.Columns))
+	for _, col := range fileTable.Columns {
+		incoming = append(incoming, col)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(incoming, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if incoming[i].Sequence != incoming[j].Sequence {
+			return incoming[i].Sequence < incoming[j].Sequence
+		}
+		return incoming[i].Name < incoming[j].Name
+	})
+
+	var added uint
+	for _, col := range incoming {
+		if existing, ok := baseTable.Columns[col.Name]; ok {
+			col.Sequence = existing.Sequence
+		} else {
+			added++
+			col.Sequence = maxSeq + added
+		}
+		baseTable.Columns[col.Name] = col
 	}
 
 	// Merge constraints
@@ -410,6 +456,10 @@ func mergeDatabase(baseDB, fileDB *models.Database) {
 	// Merge domains
 	baseDB.Domains = append(baseDB.Domains, fileDB.Domains...)
 
+	for _, ref := range PendingCommentedRefs(fileDB) {
+		addPendingCommentedRef(baseDB, ref)
+	}
+
 	// Use first non-empty description
 	if baseDB.Description == "" && fileDB.Description != "" {
 		baseDB.Description = fileDB.Description
@@ -434,16 +484,55 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 	var currentSchema string
 	var inIndexes bool
 	var inTable bool
+	var inTableNote bool
+	var tableNoteLines []string
+	tableNoteStartLine := 0
 	var columnSeq uint
+	var lastIndex *models.Index // most recent index in the current Indexes block
+	lineNo := 0
 
 	tableRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^Table\s+(.+?)\s*{`)
 	refRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^Ref:\s+(.+)`)
 
 	for scanner.Scan() {
-		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		lineNo++
+		rawLine := scanner.Text()
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(rawLine)
 
-		// Skip empty lines and comments
+		// A table note can use DBML's triple-quoted form. Its contents must be
+		// consumed before normal parsing, otherwise each prose line is mistaken
+		// for a column declaration.
+		if inTableNote {
+			if line == "'''" {
+				setTableNote(currentTable, strings.TrimSpace(strings.Join(tableNoteLines, "\n")))
+				inTableNote = false
+				tableNoteLines = nil
+				continue
+			}
+			tableNoteLines = append(tableNoteLines, strings.TrimSpace(rawLine))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Skip empty lines and comments. A commented `// Ref:` is kept as a
+		// pending cross-file ref, resolved once every file is loaded.
 		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "//") {
+			if ref, ok := commentedRef(line); ok {
+				addPendingCommentedRef(db, ref)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Parse a dialect directive (@postgres:, @sqlite:, …). Handled before
+		// table/column/index parsing so directive lines are never mistaken for
+		// columns.
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "@") {
+			pd, err := parseDirectiveLine(line, lineNo)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if err := r.attachDirective(pd, db, currentTable, inTable, inIndexes, lastIndex); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -474,8 +563,10 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// End of table definition
-		if inTable && line == "}" {
+		// End of table definition. Guarded by !inIndexes so the closing brace
+		// of an `indexes { }` block is not mistaken for the end of the table
+		// (which would drop any table-level content that follows it).
+		if inTable && !inIndexes && line == "}" {
 			if currentTable != nil && currentSchema != "" {
 				schemaMap[currentSchema].Tables = append(schemaMap[currentSchema].Tables, currentTable)
 				currentTable = nil
@@ -488,12 +579,14 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 		// Parse indexes section
 		if inTable && (strings.HasPrefix(line, "Indexes {") || strings.HasPrefix(line, "indexes {")) {
 			inIndexes = true
+			lastIndex = nil
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// End of indexes section
 		if inIndexes && line == "}" {
 			inIndexes = false
+			lastIndex = nil
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -512,16 +605,30 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 
 			index := r.parseIndex(line, currentTable.Name, currentSchema)
 			if index != nil {
-				currentTable.Indexes[index.Name] = index
+				// Keep a reused name under a unique map key so the duplicate is
+				// not silently dropped; the inspector reports it.
+				key := index.Name
+				for n := 2; currentTable.Indexes[key] != nil; n++ {
+					key = fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d", index.Name, n)
+				}
+				currentTable.Indexes[key] = index
+				lastIndex = index
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Parse table note
-		if inTable && currentTable != nil && strings.HasPrefix(line, "Note:") {
-			note := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "Note:")
+		// Parse table note. DBML files in the wild use both `Note:` and
+		// `note:`, so accept either spelling.
+		if inTable && currentTable != nil && strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(line), "note:") {
+			note := strings.TrimSpace(line[len("note:"):])
+			if strings.TrimSpace(note) == "'''" {
+				inTableNote = true
+				tableNoteLines = nil
+				tableNoteStartLine = lineNo
+				continue
+			}
 			note = strings.Trim(note, " '\"")
-			currentTable.Description = note
+			setTableNote(currentTable, note)
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -558,6 +665,13 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to scan DBML: %w", err)
+	}
+	if inTableNote {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dbml: line %d: unterminated triple-quoted table note", tableNoteStartLine)
+	}
+
 	// Assign pending constraints to their respective tables
 	for _, constraint := range pendingConstraints {
 		// Find the table this constraint belongs to
@@ -575,20 +689,12 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 	// for DBML refs so diffing equivalent schemas compares the same model.
 	for _, schema := range schemaMap {
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
-			for _, constraint := range table.Constraints {
+			for _, name := range sortedConstraintNames(table.Constraints) {
+				constraint := table.Constraints[name]
 				if constraint.Type != models.ForeignKeyConstraint {
 					continue
 				}
-				name := fmt.Sprintf("%s_to_%s", table.Name, constraint.ReferencedTable)
-				relationship := models.InitRelationship(name, models.OneToMany)
-				relationship.FromTable = table.Name
-				relationship.FromSchema = table.Schema
-				relationship.FromColumns = append([]string(nil), constraint.Columns...)
-				relationship.ToTable = constraint.ReferencedTable
-				relationship.ToSchema = constraint.ReferencedSchema
-				relationship.ToColumns = append([]string(nil), constraint.ReferencedColumns...)
-				relationship.ForeignKey = constraint.Name
-				table.Relationships[name] = relationship
+				addFKRelationship(table, constraint)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -601,6 +707,53 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 	return db, nil
 }
 
+// sortedConstraintNames returns constraint keys in sorted order so derived
+// relationship names do not depend on map iteration order.
+func sortedConstraintNames(constraints map[string]*models.Constraint) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(constraints))
+	for name := range constraints {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+// addFKRelationship derives the relationship for a foreign key, matching how
+// the PostgreSQL reader models FKs.
+func addFKRelationship(table *models.Table, constraint *models.Constraint) {
+	name := fmt.Sprintf("%s_to_%s", table.Name, constraint.ReferencedTable)
+	if existing, taken := table.Relationships[name]; taken && existing.ForeignKey != constraint.Name {
+		// A second FK to the same table must not overwrite the first.
+		name = fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", name, strings.Join(constraint.Columns, "_"))
+	}
+	relationship := models.InitRelationship(name, models.OneToMany)
+	relationship.FromTable = table.Name
+	relationship.FromSchema = table.Schema
+	relationship.FromColumns = append([]string(nil), constraint.Columns...)
+	relationship.ToTable = constraint.ReferencedTable
+	relationship.ToSchema = constraint.ReferencedSchema
+	relationship.ToColumns = append([]string(nil), constraint.ReferencedColumns...)
+	relationship.ForeignKey = constraint.Name
+	if table.Relationships == nil {
+		table.Relationships = make(map[string]*models.Relationship)
+	}
+	table.Relationships[name] = relationship
+}
+
+// setTableNote preserves multiple table notes. The first maps to Description
+// and the second to Comment, matching the model fields used by code writers.
+func setTableNote(table *models.Table, note string) {
+	if table.Description == "" {
+		table.Description = note
+		return
+	}
+	if table.Comment == "" {
+		table.Comment = note
+		return
+	}
+	table.Comment += "\n" + note
+}
+
 // parseColumn parses a DBML column definition
 func (r *Reader) parseColumn(line, tableName, schemaName string) (*models.Column, *models.Constraint) {
 	// Format: column_name type [attributes] // comment
@@ -618,7 +771,7 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumn(line, tableName, schemaName string) (*models.Column
 
 	// Parse attributes in brackets
 	if attrs != "" {
-		attrList := strings.Split(attrs, ",")
+		attrList := splitColumnAttrs(attrs)
 
 		for _, attr := range attrList {
 			attr = strings.TrimSpace(attr)
@@ -651,7 +804,9 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumn(line, tableName, schemaName string) (*models.Column
 			} else if strings.HasPrefix(attr, "note:") {
 				// Parse column note/comment
 				note := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(attr, "note:"))
-				column.Comment = strings.Trim(note, "'\"")
+				if !applyColumnMarkerNote(column, note) {
+					column.Comment = strings.Trim(note, "'\"")
+				}
 			} else if strings.HasPrefix(attr, "ref:") {
 				// Parse inline reference
 				// DBML semantics depend on context:
@@ -701,6 +856,44 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumn(line, tableName, schemaName string) (*models.Column
 	return column, constraint
 }
 
+// splitColumnAttrs splits a DBML attribute list on top-level commas. Notes and
+// quoted defaults may contain commas of their own, which are part of the value
+// rather than attribute separators.
+func splitColumnAttrs(attrs string) []string {
+	var result []string
+	start := 0
+	var quote byte
+	escaped := false
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(attrs); i++ {
+		ch := attrs[i]
+		if quote != 0 {
+			if escaped {
+				escaped = false
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == '\\' {
+				escaped = true
+				continue
+			}
+			if ch == quote {
+				quote = 0
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch ch {
+		case '\'', '"', '`':
+			quote = ch
+		case ',':
+			result = append(result, attrs[start:i])
+			start = i + 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	return append(result, attrs[start:])
+}
+
 func splitInlineComment(line string) (content, inlineComment string) {
 	commentStart := strings.Index(line, "//")
 	if commentStart == -1 {

pkg/readers/dbml/reader_test.go

@@ -652,6 +652,22 @@ func TestReadDirectory_TableMerging(t *testing.T) {
 	if emailCol.Type != "varchar(255)" {
 		t.Errorf("Expected email type 'varchar(255)', got '%s'", emailCol.Type)
 	}
+
+	// Merged columns must keep declaration order (file 1: id, email; file 3:
+	// name, created_at) via strictly increasing, non-colliding Sequence values
+	// so downstream writers do not fall back to alphabetical order.
+	order := []string{"id", "email", "name", "created_at"}
+	var prev uint
+	for i, name := range order {
+		col := usersTable.Columns[name]
+		if col.Sequence == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("column %q has zero Sequence after merge", name)
+		}
+		if i > 0 && col.Sequence <= prev {
+			t.Errorf("column %q Sequence %d not greater than previous %d (order not preserved across files)", name, col.Sequence, prev)
+		}
+		prev = col.Sequence
+	}
 }
 
 func TestReadDirectory_CommentedRefsLast(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1033,3 +1049,75 @@ func TestReader_ColumnPKOrderPreserved(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected snapshot_id (declared first) to have a lower Sequence than artifact_id, got %d >= %d", snapshotCol.Sequence, artifactCol.Sequence)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestReader_MultilineTableNote(t *testing.T) {
+	dbmlContent := "Table \"info\".\"city\" {\n" +
+		"  \"id_city\" serial [pk, not null, increment]\n" +
+		"  \"name\" text [not null, note: 'first, second, third']\n\n" +
+		"  note: '''\n" +
+		"  Cities and municipalities worldwide.\n\n" +
+		"  SPATIAL:\n" +
+		"  Proximity queries use a GiST index.\n" +
+		"  '''\n" +
+		"  Note: 'Short summary'\n" +
+		"}\n"
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "city.dbml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(dbmlContent), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	db, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path}).ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	table := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0]
+	if got, want := table.Description, "Cities and municipalities worldwide.\n\nSPATIAL:\nProximity queries use a GiST index."; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("table description = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := table.Comment, "Short summary"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("table comment = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := len(table.Columns), 2; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("column count = %d, want %d; note body must not be parsed as columns", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := table.Columns["name"].Comment, "first, second, third"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("column note = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// A name reused inside one Indexes block must not silently drop the earlier
+// index; both are kept so the inspector can report the duplicate.
+func TestReader_DuplicateIndexNameInTableKept(t *testing.T) {
+	dbmlContent := `Table individual_actor {
+  id bigint [pk]
+  rid_actor bigint
+  kind text
+
+  Indexes {
+    (rid_actor) [name: 'idx_actor', unique]
+    (rid_actor, kind) [name: 'idx_actor']
+  }
+}
+`
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "dup_index.dbml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(dbmlContent), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	db, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path}).ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	table := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0]
+	if len(table.Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 indexes, got %d: %v", len(table.Indexes), table.Indexes)
+	}
+	for key, idx := range table.Indexes {
+		if idx.Name != "idx_actor" {
+			t.Errorf("index %q: Name = %q, want idx_actor", key, idx.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/drizzle/README.md

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ export const postsRelations = relations(posts, ({ one }) => ({
 
 ## Notes
 
+- `.generatedAlwaysAs(sql`expr`)` sets `Generated` + `GenerationExpression`; `.generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()` / `.generatedByDefaultAsIdentity()` set `Identity` + `IdentityGeneration`
 - Supports both PostgreSQL and MySQL Drizzle schemas
 - Extracts relationship information from `relations` definitions
 - Schema defaults to `public` for PostgreSQL

pkg/readers/drizzle/reader.go

@@ -495,9 +495,24 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumnModifiers(line string, column *models.Column, table
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Check for .generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()
+	// Check for .generatedAlwaysAsIdentity() / .generatedByDefaultAsIdentity()
 	if strings.Contains(line, ".generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()") {
 		column.AutoIncrement = true
+		column.Identity = true
+		column.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(line, ".generatedByDefaultAsIdentity()") {
+		column.AutoIncrement = true
+		column.Identity = true
+		column.IdentityGeneration = "BY DEFAULT"
+	}
+
+	// Check for .generatedAlwaysAs(sql`expr`) (generated column)
+	if idx := strings.Index(line, ".generatedAlwaysAs("); idx != -1 {
+		if expr, ok := parseGeneratedAlwaysAs(line[idx+len(".generatedAlwaysAs("):]); ok {
+			column.Generated = true
+			column.GenerationExpression = expr
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Check for .references(() => otherTable.column)
@@ -615,3 +630,34 @@ func (r *Reader) varNameToTableName(varName string) string {
 	// For now, assume variable name matches table name
 	return varName
 }
+
+// parseGeneratedAlwaysAs extracts the SQL expression from the argument list of
+// generatedAlwaysAs(...), which follows the opening parenthesis in rest. The expression is
+// the contents of a sql`...` template (backticks inside it are escaped with a backslash)
+// or, failing that, a quoted string.
+func parseGeneratedAlwaysAs(rest string) (string, bool) {
+	rest = strings.TrimSpace(rest)
+	rest = strings.TrimPrefix(rest, "sql")
+	if rest == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	quote := rest[0]
+	if quote != '`' && quote != '\'' && quote != '"' {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	for i := 1; i < len(rest); i++ {
+		ch := rest[i]
+		if ch == '\\' && i+1 < len(rest) {
+			i++
+			sb.WriteByte(rest[i])
+			continue
+		}
+		if ch == quote {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(sb.String()), true
+		}
+		sb.WriteByte(ch)
+	}
+	return "", false
+}

pkg/readers/gorm/README.md

@@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ The reader recognizes the following GORM struct tags:
 - `not null` - NOT NULL constraint
 - `autoIncrement` - Auto-increment column
 - `default` - Default value
+- `generated` - Generated column marker (`Generated`; expression is not in the tag)
+- `identity` - Identity column marker (`Identity`, `ALWAYS`)
 - `size` - Column size/length
 - `index` - Create index
 - `uniqueIndex` - Create unique index

pkg/readers/gorm/generated_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package gorm
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+)
+
+func TestReader_GeneratedAndIdentityMarkers(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package models
+
+type Person struct {
+	ID       int64  ` + "`gorm:\"column:id;primaryKey;autoIncrement;type:bigint;identity\"`" + `
+	Seq      int64  ` + "`gorm:\"column:seq;type:bigint;<-:false;identity;not null\"`" + `
+	FullName string ` + "`gorm:\"column:full_name;type:text;<-:false;generated\"`" + `
+	First    string ` + "`gorm:\"column:first;type:text\"`" + `
+}
+
+func (Person) TableName() string {
+	return "people"
+}
+`
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "person.go")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(src), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	db, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path}).ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	cols := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns
+
+	if !cols["id"].Identity || cols["id"].IdentityGeneration != "ALWAYS" {
+		t.Errorf("id: identity = %v/%q, want true/ALWAYS", cols["id"].Identity, cols["id"].IdentityGeneration)
+	}
+	if !cols["seq"].Identity {
+		t.Error("seq should be identity")
+	}
+	if !cols["full_name"].Generated {
+		t.Error("full_name should be generated")
+	}
+	if cols["first"].Generated || cols["first"].Identity {
+		t.Error("first must be an ordinary column")
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/gorm/reader.go

@@ -726,6 +726,15 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumn(fieldName string, fieldType ast.Expr, tag string, s
 	if _, ok := parts["autoincrement"]; ok {
 		column.AutoIncrement = true
 	}
+	if _, ok := parts["generated"]; ok {
+		// GENERATED ... STORED marker written by the GORM writer; the expression is not in the tag
+		column.Generated = true
+	}
+	if _, ok := parts["identity"]; ok {
+		// GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY marker written by the GORM writer
+		column.Identity = true
+		column.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+	}
 	if def, ok := parts["default"]; ok {
 		// Default value from GORM tag (e.g., default:gen_random_uuid())
 		column.Default = def

pkg/readers/mssql/README.md

@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ sqlserver://user:pass@192.168.1.100:1433/production
 sqlserver://localhost/testdb?encrypt=disable
 ```
 
+## Computed and Identity Columns
+
+- `sys.computed_columns` -> `Generated` + `GenerationExpression` (outer parentheses removed; persisted or not)
+- Identity columns -> `Identity` + `IdentityGeneration = ALWAYS`
+
 ## Supported Constraints
 
 - Primary Keys

pkg/readers/mssql/queries.go

@@ -104,8 +104,12 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(schemaName string) (map[string]map[string]*models.
 			c.numeric_precision,
 			c.numeric_scale,
 			ISNULL(ep.value, '') as description,
-			COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.table_schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.table_name)), c.column_name, 'IsIdentity') as is_identity
+			COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.table_schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.table_name)), c.column_name, 'IsIdentity') as is_identity,
+			cc.definition as computed_definition
 		FROM information_schema.columns c
+		LEFT JOIN sys.computed_columns cc
+			ON cc.object_id = OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.table_schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.table_name))
+			AND cc.name = c.column_name
 		LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep
 			ON ep.major_id = OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.table_schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.table_name))
 			AND ep.minor_id = COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.table_schema) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.table_name)), c.column_name, 'ColumnId')
@@ -127,8 +131,9 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(schemaName string) (map[string]map[string]*models.
 		var schema, tableName, columnName, isNullable, dataType, description string
 		var ordinalPosition int
 		var columnDefault, charMaxLength, numPrecision, numScale, isIdentity *int
+		var computedDefinition *string
 
-		if err := rows.Scan(&schema, &tableName, &columnName, &ordinalPosition, &columnDefault, &isNullable, &dataType, &charMaxLength, &numPrecision, &numScale, &description, &isIdentity); err != nil {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&schema, &tableName, &columnName, &ordinalPosition, &columnDefault, &isNullable, &dataType, &charMaxLength, &numPrecision, &numScale, &description, &isIdentity, &computedDefinition); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -144,6 +149,14 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(schemaName string) (map[string]map[string]*models.
 		// Check if this is an identity column (auto-increment)
 		if isIdentity != nil && *isIdentity == 1 {
 			column.AutoIncrement = true
+			column.Identity = true
+			column.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+		}
+
+		// Computed columns report their expression wrapped in an extra pair of parentheses
+		if computedDefinition != nil && strings.TrimSpace(*computedDefinition) != "" {
+			column.Generated = true
+			column.GenerationExpression = trimOuterParens(*computedDefinition)
 		}
 
 		if charMaxLength != nil && *charMaxLength > 0 {
@@ -414,3 +427,25 @@ func (r *Reader) queryIndexes(schemaName string) (map[string][]*models.Index, er
 
 	return indexes, rows.Err()
 }
+
+// trimOuterParens removes one pair of parentheses wrapping the whole expression, as
+// SQL Server stores computed column definitions.
+func trimOuterParens(expr string) string {
+	expr = strings.TrimSpace(expr)
+	if len(expr) < 2 || expr[0] != '(' || expr[len(expr)-1] != ')' {
+		return expr
+	}
+	depth := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(expr); i++ {
+		switch expr[i] {
+		case '(':
+			depth++
+		case ')':
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 && i != len(expr)-1 {
+				return expr
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(expr[1 : len(expr)-1])
+}

pkg/readers/mssql/reader_test.go

@@ -85,3 +85,18 @@ func TestConvertMSSQLToCanonical(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestTrimOuterParens(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"(([a])+([b]))":   "([a])+([b])",
+		"([a]+[b])":       "[a]+[b]",
+		"([a])+([b])":     "([a])+([b])",
+		"[a]+[b]":         "[a]+[b]",
+		"  (upper([a])) ": "upper([a])",
+	}
+	for in, want := range tests {
+		if got := trimOuterParens(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("trimOuterParens(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/pgsql/queries.go

@@ -243,7 +243,11 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(schemaName string) (map[string]map[string]*models.
 			c.numeric_scale,
 			c.udt_name,
 			pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) as formatted_data_type,
-			col_description((c.table_schema||'.'||c.table_name)::regclass, c.ordinal_position) as description
+			col_description((c.table_schema||'.'||c.table_name)::regclass, c.ordinal_position) as description,
+			c.is_generated,
+			c.generation_expression,
+			c.is_identity,
+			c.identity_generation
 		FROM information_schema.columns c
 		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n
 			ON n.nspname = c.table_schema
@@ -268,17 +272,36 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(schemaName string) (map[string]map[string]*models.
 	columnsMap := make(map[string]map[string]*models.Column)
 
 	for rows.Next() {
-		var schema, tableName, columnName, isNullable, dataType, udtName, formattedDataType string
+		var schema, tableName, columnName, isNullable, dataType, udtName, formattedDataType, isGenerated, isIdentity string
 		var ordinalPosition int
-		var columnDefault, description *string
+		var columnDefault, description, generationExpression, identityGeneration *string
 		var charMaxLength, numPrecision, numScale *int
 
-		if err := rows.Scan(&schema, &tableName, &columnName, &ordinalPosition, &columnDefault, &isNullable, &dataType, &charMaxLength, &numPrecision, &numScale, &udtName, &formattedDataType, &description); err != nil {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&schema, &tableName, &columnName, &ordinalPosition, &columnDefault, &isNullable, &dataType, &charMaxLength, &numPrecision, &numScale, &udtName, &formattedDataType, &description, &isGenerated, &generationExpression, &isIdentity, &identityGeneration); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
 		column := models.InitColumn(columnName, tableName, schema)
 
+		// GENERATED ALWAYS ... STORED columns are computed by Postgres and cannot
+		// have their default altered/dropped like a regular column.
+		column.Generated = isGenerated == "ALWAYS"
+		if generationExpression != nil {
+			column.GenerationExpression = *generationExpression
+		}
+
+		// GENERATED { ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT } AS IDENTITY columns are driven by an
+		// internal sequence rather than a literal default (unlike serial columns,
+		// they carry no pg_attrdef row at all), so they need the same DB-side
+		// handling as generated columns even though the underlying mechanism differs.
+		column.Identity = isIdentity == "YES"
+		if identityGeneration != nil {
+			column.IdentityGeneration = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(*identityGeneration))
+		}
+		if column.Identity {
+			column.AutoIncrement = true
+		}
+
 		// Check if this is a serial type (has nextval default)
 		hasNextval := false
 		if columnDefault != nil {
@@ -301,6 +324,24 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(schemaName string) (map[string]map[string]*models.
 			column.Description = *description
 		}
 
+		if column.Generated {
+			note := "GENERATED ALWAYS AS (" + column.GenerationExpression + ") STORED"
+			if column.Description != "" {
+				column.Description = column.Description + " " + note
+			} else {
+				column.Description = note
+			}
+		}
+
+		if column.Identity {
+			note := "GENERATED " + column.IdentityGeneration + " AS IDENTITY"
+			if column.Description != "" {
+				column.Description = column.Description + " " + note
+			} else {
+				column.Description = note
+			}
+		}
+
 		if charMaxLength != nil {
 			column.Length = *charMaxLength
 		}
@@ -381,31 +422,35 @@ func (r *Reader) queryPrimaryKeys(schemaName string) (map[string]*models.Constra
 // queryForeignKeys retrieves all foreign key constraints for a schema
 // Returns map[schema.table][]*Constraint
 func (r *Reader) queryForeignKeys(schemaName string) (map[string][]*models.Constraint, error) {
+	// Columns are paired by position from pg_constraint so composite keys are not
+	// cross-joined (information_schema.constraint_column_usage has no ordering).
+	actionCase := func(col string) string {
+		return `CASE ` + col + ` WHEN 'a' THEN 'NO ACTION' WHEN 'r' THEN 'RESTRICT' WHEN 'c' THEN 'CASCADE' WHEN 'n' THEN 'SET NULL' WHEN 'd' THEN 'SET DEFAULT' END`
+	}
 	query := `
 		SELECT
-			tc.table_schema,
-			tc.table_name,
-			tc.constraint_name,
-			kcu.table_schema as foreign_table_schema,
-			kcu.table_name as foreign_table_name,
-			kcu.column_name as foreign_column,
-			ccu.table_schema as referenced_table_schema,
-			ccu.table_name as referenced_table_name,
-			ccu.column_name as referenced_column,
-			rc.update_rule,
-			rc.delete_rule
-		FROM information_schema.table_constraints tc
-		JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage kcu
-			ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
-			AND tc.table_schema = kcu.table_schema
-		JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage ccu
-			ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
-		JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints rc
-			ON rc.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
-			AND rc.constraint_schema = tc.table_schema
-		WHERE tc.constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY'
-		  AND tc.table_schema = $1
-		ORDER BY tc.table_schema, tc.table_name, tc.constraint_name, kcu.ordinal_position
+			ns.nspname AS table_schema,
+			cl.relname AS table_name,
+			con.conname AS constraint_name,
+			ns.nspname AS foreign_table_schema,
+			cl.relname AS foreign_table_name,
+			att.attname AS foreign_column,
+			fns.nspname AS referenced_table_schema,
+			fcl.relname AS referenced_table_name,
+			fatt.attname AS referenced_column,
+			` + actionCase("con.confupdtype") + ` AS update_rule,
+			` + actionCase("con.confdeltype") + ` AS delete_rule
+		FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint con
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class cl ON cl.oid = con.conrelid
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace ns ON ns.oid = cl.relnamespace
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class fcl ON fcl.oid = con.confrelid
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace fns ON fns.oid = fcl.relnamespace
+		CROSS JOIN LATERAL unnest(con.conkey, con.confkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS k(attnum, fattnum, ord)
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute att ON att.attrelid = con.conrelid AND att.attnum = k.attnum
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute fatt ON fatt.attrelid = con.confrelid AND fatt.attnum = k.fattnum
+		WHERE con.contype = 'f'
+		  AND ns.nspname = $1
+		ORDER BY ns.nspname, cl.relname, con.conname, k.ord
 	`
 
 	rows, err := r.conn.Query(r.ctx, query, schemaName)

pkg/readers/pgsql/reader.go

@@ -34,11 +34,14 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connection string is required")
 	}
 
-	// Connect to the database
+	// Connect to the database. This can take noticeable time across a slow network,
+	// so report it before the driver starts the connection attempt.
+	r.progress("Connecting to PostgreSQL...")
 	if err := r.connect(); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer r.close()
+	r.progress("Connected. Reading database metadata...")
 
 	// Get database name from connection
 	var dbName string
@@ -60,34 +63,42 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Query all schemas
+	r.progress("Discovering schemas...")
 	schemas, err := r.querySchemas()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query schemas: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Process each schema
-	for _, schema := range schemas {
+	for schemaIndex, schema := range schemas {
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q (%d/%d): tables...", schema.Name, schemaIndex+1, len(schemas)))
 		// Query tables for this schema
 		tables, err := r.queryTables(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query tables for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
 		schema.Tables = tables
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d table(s).", schema.Name, len(tables)))
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: views...", schema.Name))
 		// Query views for this schema
 		views, err := r.queryViews(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query views for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
 		schema.Views = views
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d view(s).", schema.Name, len(views)))
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: sequences...", schema.Name))
 		// Query sequences for this schema
 		sequences, err := r.querySequences(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query sequences for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
 		schema.Sequences = sequences
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d sequence(s).", schema.Name, len(sequences)))
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: extensions...", schema.Name))
 		// Query extensions installed into this schema
 		extensions, err := r.queryExtensions(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -99,12 +110,15 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 			}
 			schema.Metadata["extensions"] = extensions
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d extension(s).", schema.Name, len(extensions)))
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: columns...", schema.Name))
 		// Query columns for tables and views
 		columnsMap, err := r.queryColumns(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query columns for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d column(s).", schema.Name, countColumns(columnsMap)))
 
 		// Populate table columns
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
@@ -122,11 +136,13 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: primary keys...", schema.Name))
 		// Query primary keys
 		primaryKeys, err := r.queryPrimaryKeys(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query primary keys for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d primary key(s).", schema.Name, len(primaryKeys)))
 
 		// Apply primary keys to tables
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
@@ -143,11 +159,13 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: foreign keys...", schema.Name))
 		// Query foreign keys
 		foreignKeys, err := r.queryForeignKeys(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query foreign keys for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d foreign key(s).", schema.Name, countConstraints(foreignKeys)))
 
 		// Apply foreign keys to tables
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
@@ -161,11 +179,13 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: unique constraints...", schema.Name))
 		// Query unique constraints
 		uniqueConstraints, err := r.queryUniqueConstraints(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query unique constraints for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d unique constraint(s).", schema.Name, countConstraints(uniqueConstraints)))
 
 		// Apply unique constraints to tables
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
@@ -177,11 +197,13 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: check constraints...", schema.Name))
 		// Query check constraints
 		checkConstraints, err := r.queryCheckConstraints(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query check constraints for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d check constraint(s).", schema.Name, countConstraints(checkConstraints)))
 
 		// Apply check constraints to tables
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
@@ -193,11 +215,13 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: indexes...", schema.Name))
 		// Query indexes
 		indexes, err := r.queryIndexes(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query indexes for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
 		}
+		r.progress(fmt.Sprintf("Reading schema %q: found %d index(es).", schema.Name, countIndexes(indexes)))
 
 		// Apply indexes to tables
 		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
@@ -226,10 +250,41 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 		// Add schema to database
 		db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
 	}
+	r.progress("PostgreSQL schema read complete.")
 
 	return db, nil
 }
 
+func (r *Reader) progress(message string) {
+	if r.options.Progress != nil {
+		r.options.Progress(message)
+	}
+}
+
+func countColumns(columns map[string]map[string]*models.Column) int {
+	total := 0
+	for _, tableColumns := range columns {
+		total += len(tableColumns)
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func countConstraints(constraints map[string][]*models.Constraint) int {
+	total := 0
+	for _, tableConstraints := range constraints {
+		total += len(tableConstraints)
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func countIndexes(indexes map[string][]*models.Index) int {
+	total := 0
+	for _, tableIndexes := range indexes {
+		total += len(tableIndexes)
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
 // ReadSchema reads a single schema (returns the first schema from the database)
 func (r *Reader) ReadSchema() (*models.Schema, error) {
 	db, err := r.ReadDatabase()

pkg/readers/pgsql/reader_test.go

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 package pgsql
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
 )
@@ -499,3 +503,60 @@ func TestMapDataType_ExtensionTypesPreserveModifiers(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestReader_CompositeForeignKeyColumnsArePairedOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	connStr := getTestConnectionString(t)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	conn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, connStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close(ctx)
+
+	const schema = "relspec_fk_test"
+	setup := []string{
+		"DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS " + schema + " CASCADE",
+		"CREATE SCHEMA " + schema,
+		"CREATE TABLE " + schema + ".parent (a int, b int, PRIMARY KEY (a, b))",
+		"CREATE TABLE " + schema + ".child (x int, y int, CONSTRAINT fk_child_parent FOREIGN KEY (x, y) REFERENCES " + schema + ".parent (a, b) ON DELETE CASCADE)",
+	}
+	for _, stmt := range setup {
+		if _, err := conn.Exec(ctx, stmt); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("setup %q: %v", stmt, err)
+		}
+	}
+	defer conn.Exec(ctx, "DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS "+schema+" CASCADE")
+
+	reader := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{ConnectionString: connStr})
+	db, err := reader.ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range db.Schemas {
+		if s.Name != schema {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, tbl := range s.Tables {
+			if tbl.Name != "child" {
+				continue
+			}
+			fk := tbl.Constraints["fk_child_parent"]
+			if fk == nil {
+				t.Fatal("foreign key fk_child_parent not read")
+			}
+			if got := strings.Join(fk.Columns, ","); got != "x,y" {
+				t.Errorf("columns = %q, want x,y", got)
+			}
+			if got := strings.Join(fk.ReferencedColumns, ","); got != "a,b" {
+				t.Errorf("referenced columns = %q, want a,b", got)
+			}
+			if fk.OnDelete != "CASCADE" || fk.OnUpdate != "NO ACTION" {
+				t.Errorf("rules = %s/%s, want CASCADE/NO ACTION", fk.OnDelete, fk.OnUpdate)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("test schema/table not found in read result")
+}

pkg/readers/reader.go

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ type ReaderOptions struct {
 	// Prisma7 enables Prisma 7-specific handling for Prisma schemas.
 	Prisma7 bool
 
+	// StrictDirectives makes DBML dialect directives (@postgres:, @sqlite:, …)
+	// fail on an unknown namespace or key instead of preserving them silently.
+	StrictDirectives bool
+
+	// Progress receives human-readable status updates while a reader is working.
+	// It is optional so library users can opt in without coupling readers to a UI.
+	Progress func(string)
+
 	// Additional options can be added here as needed
 	Metadata map[string]interface{}
 }

pkg/readers/sqlite/README.md

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ options := &readers.ReaderOptions{
 - Uses pure Go driver (modernc.org/sqlite) - no CGo required
 - Supports both file path and connection string
 - Auto-increment detection for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY columns
+- Generated columns (virtual and stored) are read via `PRAGMA table_xinfo`; the expression is parsed from the `CREATE TABLE` SQL
 - Foreign keys require `PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON` to be set
 
 ## Example Schema

pkg/readers/sqlite/generated.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package sqlite
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var generatedAsRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`(?is)\bAS\s*\(`)
+
+// parseGeneratedExpression extracts the expression of a generated column from a CREATE
+// TABLE statement, e.g. `full TEXT GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a || b) STORED` yields `a || b`.
+// It returns "" when the column or its expression cannot be found.
+func parseGeneratedExpression(createSQL, columnName string) string {
+	open := strings.Index(createSQL, "(")
+	if open < 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	for _, def := range splitTopLevel(createSQL[open+1:]) {
+		if !strings.EqualFold(firstIdentifier(def), columnName) {
+			continue
+		}
+		loc := generatedAsRegex.FindStringIndex(def)
+		if loc == nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return balancedParens(def[loc[1]-1:])
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// splitTopLevel splits a table body on commas that are outside parentheses and quotes,
+// stopping at the parenthesis that closes the body.
+func splitTopLevel(body string) []string {
+	var parts []string
+	depth := 0
+	var quote byte
+	start := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(body); i++ {
+		ch := body[i]
+		if quote != 0 {
+			if ch == quote {
+				quote = 0
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		switch ch {
+		case '\'', '"', '`':
+			quote = ch
+		case '[':
+			quote = ']'
+		case '(':
+			depth++
+		case ')':
+			if depth == 0 {
+				return append(parts, body[start:i])
+			}
+			depth--
+		case ',':
+			if depth == 0 {
+				parts = append(parts, body[start:i])
+				start = i + 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return append(parts, body[start:])
+}
+
+// firstIdentifier returns the first (possibly quoted) identifier of a column definition.
+func firstIdentifier(def string) string {
+	def = strings.TrimSpace(def)
+	if def == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	switch def[0] {
+	case '"', '\'', '`':
+		if end := strings.IndexByte(def[1:], def[0]); end >= 0 {
+			return def[1 : 1+end]
+		}
+	case '[':
+		if end := strings.IndexByte(def, ']'); end >= 0 {
+			return def[1:end]
+		}
+	}
+	if end := strings.IndexAny(def, " \t\r\n"); end >= 0 {
+		return def[:end]
+	}
+	return def
+}
+
+// balancedParens returns the text inside the parenthesis group that starts at s[0].
+func balancedParens(s string) string {
+	depth := 0
+	var quote byte
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		ch := s[i]
+		if quote != 0 {
+			if ch == quote {
+				quote = 0
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		switch ch {
+		case '\'', '"':
+			quote = ch
+		case '(':
+			depth++
+		case ')':
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 {
+				return strings.TrimSpace(s[1:i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

pkg/readers/sqlite/generated_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package sqlite
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+)
+
+func TestParseGeneratedExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	createSQL := `CREATE TABLE people (
+		id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+		"first" TEXT,
+		last TEXT,
+		full_name TEXT GENERATED ALWAYS AS (coalesce("first", '') || ' ' || last) STORED,
+		initials TEXT AS (substr("first", 1, 1) || substr(last, 1, 1)),
+		plain TEXT NOT NULL
+	)`
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		column string
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"full_name", `coalesce("first", '') || ' ' || last`},
+		{"initials", `substr("first", 1, 1) || substr(last, 1, 1)`},
+		{"plain", ""},
+		{"missing", ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.column, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, parseGeneratedExpression(createSQL, tt.column))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReader_GeneratedColumns(t *testing.T) {
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gen.db")
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite", dbPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE people (
+		id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+		first TEXT,
+		last TEXT,
+		full_name TEXT GENERATED ALWAYS AS (first || ' ' || last) STORED,
+		initials TEXT AS (substr(first, 1, 1) || substr(last, 1, 1))
+	)`)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Close())
+
+	got, err := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: dbPath}).ReadDatabase()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cols := got.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns
+	require.Contains(t, cols, "full_name", "generated columns must be read")
+	assert.True(t, cols["full_name"].Generated)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first || ' ' || last", cols["full_name"].GenerationExpression)
+	assert.True(t, cols["initials"].Generated)
+	assert.Equal(t, "substr(first, 1, 1) || substr(last, 1, 1)", cols["initials"].GenerationExpression)
+	assert.False(t, cols["first"].Generated)
+}

pkg/readers/sqlite/queries.go

@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ func (r *Reader) queryViews() ([]*models.View, error) {
 
 // queryColumns retrieves all columns for a given table or view
 func (r *Reader) queryColumns(tableName string) (map[string]*models.Column, error) {
-	query := fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA table_info(%s)", tableName)
+	// table_xinfo, unlike table_info, also lists generated columns (hidden = 2 virtual, 3 stored)
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("PRAGMA table_xinfo(%s)", tableName)
 
 	rows, err := r.db.QueryContext(r.ctx, query)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -84,24 +85,38 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(tableName string) (map[string]*models.Column, erro
 	defer rows.Close()
 
 	columns := make(map[string]*models.Column)
+	var tableSQL string
+	tableSQLLoaded := false
 
 	for rows.Next() {
 		var cid int
 		var name, dataType string
-		var notNull, pk int
+		var notNull, pk, hidden int
 		var defaultValue *string
 
-		if err := rows.Scan(&cid, &name, &dataType, &notNull, &defaultValue, &pk); err != nil {
+		if err := rows.Scan(&cid, &name, &dataType, &notNull, &defaultValue, &pk, &hidden); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
+		// Hidden virtual-table columns (hidden = 1) are not part of the schema
+		if hidden == 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		column := models.InitColumn(name, tableName, "main")
 		column.Type = r.mapDataType(strings.ToUpper(dataType))
 		column.NotNull = (notNull == 1)
 		column.IsPrimaryKey = (pk > 0)
 		column.Sequence = uint(cid + 1)
 
-		if defaultValue != nil {
+		if hidden == 2 || hidden == 3 {
+			column.Generated = true
+			if !tableSQLLoaded {
+				tableSQL = r.tableSQL(tableName)
+				tableSQLLoaded = true
+			}
+			column.GenerationExpression = parseGeneratedExpression(tableSQL, name)
+		} else if defaultValue != nil {
 			column.Default = *defaultValue
 		}
 
@@ -116,6 +131,16 @@ func (r *Reader) queryColumns(tableName string) (map[string]*models.Column, erro
 	return columns, rows.Err()
 }
 
+// tableSQL returns the CREATE TABLE statement of a table, or "" when it cannot be read.
+func (r *Reader) tableSQL(tableName string) string {
+	var sql string
+	err := r.db.QueryRowContext(r.ctx, `SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND name = ?`, tableName).Scan(&sql)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return sql
+}
+
 // isAutoIncrement checks if a column is autoincrement
 func (r *Reader) isAutoIncrement(tableName, columnName string) bool {
 	// Check sqlite_sequence table or parse CREATE TABLE statement

pkg/readers/typeorm/README.md

@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ export class Post {
 - `@JoinColumn()` - Foreign key column
 - `@Index()` - Index definition
 - `@Unique()` - Unique constraint
+- `asExpression` / `generatedType` - Generated column (`Generated` + `GenerationExpression`)
+- `@PrimaryGeneratedColumn('identity')`, `@Generated('identity')`, `generatedIdentity` - Identity column
 
 ## Notes
 

pkg/readers/typeorm/reader.go

@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ func (r *Reader) extractEntities(content string) []entityInfo {
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(content))
 
 	entityRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^export\s+class\s+(\w+)`)
-	decoratorRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*@(\w+)(\([^)]*\))?`)
 	fieldRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^\s*(\w+):\s*([^;]+);`)
 
 	var currentEntity *entityInfo
@@ -145,8 +144,7 @@ func (r *Reader) extractEntities(content string) []entityInfo {
 		}
 
 		// Check for decorator
-		if matches := decoratorRegex.FindStringSubmatch(trimmed); matches != nil {
-			decorator := matches[0]
+		if decorator, ok := matchDecorator(trimmed); ok {
 			pendingDecorators = append(pendingDecorators, decorator)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -488,7 +486,11 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumnDecorator(decorator string, column *models.Column, t
 		column.IsPrimaryKey = true
 		column.NotNull = true
 
-		if strings.Contains(decorator, "'uuid'") {
+		if strings.Contains(decorator, "'identity'") {
+			column.AutoIncrement = true
+			column.Identity = true
+			column.IdentityGeneration = parseGeneratedIdentity(decorator)
+		} else if strings.Contains(decorator, "'uuid'") {
 			column.Type = "uuid"
 			column.Default = "gen_random_uuid()"
 		} else if strings.Contains(decorator, "'increment'") || strings.Contains(decorator, "()") {
@@ -497,6 +499,17 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumnDecorator(decorator string, column *models.Column, t
 		return
 	}
 
+	// @Generated('identity') on a non-key column; generatedIdentity is read from @Column
+	if strings.HasPrefix(decorator, "@Generated") {
+		if strings.Contains(decorator, "'identity'") {
+			column.Identity = true
+			if column.IdentityGeneration == "" {
+				column.IdentityGeneration = "BY DEFAULT"
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
 	// @Column
 	if strings.HasPrefix(decorator, "@Column") {
 		r.parseColumnOptions(decorator, column, table)
@@ -586,6 +599,14 @@ func (r *Reader) parseColumnOptions(decorator string, column *models.Column, tab
 		}
 	}
 
+	if matches := asExpressionRegex.FindStringSubmatch(content); matches != nil {
+		column.Generated = true
+		column.GenerationExpression = unescapeSingleQuoted(matches[1])
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(content, "generatedIdentity") {
+		column.IdentityGeneration = parseGeneratedIdentity(content)
+	}
+
 	if strings.Contains(content, "nullable: true") || strings.Contains(content, "nullable:true") {
 		column.NotNull = false
 	}
@@ -834,3 +855,72 @@ func (r *Reader) getPrimaryKeyColumn(table *models.Table) *models.Column {
 
 	return pk
 }
+
+var (
+	asExpressionRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(`asExpression:\s*'((?:\\.|[^\\'])*)'`)
+	generatedIdentityRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`generatedIdentity:\s*['"](ALWAYS|BY DEFAULT)['"]`)
+)
+
+// parseGeneratedIdentity returns the identity generation mode named in a decorator
+// ("ALWAYS" or "BY DEFAULT"), defaulting to "BY DEFAULT" as TypeORM does.
+func parseGeneratedIdentity(decorator string) string {
+	if matches := generatedIdentityRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(decorator); matches != nil {
+		return matches[1]
+	}
+	return "BY DEFAULT"
+}
+
+// unescapeSingleQuoted reverses escaping applied inside a quoted TypeScript string.
+func unescapeSingleQuoted(s string) string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		if s[i] == '\\' && i+1 < len(s) {
+			i++
+		}
+		sb.WriteByte(s[i])
+	}
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+var decoratorNameRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^@\w+`)
+
+// matchDecorator returns the decorator at the start of line, including its argument list.
+// Parentheses inside quoted strings (e.g. a generated column expression) do not end it.
+func matchDecorator(line string) (string, bool) {
+	name := decoratorNameRegex.FindString(line)
+	if name == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	rest := line[len(name):]
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(rest, "(") {
+		return name, true
+	}
+
+	depth := 0
+	var quote byte
+	for i := 0; i < len(rest); i++ {
+		ch := rest[i]
+		if quote != 0 {
+			switch ch {
+			case '\\':
+				i++
+			case quote:
+				quote = 0
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		switch ch {
+		case '\'', '"', '`':
+			quote = ch
+		case '(':
+			depth++
+		case ')':
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 {
+				return name + rest[:i+1], true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Unterminated argument list: keep the whole line, as a best effort
+	return line, true
+}

pkg/writers/bun/README.md

@@ -129,6 +129,9 @@ type User struct {
 - `default` - Default value
 - `rel` - Relationship definition
 - `type` - Explicit SQL type
+- `scanonly` - Excluded from INSERT/UPDATE: `GENERATED ... STORED` columns, and `GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY` columns that are not the primary key
+- `generated` - Marks a `GENERATED ... STORED` column
+- `identity` - Marks a `GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY` column (a primary key gets only this marker, since Bun drops `scanonly` fields from the PK list)
 
 ## Type Mapping
 

pkg/writers/bun/generated_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package bun
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+func TestBuildBunTag_GeneratedColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	mapper := NewTypeMapper("", "")
+
+	generated := models.InitColumn("full_name", "users", "public")
+	generated.Type = "text"
+	generated.Generated = true
+	generated.GenerationExpression = "first || ' ' || last"
+
+	plain := models.InitColumn("first", "users", "public")
+	plain.Type = "text"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		column *models.Column
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{"generated column is scanonly and marked", generated, true},
+		{"ordinary column is untouched", plain, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tag := mapper.BuildBunTag(tt.column, nil)
+			parts := strings.Split(tag, ",")
+			has := func(s string) bool {
+				for _, p := range parts {
+					if p == s {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+				return false
+			}
+			if has("scanonly") != tt.want || has("generated") != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("tag %q: scanonly/generated present = %v/%v, want %v", tag, has("scanonly"), has("generated"), tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/bun/identity_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package bun
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+func TestBuildBunTag_IdentityColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	mapper := NewTypeMapper("", "")
+
+	build := func(pk, identity bool, generation string) *models.Column {
+		col := models.InitColumn("id", "users", "public")
+		col.Type = "bigint"
+		col.IsPrimaryKey = pk
+		col.Identity = identity
+		col.IdentityGeneration = generation
+		return col
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		column     *models.Column
+		wantFlag   bool
+		wantMarker bool
+	}{
+		{"always identity non-pk is write-blocked", build(false, true, "ALWAYS"), true, true},
+		{"always identity pk is only marked", build(true, true, "ALWAYS"), false, true},
+		{"by default identity is writable", build(false, true, "BY DEFAULT"), false, false},
+		{"non-identity is untouched", build(false, false, ""), false, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tag := mapper.BuildBunTag(tt.column, nil)
+			has := func(s string) bool {
+				for _, p := range strings.Split(tag, ",") {
+					if p == s {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+				return false
+			}
+			if has("scanonly") != tt.wantFlag || has("identity") != tt.wantMarker {
+				t.Errorf("tag %q: scanonly/identity = %v/%v, want %v/%v", tag, has("scanonly"), has("identity"), tt.wantFlag, tt.wantMarker)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/bun/template_data.go

@@ -279,13 +279,16 @@ func (md *ModelData) AddRelationshipField(field *FieldData) {
 
 // formatComment combines description and comment into a single comment string
 func formatComment(description, comment string) string {
+	var result string
 	if description != "" && comment != "" {
-		return description + " - " + comment
+		result = description + " - " + comment
+	} else if description != "" {
+		result = description
+	} else {
+		result = comment
 	}
-	if description != "" {
-		return description
-	}
-	return comment
+	// Generated Go comments are emitted on a single source line.
+	return strings.Join(strings.Fields(result), " ")
 }
 
 func isStringLikePrimaryKeyType(goType string) bool {

pkg/writers/bun/type_mapper.go

@@ -366,6 +366,22 @@ func (tm *TypeMapper) BuildBunTag(column *models.Column, table *models.Table) st
 		parts = append(parts, "autoincrement")
 	}
 
+	// GENERATED ALWAYS ... STORED columns are computed by the database and cannot be
+	// written: scanonly keeps them out of INSERT/UPDATE, generated marks why.
+	if column.Generated {
+		parts = append(parts, "scanonly", "generated")
+	}
+
+	// GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY rejects explicit values. Bun drops scanonly fields
+	// from the table's PK list, so a primary key only gets the marker; its zero value
+	// is already sent as DEFAULT via autoincrement.
+	if column.Identity && strings.EqualFold(column.IdentityGeneration, "ALWAYS") {
+		if !column.IsPrimaryKey {
+			parts = append(parts, "scanonly")
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, "identity")
+	}
+
 	// Default value
 	if column.Default != nil {
 		// Sanitize default value to remove backticks, then quote based on column type

pkg/writers/bun/writer_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package bun
 
 import (
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -95,6 +97,60 @@ func TestWriter_WriteTable(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriter_WriteTable_MultilineDescriptionProducesValidGo(t *testing.T) {
+	table := models.InitTable("city", "info")
+	table.Description = "Cities and municipalities worldwide.\n\nSPATIAL:\nProximity queries use a GiST index."
+	table.Columns["id_city"] = &models.Column{Name: "id_city", Type: "integer", IsPrimaryKey: true, NotNull: true}
+
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "city.go")
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: outputPath, PackageName: "models"})
+	if err := writer.WriteTable(table); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteTable() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	generated, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read generated code: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := parser.ParseFile(token.NewFileSet(), outputPath, generated, parser.AllErrors); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("generated code is invalid Go: %v\n%s", err, generated)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(generated), "// Cities and municipalities worldwide. SPATIAL: Proximity queries use a GiST index.") {
+		t.Errorf("multiline description was not rendered as a single Go comment:\n%s", generated)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriter_WriteTable_HeaderIsVersionFree(t *testing.T) {
+	table := models.InitTable("users", "public")
+	table.Columns["id"] = &models.Column{Name: "id", Type: "bigint", IsPrimaryKey: true, NotNull: true, Sequence: 1}
+
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "users.go")
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: outputPath, PackageName: "models"})
+	if err := writer.WriteTable(table); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteTable() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	generated, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read generated code: %v", err)
+	}
+	src := string(generated)
+
+	if _, err := parser.ParseFile(token.NewFileSet(), outputPath, generated, parser.AllErrors); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("generated code is invalid Go: %v\n%s", err, src)
+	}
+
+	// Output must be reproducible: no version or build date in the header.
+	if strings.Contains(src, "(built: ") || strings.Contains(src, "RelSpec ") {
+		t.Errorf("generated code still carries a version header\n%s", src)
+	}
+	// The "Code generated" marker must sit directly above the package clause.
+	want := "// Code generated by relspecgo. DO NOT EDIT.\npackage models"
+	if !strings.Contains(src, want) {
+		t.Errorf("header not immediately followed by package clause\n%s", src)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWriter_WriteDatabase_MultiFile(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a database with two tables
 	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")

pkg/writers/dbml/README.md

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ Table table_name {
 - `unique` - Unique constraint
 - `default: value` - Default value
 - `note: 'text'` - Column note
+- `note: 'GENERATED ALWAYS AS (expr) STORED'` - Generated column (`Generated`, `GenerationExpression`)
+- `note: 'GENERATED ALWAYS|BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY'` - Identity column (`Identity`, `IdentityGeneration`)
 
 ### Relationships
 ```dbml
@@ -137,6 +139,41 @@ indexes {
 }
 ```
 
+### Dialect directives
+
+Dialect directives stored on a model object's `Metadata` (namespace `postgres`,
+`sqlite`, …) are re-emitted verbatim, one line per directive, at the location
+they belong to:
+
+```dbml
+@postgres: search_path myapp
+
+Table myapp.events {
+  id bigint [pk]
+  created_at timestamp [not null]
+  @postgres(id): identity always
+  @postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)
+  @sqlite: without rowid
+
+  indexes {
+    (created_at) [name: 'idx_events_created']
+    @postgres: with (fillfactor=90)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Emitted at | From |
+|------------|------|
+| Before the first table | `Database.Metadata` |
+| After a column line, as `@ns(col): …` | `Column.Metadata` |
+| After an index line, inside `indexes { }` | `Index.Metadata` |
+| After the `indexes` block, before `Note:` | `Table.Metadata` |
+
+Output is deterministic (ordered by namespace, then source line, then args), so a
+`DBML → model → DBML` round-trip is idempotent. See
+[`docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md`](../../../docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md) for the grammar and
+the list of directives the PostgreSQL and SQLite writers translate to SQL.
+
 ## Type Mapping
 
 | SQL Type | DBML Type |

pkg/writers/dbml/directives.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+// directiveLines renders every dialect directive stored in meta back to its DBML
+// source form, one line per directive, each prefixed with indent. When target is
+// non-empty it is emitted as the "(column)" target, e.g.
+// "  @postgres(id): identity always". Order is deterministic (see
+// models.GetDirectives).
+func directiveLines(meta map[string]any, indent, target string) []string {
+	directives := models.GetDirectives(meta)
+	if len(directives) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	lines := make([]string, 0, len(directives))
+	for _, d := range directives {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+models.FormatDirectiveLine(d, target))
+	}
+	return lines
+}

pkg/writers/dbml/directives_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	dbmlreader "git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers/dbml"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+const directiveSrc = `@postgres: search_path myapp
+
+Table myapp.events {
+  id bigint [pk]
+  created_at timestamp [not null]
+  @postgres(id): identity always
+  @postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)
+  @postgres: tablespace fast_data
+  @sqlite: without rowid
+
+  indexes {
+    (created_at) [name: 'idx_events_created']
+    @postgres: with (fillfactor=90)
+  }
+}
+`
+
+func writeDBML(t *testing.T, db *models.Database) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	out := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "out.dbml")
+	require.NoError(t, NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: out}).WriteDatabase(db))
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(out)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+func readDBML(t *testing.T, src string) *models.Database {
+	t.Helper()
+	f := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "in.dbml")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(f, []byte(src), 0o644))
+	db, err := dbmlreader.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: f}).ReadDatabase()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return db
+}
+
+func collectDirectives(db *models.Database) map[string][]string {
+	got := map[string][]string{}
+	add := func(loc string, meta map[string]any) {
+		for _, d := range models.GetDirectives(meta) {
+			got[loc] = append(got[loc], models.FormatDirectiveLine(d, ""))
+		}
+	}
+	add("database", db.Metadata)
+	for _, s := range db.Schemas {
+		for _, tbl := range s.Tables {
+			add("table:"+tbl.Name, tbl.Metadata)
+			for _, c := range tbl.Columns {
+				add("column:"+c.Name, c.Metadata)
+			}
+			for _, i := range tbl.Indexes {
+				add("index:"+i.Name, i.Metadata)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return got
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	db1 := readDBML(t, directiveSrc)
+	out1 := writeDBML(t, db1)
+	db2 := readDBML(t, out1)
+	out2 := writeDBML(t, db2)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, out1, out2, "DBML directive output should be idempotent")
+	assert.Equal(t, collectDirectives(db1), collectDirectives(db2), "directives preserved through round-trip")
+
+	// Spot-check each location survived.
+	d := collectDirectives(db2)
+	assert.Contains(t, d["database"], "@postgres: search_path myapp")
+	assert.Contains(t, d["table:events"], "@postgres: partition by RANGE (created_at)")
+	assert.Contains(t, d["table:events"], "@sqlite: without rowid")
+	assert.Contains(t, d["column:id"], "@postgres: identity always")
+	assert.Contains(t, d["index:idx_events_created"], "@postgres: with (fillfactor=90)")
+}
+
+func TestDirectives_WriterEmitsColumnTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	db := readDBML(t, directiveSrc)
+	out := writeDBML(t, db)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "@postgres(id): identity always")
+}

pkg/writers/dbml/generated_columns_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package dbml
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+	dbmlreader "git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers/dbml"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+func TestGeneratedAndIdentityColumnsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	table := models.InitTable("people", "public")
+
+	id := models.InitColumn("id", "people", "public")
+	id.Type = "bigint"
+	id.IsPrimaryKey = true
+	id.AutoIncrement = true
+	id.Identity = true
+	id.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+	table.Columns["id"] = id
+
+	seq := models.InitColumn("seq", "people", "public")
+	seq.Type = "integer"
+	seq.Identity = true
+	seq.IdentityGeneration = "BY DEFAULT"
+	table.Columns["seq"] = seq
+
+	full := models.InitColumn("full_name", "people", "public")
+	full.Type = "text"
+	full.Generated = true
+	full.GenerationExpression = "first || ' ' || last"
+	table.Columns["full_name"] = full
+
+	plain := models.InitColumn("first", "people", "public")
+	plain.Type = "text"
+	plain.Comment = "given name"
+	table.Columns["first"] = plain
+
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+
+	out := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "people.dbml")
+	require.NoError(t, NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: out}).WriteDatabase(db))
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(out)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "GENERATED ALWAYS AS (first || \\' \\' || last) STORED")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY")
+
+	got, err := dbmlreader.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: out}).ReadDatabase()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cols := got.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns
+
+	assert.True(t, cols["id"].Identity)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ALWAYS", cols["id"].IdentityGeneration)
+	assert.Empty(t, cols["id"].Comment, "marker note must not become a comment")
+
+	assert.True(t, cols["seq"].Identity)
+	assert.Equal(t, "BY DEFAULT", cols["seq"].IdentityGeneration)
+
+	assert.True(t, cols["full_name"].Generated)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first || ' ' || last", cols["full_name"].GenerationExpression)
+	assert.Empty(t, cols["full_name"].Comment)
+
+	assert.False(t, cols["first"].Generated)
+	assert.False(t, cols["first"].Identity)
+	assert.Equal(t, "given name", cols["first"].Comment)
+}

pkg/writers/dbml/writer.go

@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ func (w *Writer) databaseToDBML(d *models.Database) string {
 		sb.WriteString("\n")
 	}
 
+	if dirLines := directiveLines(d.Metadata, "", ""); len(dirLines) > 0 {
+		for _, line := range dirLines {
+			sb.WriteString(line)
+			sb.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+		sb.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+
 	for _, schema := range d.Schemas {
 		sb.WriteString(w.schemaToDBML(schema))
 	}
@@ -106,6 +114,24 @@ func (w *Writer) schemaToDBML(schema *models.Schema) string {
 	return sb.String()
 }
 
+// columnMarkerNote returns the note marking a column the database computes itself
+// (GENERATED ... STORED, or GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY), or "" for an ordinary column.
+// The DBML reader turns the note back into the model's Generated/Identity fields.
+func columnMarkerNote(column *models.Column) string {
+	switch {
+	case column.Generated:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("GENERATED ALWAYS AS (%s) STORED", column.GenerationExpression)
+	case column.Identity && column.IdentityGeneration != "":
+		return fmt.Sprintf("GENERATED %s AS IDENTITY", strings.ToUpper(column.IdentityGeneration))
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// escapeNote escapes a value for use inside a single-quoted DBML note.
+func escapeNote(s string) string {
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(s, `\`, `\\`), `'`, `\'`)
+}
+
 // tableToDBML converts a Table to DBML format string
 func (w *Writer) tableToDBML(t *models.Table) string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
@@ -138,6 +164,10 @@ func (w *Writer) tableToDBML(t *models.Table) string {
 			}
 		}
 
+		if marker := columnMarkerNote(column); marker != "" {
+			attrs = append(attrs, fmt.Sprintf("note: '%s'", escapeNote(marker)))
+		}
+
 		if len(attrs) > 0 {
 			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " [%s]", strings.Join(attrs, ", "))
 		}
@@ -146,6 +176,11 @@ func (w *Writer) tableToDBML(t *models.Table) string {
 			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " // %s", column.Comment)
 		}
 		sb.WriteString("\n")
+
+		for _, line := range directiveLines(column.Metadata, "  ", column.Name) {
+			sb.WriteString(line)
+			sb.WriteString("\n")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if len(t.Indexes) > 0 {
@@ -167,13 +202,27 @@ func (w *Writer) tableToDBML(t *models.Table) string {
 				fmt.Fprintf(&sb, " [%s]", strings.Join(indexAttrs, ", "))
 			}
 			sb.WriteString("\n")
+
+			for _, line := range directiveLines(index.Metadata, "    ", "") {
+				sb.WriteString(line)
+				sb.WriteString("\n")
+			}
 		}
 		sb.WriteString("  }\n")
 	}
 
+	for _, line := range directiveLines(t.Metadata, "  ", "") {
+		sb.WriteString(line)
+		sb.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+
 	note := strings.TrimSpace(t.Description + " " + t.Comment)
 	if note != "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "\n  Note: '%s'\n", note)
+		if strings.Contains(note, "\n") {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "\n  Note: '''\n%s\n  '''\n", note)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "\n  Note: '%s'\n", note)
+		}
 	}
 
 	sb.WriteString("}\n")

pkg/writers/dbml/writer_test.go

@@ -59,6 +59,23 @@ func TestWriter_WriteTable(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, output, "Note: 'User accounts table'")
 }
 
+func TestWriter_WriteTable_MultilineNote(t *testing.T) {
+	table := models.InitTable("cities", "info")
+	table.Description = "Cities and municipalities worldwide.\n\nSPATIAL:\nProximity queries use a GiST index."
+
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cities.dbml")
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: outputPath})
+	if err := writer.WriteTable(table); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteTable() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read generated DBML: %v", err)
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, string(output), "Note: '''\nCities and municipalities worldwide.\n\nSPATIAL:\nProximity queries use a GiST index.\n  '''")
+}
+
 func TestWriter_WriteDatabase_WithRelationships(t *testing.T) {
 	db := models.InitDatabase("test_db")
 	schema := models.InitSchema("public")

pkg/writers/drizzle/README.md

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ export const postsRelations = relations(posts, ({ one }) => ({
 
 ## Notes
 
+- Generated columns: `.generatedAlwaysAs(sql`expr`)`; identity columns: `.generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()` / `.generatedByDefaultAsIdentity()`
 - Table names and column names are preserved as-is
 - Relationships are generated as separate relation definitions
 - Constraint actions (CASCADE, etc.) are included in references

pkg/writers/drizzle/generated_columns_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package drizzle
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+	drizzlereader "git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers/drizzle"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+func TestGeneratedAndIdentityColumnsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	table := models.InitTable("people", "public")
+
+	id := models.InitColumn("id", "people", "public")
+	id.Type = "bigint"
+	id.IsPrimaryKey = true
+	id.AutoIncrement = true
+	id.Identity = true
+	id.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+	table.Columns["id"] = id
+
+	seq := models.InitColumn("seq", "people", "public")
+	seq.Type = "integer"
+	seq.AutoIncrement = true
+	seq.Identity = true
+	seq.IdentityGeneration = "BY DEFAULT"
+	table.Columns["seq"] = seq
+
+	first := models.InitColumn("first", "people", "public")
+	first.Type = "text"
+	table.Columns["first"] = first
+
+	full := models.InitColumn("full_name", "people", "public")
+	full.Type = "text"
+	full.Generated = true
+	full.GenerationExpression = "first || ' ' || upper(first)"
+	table.Columns["full_name"] = full
+
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+
+	out := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "schema.ts")
+	require.NoError(t, NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: out}).WriteDatabase(db))
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(out)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "generatedAlwaysAs(sql`first || ' ' || upper(first)`)")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "generatedByDefaultAsIdentity()")
+
+	got, err := drizzlereader.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: out}).ReadDatabase()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cols := got.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns
+
+	assert.True(t, cols["id"].Identity)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ALWAYS", cols["id"].IdentityGeneration)
+	assert.True(t, cols["seq"].Identity)
+	assert.Equal(t, "BY DEFAULT", cols["seq"].IdentityGeneration)
+	assert.True(t, cols["full_name"].Generated)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first || ' ' || upper(first)", cols["full_name"].GenerationExpression)
+	assert.False(t, cols["first"].Generated)
+	assert.False(t, cols["first"].Identity)
+}

pkg/writers/drizzle/template_data.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package drizzle
 
 import (
 	"sort"
+	"strings"
 
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
 )
@@ -199,13 +200,16 @@ func NewIndexData(index *models.Index, tableVar string, tm *TypeMapper) *IndexDa
 
 // formatComment combines description and comment into a single comment string
 func formatComment(description, comment string) string {
+	var result string
 	if description != "" && comment != "" {
-		return description + " - " + comment
+		result = description + " - " + comment
+	} else if description != "" {
+		result = description
+	} else {
+		result = comment
 	}
-	if description != "" {
-		return description
-	}
-	return comment
+	// Generated TypeScript comments are emitted on a single source line.
+	return strings.Join(strings.Fields(result), " ")
 }
 
 // joinStrings joins a slice of strings with a separator

pkg/writers/drizzle/type_mapper.go

@@ -140,7 +140,13 @@ func (tm *TypeMapper) buildColumnModifiers(col *models.Column, table *models.Tab
 	}
 
 	// Default value
-	if col.AutoIncrement {
+	if col.Generated && col.GenerationExpression != "" {
+		// GENERATED ALWAYS AS (expr) STORED
+		expr := strings.ReplaceAll(col.GenerationExpression, "`", "\\`")
+		modifiers = append(modifiers, fmt.Sprintf("generatedAlwaysAs(sql`%s`)", expr))
+	} else if col.Identity && strings.EqualFold(col.IdentityGeneration, "BY DEFAULT") {
+		modifiers = append(modifiers, "generatedByDefaultAsIdentity()")
+	} else if col.AutoIncrement || col.Identity {
 		// For auto-increment, use generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()
 		modifiers = append(modifiers, "generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()")
 	} else if col.Default != nil {

pkg/writers/gorm/README.md

@@ -203,6 +203,14 @@ The writer automatically generates relationship fields:
 - Relationship field names use 3-letter prefixes
 - Includes proper `gorm` tags with `foreignKey` and `references`
 
+## Read-only Columns
+
+| Column | Tags |
+|---|---|
+| `GENERATED ... STORED` | `<-:false;generated` |
+| `GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY`, not PK | `<-:false;identity` |
+| `GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY`, PK | `identity` only |
+
 ## Notes
 
 - Model names are prefixed with "Model" (e.g., `ModelUser`)

pkg/writers/gorm/generated_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package gorm
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+func TestBuildGormTag_GeneratedColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	mapper := NewTypeMapper("")
+
+	generated := models.InitColumn("full_name", "users", "public")
+	generated.Type = "text"
+	generated.Generated = true
+
+	plain := models.InitColumn("first", "users", "public")
+	plain.Type = "text"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		column *models.Column
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{"generated column is write-disabled and marked", generated, true},
+		{"ordinary column is untouched", plain, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tag := mapper.BuildGormTag(tt.column, nil)
+			parts := strings.Split(tag, ";")
+			has := func(s string) bool {
+				for _, p := range parts {
+					if p == s {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+				return false
+			}
+			if has("<-:false") != tt.want || has("generated") != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("tag %q: <-:false/generated present = %v/%v, want %v", tag, has("<-:false"), has("generated"), tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/gorm/identity_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package gorm
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+func TestBuildGormTag_IdentityColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	mapper := NewTypeMapper("")
+
+	build := func(pk, identity bool, generation string) *models.Column {
+		col := models.InitColumn("id", "users", "public")
+		col.Type = "bigint"
+		col.IsPrimaryKey = pk
+		col.Identity = identity
+		col.IdentityGeneration = generation
+		return col
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		column     *models.Column
+		wantFlag   bool
+		wantMarker bool
+	}{
+		{"always identity non-pk is write-blocked", build(false, true, "ALWAYS"), true, true},
+		{"always identity pk is only marked", build(true, true, "ALWAYS"), false, true},
+		{"by default identity is writable", build(false, true, "BY DEFAULT"), false, false},
+		{"non-identity is untouched", build(false, false, ""), false, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tag := mapper.BuildGormTag(tt.column, nil)
+			has := func(s string) bool {
+				for _, p := range strings.Split(tag, ";") {
+					if p == s {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+				return false
+			}
+			if has("<-:false") != tt.wantFlag || has("identity") != tt.wantMarker {
+				t.Errorf("tag %q: <-:false/identity = %v/%v, want %v/%v", tag, has("<-:false"), has("identity"), tt.wantFlag, tt.wantMarker)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/gorm/template_data.go

@@ -192,13 +192,17 @@ func (md *ModelData) AddRelationshipField(field *FieldData) {
 
 // formatComment combines description and comment into a single comment string
 func formatComment(description, comment string) string {
+	var result string
 	if description != "" && comment != "" {
-		return description + " - " + comment
+		result = description + " - " + comment
+	} else if description != "" {
+		result = description
+	} else {
+		result = comment
 	}
-	if description != "" {
-		return description
-	}
-	return comment
+	// Generated Go comments are emitted on a single source line. Collapse
+	// multiline DBML notes so the remaining lines cannot become invalid Go.
+	return strings.Join(strings.Fields(result), " ")
 }
 
 func isStringLikePrimaryKeyType(goType string) bool {

pkg/writers/gorm/type_mapper.go

@@ -401,6 +401,21 @@ func (tm *TypeMapper) BuildGormTag(column *models.Column, table *models.Table) s
 		parts = append(parts, "autoIncrement")
 	}
 
+	// GENERATED ALWAYS ... STORED columns are computed by the database and cannot be
+	// written: disable write permission so GORM leaves them out of INSERT/UPDATE, and mark why.
+	if column.Generated {
+		parts = append(parts, "<-:false", "generated")
+	}
+
+	// GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY rejects explicit values. A primary key only gets the
+	// marker so it keeps its normal create/return behavior.
+	if column.Identity && strings.EqualFold(column.IdentityGeneration, "ALWAYS") {
+		if !column.IsPrimaryKey {
+			parts = append(parts, "<-:false")
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, "identity")
+	}
+
 	// Not null (skip if primary key, as it's implied)
 	if column.NotNull && !column.IsPrimaryKey {
 		parts = append(parts, "not null")

pkg/writers/gorm/writer_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package gorm
 
 import (
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -87,6 +89,69 @@ func TestWriter_WriteTable(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriter_WriteTable_MultilineDescriptionProducesValidGo(t *testing.T) {
+	table := models.InitTable("cities", "info")
+	table.Description = "Cities and municipalities worldwide.\n\nSPATIAL:\nProximity queries use a GiST index."
+	table.Columns["id"] = &models.Column{Name: "id", Type: "integer", IsPrimaryKey: true, NotNull: true}
+
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "cities.go")
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: outputPath, PackageName: "models"})
+	if err := writer.WriteTable(table); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteTable() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	generated, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read generated code: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := parser.ParseFile(token.NewFileSet(), outputPath, generated, parser.AllErrors); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("generated code is invalid Go: %v\n%s", err, generated)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(generated), "// Cities and municipalities worldwide. SPATIAL: Proximity queries use a GiST index.") {
+		t.Errorf("multiline description was not rendered as a single Go comment:\n%s", generated)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriter_WriteTable_ColumnOrderFollowsSequence(t *testing.T) {
+	// Column.Sequence carries the source (e.g. DBML) declaration order; the
+	// generated struct fields must follow it, not fall back to alphabetical.
+	table := models.InitTable("widget", "public")
+	table.Columns["zeta"] = &models.Column{Name: "zeta", Type: "varchar", Length: 50, Sequence: 1}
+	table.Columns["alpha"] = &models.Column{Name: "alpha", Type: "bigint", NotNull: true, IsPrimaryKey: true, AutoIncrement: true, Sequence: 2}
+	table.Columns["mid_field"] = &models.Column{Name: "mid_field", Type: "integer", Sequence: 3}
+	table.Columns["beta"] = &models.Column{Name: "beta", Type: "varchar", Length: 100, Sequence: 4}
+
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "widget.go")
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{OutputPath: outputPath, PackageName: "models"})
+	if err := writer.WriteTable(table); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteTable() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	generated, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read generated code: %v", err)
+	}
+	src := string(generated)
+	if _, err := parser.ParseFile(token.NewFileSet(), outputPath, generated, parser.AllErrors); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("generated code is invalid Go: %v\n%s", err, src)
+	}
+
+	positions := make([]int, 0, 4)
+	for _, field := range []string{"Zeta ", "Alpha ", "MidField ", "Beta "} {
+		idx := strings.Index(src, "\t"+field)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("field %q missing from generated struct:\n%s", field, src)
+		}
+		positions = append(positions, idx)
+	}
+	for i := 1; i < len(positions); i++ {
+		if positions[i] <= positions[i-1] {
+			t.Errorf("struct fields not in Sequence order (want zeta, alpha, mid_field, beta):\n%s", src)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWriter_WriteDatabase_MultiFile(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a database with two tables
 	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")

pkg/writers/mssql/README.md

@@ -127,4 +127,5 @@ go test ./pkg/writers/mssql/...
 - Views are not currently supported in the writer
 - Sequences are not supported (MSSQL uses IDENTITY instead)
 - Partitioning and advanced features are not supported
-- Generated DDL assumes no triggers or computed columns
+- Generated DDL assumes no triggers
+- Generated columns are written as computed columns `[col] AS (expr) PERSISTED` (no type, no DEFAULT); identity columns as `IDENTITY(1,1)`

pkg/writers/mssql/writer.go

@@ -187,6 +187,16 @@ func (w *Writer) writeCreateTable(schema *models.Schema, table *models.Table) er
 func (w *Writer) generateColumnDefinition(col *models.Column) string {
 	parts := []string{fmt.Sprintf("[%s]", col.Name)}
 
+	// Computed column: "name AS (expr) PERSISTED" has no data type and cannot carry
+	// IDENTITY or a DEFAULT. PERSISTED mirrors the stored semantics of Column.Generated.
+	if col.Generated && col.GenerationExpression != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("AS (%s) PERSISTED", col.GenerationExpression))
+		if col.NotNull {
+			parts = append(parts, "NOT NULL")
+		}
+		return strings.Join(parts, " ")
+	}
+
 	// Type with length/precision
 	baseType := mssql.ConvertCanonicalToMSSQL(col.Type)
 	typeStr := baseType
@@ -215,7 +225,7 @@ func (w *Writer) generateColumnDefinition(col *models.Column) string {
 	parts = append(parts, typeStr)
 
 	// IDENTITY for auto-increment
-	if col.AutoIncrement {
+	if col.AutoIncrement || col.Identity {
 		parts = append(parts, "IDENTITY(1,1)")
 	}
 

pkg/writers/mssql/writer_test.go

@@ -204,3 +204,19 @@ func TestWriteComments(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, output, "User accounts table")
 	assert.Contains(t, output, "Primary key")
 }
+
+func TestGenerateColumnDefinition_ComputedAndIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+
+	computed := &models.Column{
+		Name:                 "full_name",
+		Type:                 "string",
+		Generated:            true,
+		GenerationExpression: "[first] + ' ' + [last]",
+		Default:              "ignored",
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "[full_name] AS ([first] + ' ' + [last]) PERSISTED", writer.generateColumnDefinition(computed))
+
+	identity := &models.Column{Name: "id", Type: "int", NotNull: true, Identity: true, IdentityGeneration: "ALWAYS"}
+	assert.Equal(t, "[id] INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL", writer.generateColumnDefinition(identity))
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/README.md

@@ -164,6 +164,12 @@ When `include_audit` is enabled, adds:
 ## PostgreSQL-Specific Features
 
 - Serial types (SERIAL, BIGSERIAL)
+- Generated columns: `GENERATED ALWAYS AS (expr) STORED` (`Column.Generated` + `GenerationExpression`)
+- Identity columns: `GENERATED ALWAYS|BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY` (`Column.Identity` + `IdentityGeneration`)
+- Generated/identity columns never carry a `DEFAULT`; emitted in `CREATE TABLE` and `ADD COLUMN` (full DDL and migration)
+- Existing generated/identity columns are not diffed (expression changes are not applied)
+- PK sequence = the `nextval()` default's sequence; `setval` moves it past `MAX(pk)`, forward only
+- `serial`/`bigserial` columns without a model default keep their `nextval()` default in diffs
 - Advanced types (UUID, JSONB, ARRAY)
 - Schema-qualified names
 - Constraint actions (CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL)
@@ -172,6 +178,26 @@ When `include_audit` is enabled, adds:
 - Concurrent index creation (`CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY`) via `Index.Concurrent`
 - Check constraints with expressions
 - Extension types and indexes: PostGIS, pgvector, citext, hstore, ltree (see below)
+- DBML dialect directives (`@postgres:` — see below)
+
+### DBML dialect directives
+
+`@postgres:` directives carried on a model object's `Metadata` (typically from a
+DBML source file) are translated to SQL:
+
+| Directive | Location | Emitted |
+|-----------|----------|---------|
+| `@postgres: partition by …` | table | `PARTITION BY …` on `CREATE TABLE` |
+| `@postgres: inherits …` | table | `INHERITS (…)` |
+| `@postgres: with (…)` | table, index | `WITH (…)` (on an index, overrides the comment-derived `WITH`) |
+| `@postgres: tablespace …` | table, index | `TABLESPACE …` |
+| `@postgres(col): storage …` | column | `STORAGE …` |
+| `@postgres(col): compression …` | column | `COMPRESSION …` |
+| `@postgres(col): identity always` / `identity by default` | column | `GENERATED ALWAYS/BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY` |
+
+Directives for other dialects (`@sqlite:` …) are ignored. With
+`WriterOptions.StrictDirectives` (CLI `--strict-directives`) an untranslatable
+`@postgres:` key is an error. Full reference: [`docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md`](../../../docs/DBML_DIRECTIVES.md).
 
 ## Data Types
 

pkg/writers/pgsql/diff_statements_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+// diffTestDB builds a database with one table per spec: name -> column name -> type.
+func diffTestDB(schemaName string, tables map[string]map[string]string) *models.Database {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema(schemaName)
+	for tName, cols := range tables {
+		table := models.InitTable(tName, schemaName)
+		seq := 1
+		for cName, cType := range cols {
+			col := models.InitColumn(cName, tName, schemaName)
+			col.Type = cType
+			col.Sequence = uint(seq)
+			seq++
+			table.Columns[cName] = col
+		}
+		schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	}
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+	return db
+}
+
+func diffJoin(stmts []string) string { return strings.Join(stmts, "\n") }
+
+func TestDiffStatements(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		model       func() *models.Database
+		current     func() *models.Database
+		wantContain []string
+		wantAbsent  []string
+		wantEmpty   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "identical schemas produce no statements",
+			model: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "email": "text"}})
+			},
+			current: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "email": "text"}})
+			},
+			wantEmpty: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing table is created",
+			model: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}, "posts": {"id": "integer"}})
+			},
+			current: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+			},
+			wantContain: []string{"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.posts"},
+			wantAbsent:  []string{"public.users"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing column is added and existing columns are skipped",
+			model: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "email": "text"}})
+			},
+			current: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+			},
+			wantContain: []string{"ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS email text"},
+			wantAbsent:  []string{"COLUMN id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "changed column type is altered",
+			model: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "bigint"}})
+			},
+			current: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+			},
+			wantContain: []string{"ALTER COLUMN id TYPE bigint"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing non-public schema is created before its tables",
+			model: func() *models.Database {
+				return diffTestDB("app", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+			},
+			current: func() *models.Database { return models.InitDatabase("testdb") },
+			wantContain: []string{
+				"CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS app",
+				"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS app.users",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+			stmts, err := w.diffStatements(tt.model(), tt.current())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			out := diffJoin(stmts)
+
+			if tt.wantEmpty && len(stmts) != 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected no statements, got:\n%s", out)
+			}
+			for _, want := range tt.wantContain {
+				if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+					t.Errorf("missing %q in:\n%s", want, out)
+				}
+			}
+			for _, absent := range tt.wantAbsent {
+				if strings.Contains(out, absent) {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected %q in:\n%s", absent, out)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_SchemaCreatedBeforeTables(t *testing.T) {
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	model := diffTestDB("app", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(model, models.InitDatabase("testdb"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	schemaIdx, tableIdx := -1, -1
+	for i, s := range stmts {
+		if strings.Contains(s, "CREATE SCHEMA") {
+			schemaIdx = i
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(s, "CREATE TABLE") {
+			tableIdx = i
+		}
+	}
+	if schemaIdx < 0 || tableIdx < 0 || schemaIdx > tableIdx {
+		t.Fatalf("expected CREATE SCHEMA before CREATE TABLE, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_NewTableCreatesPrimaryKeySequence(t *testing.T) {
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	table := models.InitTable("users", "public")
+	id := models.InitColumn("id", "users", "public")
+	id.Type = "integer"
+	id.IsPrimaryKey = true
+	id.Default = "nextval('public.users_id_seq'::regclass)"
+	table.Columns["id"] = id
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, schema)
+
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(model, models.InitDatabase("testdb"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := diffJoin(stmts)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS public.users_id_seq") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sequence creation, got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+
+	// Existing table: sequence must not be re-emitted.
+	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	cs := models.InitSchema("public")
+	cs.Tables = append(cs.Tables, table)
+	current.Schemas = append(current.Schemas, cs)
+	stmts, err = w.diffStatements(model, current)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(diffJoin(stmts), "CREATE SEQUENCE") {
+		t.Fatalf("sequence emitted for existing table:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_NewIndexAndChangedIndexRecreated(t *testing.T) {
+	build := func(cols ...string) *models.Database {
+		db := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "email": "text", "name": "text"}})
+		table := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0]
+		table.Indexes["idx_users_lookup"] = &models.Index{Name: "idx_users_lookup", Columns: cols}
+		return db
+	}
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+
+	// Index missing in current.
+	noIdx := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "email": "text", "name": "text"}})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(build("email"), noIdx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(diffJoin(stmts), "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_lookup") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected index creation, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+
+	// Index unchanged.
+	stmts, err = w.diffStatements(build("email"), build("email"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(stmts) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no statements for identical index, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+
+	// Index definition changed: dropped and recreated.
+	stmts, err = w.diffStatements(build("name"), build("email"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := diffJoin(stmts)
+	dropIdx := strings.Index(out, "DROP INDEX")
+	createIdx := strings.Index(out, "CREATE INDEX")
+	if dropIdx < 0 || createIdx < 0 || dropIdx > createIdx {
+		t.Fatalf("expected DROP INDEX before CREATE INDEX, got:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_FlattenSchemaRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{FlattenSchema: true})
+	if _, err := w.generateLiveDiffStatements(models.InitDatabase("x"), "postgres://unused"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error so the caller falls back to full DDL")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_LiveDatabaseRepresentationsAreNotDifferences(t *testing.T) {
+	build := func(live bool) *models.Database {
+		db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+		schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+		parent := models.InitTable("parent", "public")
+		parentID := models.InitColumn("id_parent", "parent", "public")
+		parentCurrentType := "bigserial"
+		if live {
+			parentCurrentType = "bigint"
+		}
+		parentID.Type = parentCurrentType
+		parentID.IsPrimaryKey = true
+		parentID.NotNull = true
+		parent.Columns["id_parent"] = parentID
+		if live {
+			// A live database reports the PK as a named constraint and the unique
+			// constraint's backing index as an index too.
+			parent.Constraints["pk_public_parent"] = &models.Constraint{
+				Name: "pk_public_parent", Type: models.PrimaryKeyConstraint, Columns: []string{"id_parent"},
+			}
+		}
+		guid := models.InitColumn("guid", "parent", "public")
+		guid.Type = "uuid"
+		parent.Columns["guid"] = guid
+		parent.Constraints["ukey_parent_guid"] = &models.Constraint{
+			Name: "ukey_parent_guid", Type: models.UniqueConstraint, Columns: []string{"guid"},
+		}
+		if live {
+			parent.Indexes["ukey_parent_guid"] = &models.Index{Name: "ukey_parent_guid", Unique: true, Columns: []string{"guid"}, Type: "btree"}
+		}
+
+		// numeric(10,0) vs numeric(10); quoted default vs unquoted default with cast.
+		amount := models.InitColumn("amount", "parent", "public")
+		amount.Type = "numeric(10,0)"
+		tags := models.InitColumn("tags", "parent", "public")
+		tags.Type = "jsonb"
+		tags.Default = "`'[]'`"
+		if live {
+			amount.Type = "numeric"
+			amount.Precision = 10
+			tags.Default = "[]"
+		}
+		parent.Columns["amount"] = amount
+		parent.Columns["tags"] = tags
+
+		parent.Indexes["idx_parent_amount"] = &models.Index{Name: "idx_parent_amount", Columns: []string{"amount"}}
+		if live {
+			parent.Indexes["idx_parent_amount"].Type = "btree"
+		}
+
+		child := models.InitTable("child", "public")
+		cid := models.InitColumn("id_child", "child", "public")
+		cid.Type = "integer"
+		child.Columns["id_child"] = cid
+		rid := models.InitColumn("rid_parent", "child", "public")
+		rid.Type = "bigint"
+		child.Columns["rid_parent"] = rid
+		action := "restrict"
+		if live {
+			action = "RESTRICT"
+		}
+		child.Constraints["fk_child_rid_parent"] = &models.Constraint{
+			Name: "fk_child_rid_parent", Type: models.ForeignKeyConstraint, Columns: []string{"rid_parent"},
+			ReferencedTable: "parent", ReferencedSchema: "public", ReferencedColumns: []string{"id_parent"},
+			OnDelete: action, OnUpdate: action,
+		}
+
+		parent.Description = "Parent\ntable"
+		if live {
+			parent.Description = "Parent\ntable\n"
+		}
+
+		schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, parent, child)
+		db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+		return db
+	}
+
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(build(false), build(true))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(stmts) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected live representations to match the model, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_ChangedPrimaryKeyIsRecreated(t *testing.T) {
+	model := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "tenant": "integer"}})
+	model.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns["tenant"].IsPrimaryKey = true
+
+	current := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer", "tenant": "integer"}})
+	current.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Columns["id"].IsPrimaryKey = true
+	current.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Constraints["pk_public_users"] = &models.Constraint{
+		Name: "pk_public_users", Type: models.PrimaryKeyConstraint, Columns: []string{"id"},
+	}
+
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(model, current)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(diffJoin(stmts), "DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS pk_public_users") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected old primary key to be dropped, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_ChangedCommentEmitted(t *testing.T) {
+	model := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+	model.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Description = "new"
+	current := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{"users": {"id": "integer"}})
+	current.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Description = "old"
+
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(model, current)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(diffJoin(stmts), "COMMENT ON TABLE public.users IS 'new'") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected changed comment, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiffStatements_TruncatedConstraintNameMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	long := "fk_individual_actor_relationship_rid_typelookup_relationship_type"
+	if len(long) <= maxIdentifierBytes {
+		t.Fatal("test name must exceed the identifier limit")
+	}
+	build := func(name string) *models.Database {
+		db := diffTestDB("public", map[string]map[string]string{
+			"parent": {"id": "integer"},
+			"child":  {"rid": "integer"},
+		})
+		for _, tbl := range db.Schemas[0].Tables {
+			if tbl.Name == "child" {
+				tbl.Constraints[name] = &models.Constraint{
+					Name: name, Type: models.ForeignKeyConstraint, Columns: []string{"rid"},
+					ReferencedTable: "parent", ReferencedSchema: "public", ReferencedColumns: []string{"id"},
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return db
+	}
+
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	stmts, err := w.diffStatements(build(long), build(pgIdentifier(long)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(stmts) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected truncated live name to match, got:\n%s", diffJoin(stmts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestColumnDefaultsEqual_LiveRepresentations(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		model, cur interface{}
+		want       bool
+	}{
+		{"cast wrapped in parentheses", "gen_random_uuid()::text", "(gen_random_uuid())::text", true},
+		{"jsonb re-spaced array", `'["openid","profile","email"]'`, `'["openid", "profile", "email"]'::jsonb`, true},
+		{"backticked function", "`now()`", "now()", true},
+		{"quoted literal with cast", "'[]'", "'[]'::jsonb", true},
+		{"jsonb array already unquoted by the reader", `'["openid","profile"]'`, `["openid", "profile"]`, true},
+		{"text with spaces and braces", "`'{actor} #{actor_id} - {chartofaccount}'`", "{actor} #{actor_id} - {chartofaccount}", true},
+		{"cast on plain function stays equal", "gen_random_uuid()::text", "gen_random_uuid()::text", true},
+		{"different jsonb content", `'["a"]'`, `'["b"]'::jsonb`, false},
+		{"different function", "gen_random_uuid()::text", "(now())::text", false},
+		{"different literal", "'active'", "'inactive'::text", false},
+		{"nil vs value", nil, "now()", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := columnDefaultsEqual(tt.model, tt.cur); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("columnDefaultsEqual(%v, %v) = %v, want %v", tt.model, tt.cur, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/directives.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+)
+
+// directiveNamespace is the dialect namespace this writer consumes. Directives
+// for other namespaces (e.g. "sqlite") are ignored and never emitted as SQL.
+const directiveNamespace = "postgres"
+
+// pgHandledDirectives maps a directive location to the set of postgres keys this
+// writer knows how to translate. In strict mode an unknown key for this
+// namespace at a supported location is a hard error.
+var pgHandledDirectives = map[string]map[string]bool{
+	models.DirectiveLocationTable:  {"partition": true, "inherits": true, "with": true, "tablespace": true},
+	models.DirectiveLocationColumn: {"storage": true, "compression": true, "identity": true},
+	models.DirectiveLocationIndex:  {"with": true, "tablespace": true},
+}
+
+// checkDirectives validates postgres directives across a schema when strict mode
+// is enabled. It returns an error for any postgres directive whose key this
+// writer cannot translate. With strict mode off it is a no-op.
+func (w *Writer) checkDirectives(schema *models.Schema) error {
+	if w.options == nil || !w.options.StrictDirectives {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, table := range schema.Tables {
+		if err := checkObjectDirectives(table.Metadata, models.DirectiveLocationTable, table.Name); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, col := range table.Columns {
+			if err := checkObjectDirectives(col.Metadata, models.DirectiveLocationColumn, table.Name+"."+col.Name); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		for _, idx := range table.Indexes {
+			if err := checkObjectDirectives(idx.Metadata, models.DirectiveLocationIndex, idx.Name); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func checkObjectDirectives(meta map[string]any, location, owner string) error {
+	for _, d := range models.DirectivesForNamespace(meta, directiveNamespace) {
+		if !pgHandledDirectives[location][d.Key] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("pgsql: %s: unsupported @postgres directive %q at %s level (strict mode)", owner, d.Key, location)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// upperLeadingClause upcases a known leading keyword phrase in a directive
+// argument so the emitted SQL reads conventionally. Identifiers that follow are
+// left untouched.
+func upperLeadingClause(args, lowerPrefix, upperPrefix string) string {
+	args = strings.TrimSpace(args)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(args), lowerPrefix) {
+		return upperPrefix + args[len(lowerPrefix):]
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
+// pgTableDirectiveSuffix returns the clause appended after the closing ")" of a
+// CREATE TABLE statement, e.g. " PARTITION BY RANGE (created_at) TABLESPACE fast".
+func pgTableDirectiveSuffix(table *models.Table) string {
+	directives := models.DirectivesForNamespace(table.Metadata, directiveNamespace)
+	if len(directives) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	byKey := firstByKey(directives)
+
+	var parts []string
+	if d, ok := byKey["partition"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, upperLeadingClause(d.Args, "partition by", "PARTITION BY"))
+	}
+	if d, ok := byKey["inherits"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, upperLeadingClause(d.Args, "inherits", "INHERITS"))
+	}
+	if d, ok := byKey["with"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, upperLeadingClause(d.Args, "with", "WITH"))
+	}
+	if d, ok := byKey["tablespace"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, upperLeadingClause(d.Args, "tablespace", "TABLESPACE"))
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return " " + strings.Join(parts, " ")
+}
+
+// pgColumnDirectiveSuffix returns the clause appended to a column definition,
+// e.g. " STORAGE PLAIN" or " GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY".
+func pgColumnDirectiveSuffix(col *models.Column) string {
+	directives := models.DirectivesForNamespace(col.Metadata, directiveNamespace)
+	if len(directives) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	byKey := firstByKey(directives)
+
+	var parts []string
+	if d, ok := byKey["storage"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, upperLeadingClause(d.Args, "storage", "STORAGE"))
+	}
+	if d, ok := byKey["compression"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, upperLeadingClause(d.Args, "compression", "COMPRESSION"))
+	}
+	if d, ok := byKey["identity"]; ok {
+		parts = append(parts, identityClause(d.Args))
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return " " + strings.Join(parts, " ")
+}
+
+// identityClause maps the two documented identity forms to standard SQL,
+// falling back to a verbatim (upcased-keyword) rendering.
+func identityClause(args string) string {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.Join(strings.Fields(args), " ")) {
+	case "identity always":
+		return "GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY"
+	case "identity default", "identity by default":
+		return "GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY"
+	default:
+		return upperLeadingClause(args, "identity", "IDENTITY")
+	}
+}
+
+// pgIndexDirectiveWith returns the parenthesised storage-parameter list from an
+// @postgres: with (...) index directive, e.g. "fillfactor=90", or "".
+func pgIndexDirectiveWith(index *models.Index) string {
+	for _, d := range models.DirectivesForNamespace(index.Metadata, directiveNamespace) {
+		if d.Key != "with" {
+			continue
+		}
+		inner := d.Args
+		if i := strings.Index(inner, "("); i >= 0 {
+			if j := strings.LastIndex(inner, ")"); j > i {
+				return strings.TrimSpace(inner[i+1 : j])
+			}
+		}
+		return strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(strings.ToLower(inner), "with"))
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// pgIndexWithParams returns the storage-parameter list to use for an index,
+// preferring an @postgres: with (...) directive over the given fallback (e.g.
+// one derived from the index comment).
+func pgIndexWithParams(index *models.Index, fallback string) string {
+	if p := pgIndexDirectiveWith(index); p != "" {
+		return p
+	}
+	return fallback
+}
+
+// pgIndexDirectiveTablespace returns the tablespace name from an
+// @postgres: tablespace <name> index directive, or "".
+func pgIndexDirectiveTablespace(index *models.Index) string {
+	for _, d := range models.DirectivesForNamespace(index.Metadata, directiveNamespace) {
+		if d.Key == "tablespace" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(strings.ToLower(d.Args), "tablespace"))
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// firstByKey indexes directives by key, keeping the first occurrence (the
+// documented postgres keys used here are all singletons).
+func firstByKey(directives []models.Directive) map[string]models.Directive {
+	byKey := make(map[string]models.Directive, len(directives))
+	for _, d := range directives {
+		if _, exists := byKey[d.Key]; !exists {
+			byKey[d.Key] = d
+		}
+	}
+	return byKey
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/directives_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+func directiveTestDB(t *testing.T) *models.Database {
+	t.Helper()
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	table := models.InitTable("events", "public")
+
+	id := models.InitColumn("id", "events", "public")
+	id.Type = "bigint"
+	id.IsPrimaryKey = true
+	id.NotNull = true
+	models.AddDirective(id.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "identity always"})
+	models.AddDirective(id.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "sqlite", Args: "collate NOCASE"})
+	table.Columns["id"] = id
+
+	created := models.InitColumn("created_at", "events", "public")
+	created.Type = "timestamp"
+	created.NotNull = true
+	table.Columns["created_at"] = created
+
+	models.AddDirective(table.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "partition by RANGE (created_at)"})
+	models.AddDirective(table.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "tablespace fast_data"})
+	models.AddDirective(table.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "sqlite", Args: "without rowid"})
+
+	idx := models.InitIndex("idx_events_created", "events", "public")
+	idx.Columns = []string{"created_at"}
+	models.AddDirective(idx.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "with (fillfactor=90)"})
+	models.AddDirective(idx.Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "tablespace idx_space"})
+	table.Indexes["idx_events_created"] = idx
+
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+	return db
+}
+
+func TestPgDirectives_WriteDatabasePath(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	w.writer = &buf
+	if err := w.WriteDatabase(directiveTestDB(t)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteDatabase: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := buf.String()
+
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		") PARTITION BY RANGE (created_at) TABLESPACE fast_data",
+		"GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY",
+		"WITH (fillfactor=90) TABLESPACE idx_space",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Errorf("missing %q in:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+	// sqlite directives must never reach PG output.
+	if strings.Contains(out, "WITHOUT ROWID") || strings.Contains(strings.ToUpper(out), "COLLATE NOCASE") {
+		t.Errorf("sqlite directive leaked into PG output:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPgDirectives_WriteSchemaPath(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	w.writer = &buf
+	if err := w.WriteSchema(directiveTestDB(t).Schemas[0]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteSchema: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := buf.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(out, ") PARTITION BY RANGE (created_at) TABLESPACE fast_data;") {
+		t.Errorf("table suffix missing from WriteSchema path:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "WITH (fillfactor=90) TABLESPACE idx_space") {
+		t.Errorf("index clauses missing from WriteSchema path:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPgDirectives_StrictUnknownKeyErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	db := directiveTestDB(t)
+	models.AddDirective(db.Schemas[0].Tables[0].Metadata, models.Directive{Namespace: "postgres", Args: "frobnicate x"})
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{StrictDirectives: true})
+	w.writer = &buf
+	err := w.WriteSchema(db.Schemas[0])
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "frobnicate") {
+		t.Fatalf("want strict error for unknown postgres key, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPgDirectives_StrictIgnoresOtherNamespaces(t *testing.T) {
+	// sqlite directives are present but must not trip PG strict mode.
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{StrictDirectives: true})
+	w.writer = &buf
+	if err := w.WriteSchema(directiveTestDB(t).Schemas[0]); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("strict mode should ignore non-postgres directives, got %v", err)
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/generated_column_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+func generationTestTable(withColumns bool) *models.Table {
+	table := models.InitTable("people", "public")
+
+	first := models.InitColumn("first", "people", "public")
+	first.Type = "text"
+	first.Sequence = 1
+	table.Columns["first"] = first
+
+	if !withColumns {
+		return table
+	}
+
+	full := models.InitColumn("full_name", "people", "public")
+	full.Type = "text"
+	full.Sequence = 2
+	full.Generated = true
+	full.GenerationExpression = "first || ' ' || last"
+	full.Default = "ignored"
+	table.Columns["full_name"] = full
+
+	ident := models.InitColumn("seq", "people", "public")
+	ident.Type = "bigint"
+	ident.Sequence = 3
+	ident.NotNull = true
+	ident.Identity = true
+	ident.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+	table.Columns["seq"] = ident
+
+	return table
+}
+
+func generationTestDB(table *models.Table) *models.Database {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+	return db
+}
+
+func TestGeneratedColumns_MigrationCreateAndAddColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	want := []string{
+		"GENERATED ALWAYS AS (first || ' ' || last) STORED",
+		"GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY",
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		current *models.Database
+	}{
+		{"new table", models.InitDatabase("testdb")},
+		{"new columns on existing table", generationTestDB(generationTestTable(false))},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+			stmts, err := w.diffStatements(generationTestDB(generationTestTable(true)), tt.current)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("diffStatements failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			out := diffJoin(stmts)
+			for _, s := range want {
+				if !strings.Contains(out, s) {
+					t.Errorf("missing %q:\n%s", s, out)
+				}
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(out, "DEFAULT ignored") || strings.Contains(out, "DEFAULT 'ignored'") {
+				t.Errorf("generated column must not carry a DEFAULT:\n%s", out)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeneratedColumns_FullDDL(t *testing.T) {
+	w := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	stmts, err := w.GenerateDatabaseStatements(generationTestDB(generationTestTable(true)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GenerateDatabaseStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	out := diffJoin(stmts)
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"full_name text GENERATED ALWAYS AS (first || ' ' || last) STORED",
+		"seq bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NOT NULL",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, s) {
+			t.Errorf("missing %q:\n%s", s, out)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, "DEFAULT 'ignored'") {
+		t.Errorf("generated column must not carry a DEFAULT:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package pgsql
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -46,10 +48,11 @@ func NewMigrationWriter(options *writers.WriterOptions) (*MigrationWriter, error
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// WriteMigration generates migration scripts using templates
-func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error {
+// GenerateScripts computes the differential migration scripts between current and model,
+// sorted by priority and sequence.
+func (w *MigrationWriter) GenerateScripts(model, current *models.Database) ([]MigrationScript, error) {
 	if model == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("model database is required")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("model database is required")
 	}
 	if w.options == nil {
 		w.options = &writers.WriterOptions{}
@@ -58,26 +61,6 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error
 		current = models.InitDatabase(model.Name)
 	}
 
-	var writer io.Writer
-	var file *os.File
-	var err error
-
-	// Use existing writer if already set (for testing)
-	if w.writer != nil {
-		writer = w.writer
-	} else if w.options.OutputPath != "" {
-		file, err = os.Create(w.options.OutputPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output file: %w", err)
-		}
-		defer file.Close()
-		writer = file
-	} else {
-		writer = os.Stdout
-	}
-
-	w.writer = writer
-
 	// Check if audit is configured in metadata
 	var auditConfig *AuditConfig
 	if w.options.Metadata != nil {
@@ -93,7 +76,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error
 	if auditConfig != nil && len(auditConfig.EnabledTables) > 0 {
 		auditTableScript, err := w.generateAuditTablesScript(auditConfig)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate audit tables: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate audit tables: %w", err)
 		}
 		scripts = append(scripts, auditTableScript...)
 	}
@@ -119,7 +102,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error
 		// Generate schema-level scripts
 		schemaScripts, err := w.generateSchemaScripts(modelSchema, currentSchema)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate schema scripts: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate schema scripts: %w", err)
 		}
 		scripts = append(scripts, schemaScripts...)
 
@@ -127,7 +110,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error
 		if auditConfig != nil {
 			auditScripts, err := w.generateAuditScripts(modelSchema, auditConfig)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate audit scripts: %w", err)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate audit scripts: %w", err)
 			}
 			scripts = append(scripts, auditScripts...)
 		}
@@ -141,6 +124,45 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error
 		return scripts[i].Sequence < scripts[j].Sequence
 	})
 
+	return scripts, nil
+}
+
+// WriteMigration generates migration scripts using templates
+func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model, current *models.Database) error {
+	if model == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("model database is required")
+	}
+	if w.options == nil {
+		w.options = &writers.WriterOptions{}
+	}
+	if current == nil {
+		current = models.InitDatabase(model.Name)
+	}
+
+	scripts, err := w.GenerateScripts(model, current)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var writer io.Writer
+	var file *os.File
+
+	// Use existing writer if already set (for testing)
+	if w.writer != nil {
+		writer = w.writer
+	} else if w.options.OutputPath != "" {
+		file, err = os.Create(w.options.OutputPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output file: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer file.Close()
+		writer = file
+	} else {
+		writer = os.Stdout
+	}
+
+	w.writer = writer
+
 	// Write header
 	fmt.Fprintf(w.writer, "-- PostgreSQL Migration Script\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(w.writer, "-- Generated by RelSpec\n")
@@ -241,10 +263,14 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateDropScripts(model, current *models.Schema) ([]
 		// Check each constraint in current database
 		for _, currentConstraint := range sortConstraints(currentTable.Constraints) {
 			constraintName := currentConstraint.Name
-			modelConstraint, existsInModel := modelTable.Constraints[constraintName]
+			modelConstraint, existsInModel := lookupConstraint(modelTable.Constraints, constraintName)
 
 			shouldDrop := false
-			if !existsInModel {
+			if currentConstraint.Type == models.PrimaryKeyConstraint {
+				// Model primary keys usually live on the columns (not as a named constraint), so
+				// compare by key columns instead of constraint name.
+				shouldDrop = !primaryKeyColumnsMatch(modelTable, currentConstraint)
+			} else if !existsInModel {
 				shouldDrop = true
 			} else if !constraintsEqual(modelConstraint, currentConstraint) {
 				shouldDrop = true
@@ -316,6 +342,12 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateDropScripts(model, current *models.Schema) ([]
 			indexName := currentIndex.Name
 			modelIndex, existsInModel := modelTable.Indexes[indexName]
 
+			// A live database reports the index backing a unique/primary constraint as an
+			// index too; it belongs to the constraint and is handled there.
+			if _, backsConstraint := currentTable.Constraints[indexName]; backsConstraint {
+				continue
+			}
+
 			shouldDrop := false
 			if !existsInModel {
 				shouldDrop = true
@@ -410,6 +442,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateAlterTableScripts(schema *models.Schema, model
 		if !exists {
 			// Column doesn't exist, add it
 			_, defaultVal := formatColumnDefaultSQL(modelCol)
+			generated, identity := columnGenerationClauses(modelCol)
 
 			sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteAddColumn(AddColumnData{
 				SchemaName: schema.Name,
@@ -418,6 +451,8 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateAlterTableScripts(schema *models.Schema, model
 				ColumnType: effectiveColumnSQLType(modelCol),
 				Default:    defaultVal,
 				NotNull:    modelCol.NotNull,
+				Generated:  generated,
+				Identity:   identity,
 			})
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -432,6 +467,16 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateAlterTableScripts(schema *models.Schema, model
 				Body:       sql,
 			}
 			scripts = append(scripts, script)
+		} else if currentCol.Generated || currentCol.Identity {
+			// GENERATED ALWAYS ... STORED columns and GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY
+			// columns are both driven by Postgres-side machinery (an expression, or
+			// a backing sequence + attidentity flag) that DBML cannot express, so
+			// the model side always looks like drift (missing type modifiers, no
+			// default, NOT NULL mismatches, etc). None of their properties are
+			// alterable the normal way (e.g. dropping a generated column's default
+			// requires DROP EXPRESSION, not DROP DEFAULT; identity columns have no
+			// default to alter at all), so these DB-side-only columns are left
+			// untouched rather than diffed.
 		} else if !columnsEqual(modelCol, currentCol) {
 			// Column exists but properties changed
 			if !columnTypesEqual(modelCol, currentCol) {
@@ -460,7 +505,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateAlterTableScripts(schema *models.Schema, model
 			}
 
 			// Check default value changes
-			if !columnDefaultsEqual(modelCol.Default, currentCol.Default) {
+			if !isSerialWithoutDefault(modelCol) && !columnDefaultsEqual(modelCol.Default, currentCol.Default) {
 				setDefault, defaultVal := formatColumnDefaultSQL(modelCol)
 
 				sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteAlterColumnDefaultWithCheck(AlterColumnDefaultWithCheckData{
@@ -737,7 +782,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateForeignKeyScripts(model, current *models.Schem
 			if !shouldCreate {
 				if currentTable == nil {
 					shouldCreate = true
-				} else if currentConstraint, exists := currentTable.Constraints[constraintName]; !exists {
+				} else if currentConstraint, exists := lookupConstraint(currentTable.Constraints, constraintName); !exists {
 					shouldCreate = true
 				} else if !constraintsEqual(constraint, currentConstraint) {
 					shouldCreate = true
@@ -789,12 +834,20 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateForeignKeyScripts(model, current *models.Schem
 // generateCommentScripts generates COMMENT ON scripts using templates
 func (w *MigrationWriter) generateCommentScripts(model, current *models.Schema) ([]MigrationScript, error) {
 	scripts := make([]MigrationScript, 0)
-	_ = current // TODO: Compare with current schema to only add new/changed comments
+
+	currentTables := make(map[string]*models.Table)
+	if current != nil {
+		for _, table := range current.Tables {
+			currentTables[strings.ToLower(table.Name)] = table
+		}
+	}
 
 	// Process each model table
 	for _, modelTable := range model.Tables {
-		// Table comment
-		if modelTable.Description != "" {
+		currentTable := currentTables[strings.ToLower(modelTable.Name)]
+
+		// Table comment (skipped when the live table already carries the same comment)
+		if modelTable.Description != "" && (currentTable == nil || strings.TrimSpace(currentTable.Description) != strings.TrimSpace(modelTable.Description)) {
 			sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteCommentTable(CommentTableData{
 				SchemaName: model.Name,
 				TableName:  modelTable.Name,
@@ -817,7 +870,7 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateCommentScripts(model, current *models.Schema)
 
 		// Column comments
 		for _, col := range sortColumns(modelTable.Columns) {
-			if col.Description != "" {
+			if col.Description != "" && !currentColumnHasDescription(currentTable, col) {
 				sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteCommentColumn(CommentColumnData{
 					SchemaName: model.Name,
 					TableName:  modelTable.Name,
@@ -984,18 +1037,80 @@ func normalizeDefaultForCompare(value interface{}) string {
 		return ""
 	}
 	if s, ok := value.(string); ok {
-		return strings.TrimSpace(stripBackticks(s))
+		return normalizeDefaultLiteral(strings.TrimSpace(stripBackticks(s)))
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)
 }
 
+// normalizeDefaultLiteral removes a trailing ::type cast and the quotes around a plain string
+// literal, so a DBML default ('[]') and the one a live database reports ('[]'::jsonb) compare equal.
+func normalizeDefaultLiteral(s string) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "'") {
+		if end := strings.LastIndex(s, "'"); end > 0 {
+			rest := strings.TrimSpace(s[end+1:])
+			if rest == "" || strings.HasPrefix(rest, "::") {
+				return normalizeJSONLiteral(strings.ReplaceAll(s[1:end], "''", "'"))
+			}
+		}
+		return s
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "(") && strings.Contains(s, ")::") {
+		return normalizeCastExpression(s)
+	}
+	return normalizeJSONLiteral(s)
+}
+
+// normalizeJSONLiteral compacts JSON text, since jsonb reports defaults re-spaced
+// ('["a", "b"]') while the model usually holds them minified.
+func normalizeJSONLiteral(s string) string {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "[") && !strings.HasPrefix(s, "{") {
+		return s
+	}
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := json.Compact(&buf, []byte(s)); err != nil {
+		return s
+	}
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+// normalizeCastExpression strips whitespace and the redundant parentheses PostgreSQL adds
+// around an expression it casts: (gen_random_uuid())::text -> gen_random_uuid()::text.
+func normalizeCastExpression(s string) string {
+	s = strings.Join(strings.Fields(s), "")
+	for strings.HasPrefix(s, "(") {
+		end := strings.LastIndex(s, ")::")
+		if end < 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		inner := s[1:end]
+		depth := 0
+		balanced := true
+		for _, r := range inner {
+			if r == '(' {
+				depth++
+			} else if r == ')' {
+				depth--
+				if depth < 0 {
+					balanced = false
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !balanced || depth != 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		s = inner + s[end+1:]
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
 func columnTypesEqual(col1, col2 *models.Column) bool {
 	if col1 == nil || col2 == nil {
 		return false
 	}
 	return strings.EqualFold(
-		pgsql.NormalizeEquivalentSQLType(effectiveColumnSQLType(col1)),
-		pgsql.NormalizeEquivalentSQLType(effectiveColumnSQLType(col2)),
+		normalizeZeroScale(pgsql.NormalizeEquivalentSQLType(effectiveAlterColumnSQLType(col1))),
+		normalizeZeroScale(pgsql.NormalizeEquivalentSQLType(effectiveAlterColumnSQLType(col2))),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -1031,7 +1146,7 @@ func constraintsEqual(c1, c2 *models.Constraint) bool {
 				return false
 			}
 		}
-		if c1.OnDelete != c2.OnDelete || c1.OnUpdate != c2.OnUpdate {
+		if !fkActionsEqual(c1.OnDelete, c2.OnDelete) || !fkActionsEqual(c1.OnUpdate, c2.OnUpdate) {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
@@ -1047,7 +1162,7 @@ func indexesEqual(idx1, idx2 *models.Index) bool {
 	if idx1.Unique != idx2.Unique {
 		return false
 	}
-	if !strings.EqualFold(idx1.Type, idx2.Type) {
+	if !strings.EqualFold(normalizeIndexMethod(idx1.Type), normalizeIndexMethod(idx2.Type)) {
 		return false
 	}
 	if len(idx1.Columns) != len(idx2.Columns) {
@@ -1067,6 +1182,104 @@ func indexesEqual(idx1, idx2 *models.Index) bool {
 	return indexHintsEqual(indexStorageParameters(idx1.Comment), indexStorageParameters(idx2.Comment))
 }
 
+// normalizeZeroScale turns numeric(p,0) into numeric(p); PostgreSQL treats them as the same type.
+func normalizeZeroScale(sqlType string) string {
+	if i := strings.Index(sqlType, "("); i >= 0 && strings.HasSuffix(sqlType, ",0)") && !strings.Contains(sqlType[i:], "[") {
+		return strings.TrimSuffix(sqlType, ",0)") + ")"
+	}
+	return sqlType
+}
+
+// maxIdentifierBytes is PostgreSQL's identifier length limit; longer names are truncated on creation.
+const maxIdentifierBytes = 63
+
+// pgIdentifier returns name as PostgreSQL stores it (truncated to 63 bytes).
+func pgIdentifier(name string) string {
+	if len(name) > maxIdentifierBytes {
+		return name[:maxIdentifierBytes]
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+// lookupConstraint finds a constraint by name, also matching names that differ only because
+// PostgreSQL truncated an over-long identifier.
+func lookupConstraint(constraints map[string]*models.Constraint, name string) (*models.Constraint, bool) {
+	if c, ok := constraints[name]; ok {
+		return c, true
+	}
+	want := pgIdentifier(name)
+	for n, c := range constraints {
+		if pgIdentifier(n) == want {
+			return c, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// currentColumnHasDescription reports whether the live table's column already carries
+// the model column's comment.
+func currentColumnHasDescription(currentTable *models.Table, col *models.Column) bool {
+	if currentTable == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, cc := range currentTable.Columns {
+		if strings.EqualFold(cc.Name, col.Name) {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(cc.Description) == strings.TrimSpace(col.Description)
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// primaryKeyColumnsMatch reports whether the model table's primary key (an explicit PK
+// constraint or columns flagged IsPrimaryKey) has the same columns, in order, as current.
+func primaryKeyColumnsMatch(modelTable *models.Table, current *models.Constraint) bool {
+	var modelCols []string
+	for _, c := range sortConstraints(modelTable.Constraints) {
+		if c.Type == models.PrimaryKeyConstraint {
+			modelCols = c.Columns
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if modelCols == nil {
+		for _, col := range getSortedColumns(modelTable.Columns) {
+			if col.IsPrimaryKey {
+				modelCols = append(modelCols, col.Name)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(modelCols) != len(current.Columns) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, col := range modelCols {
+		if !strings.EqualFold(col, current.Columns[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// normalizeIndexMethod maps an unspecified index method to PostgreSQL's default (btree),
+// which is what a live database reports for it.
+func normalizeIndexMethod(method string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(method) == "" {
+		return "btree"
+	}
+	return method
+}
+
+// fkActionsEqual compares referential actions case-insensitively, treating an unspecified
+// action as PostgreSQL's default (NO ACTION).
+func fkActionsEqual(a, b string) bool {
+	norm := func(s string) string {
+		s = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(s))
+		if s == "" {
+			return "NO ACTION"
+		}
+		return s
+	}
+	return norm(a) == norm(b)
+}
+
 // indexHintsEqual compares two optional index hints, treating an unspecified hint as a match.
 func indexHintsEqual(hint1, hint2 string) bool {
 	if hint1 == "" || hint2 == "" {

pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer_test.go

@@ -219,6 +219,91 @@ func TestWriteMigration_AltersColumnNullabilityWhenNotNullDiffers(t *testing.T)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriteMigration_DoesNotDropDefaultOnGeneratedColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	currentSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	currentTable := models.InitTable("info_city", "public")
+	currentGeom := models.InitColumn("geom", "info_city", "public")
+	currentGeom.Type = "text"
+	currentGeom.Generated = true
+	currentGeom.GenerationExpression = "st_makepoint(lon, lat)"
+	currentTable.Columns["geom"] = currentGeom
+	currentSchema.Tables = append(currentSchema.Tables, currentTable)
+	current.Schemas = append(current.Schemas, currentSchema)
+
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	modelSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	modelTable := models.InitTable("info_city", "public")
+	modelGeom := models.InitColumn("geom", "info_city", "public")
+	modelGeom.Type = "text"
+	// DBML cannot express GENERATED ALWAYS columns, so the model declares
+	// this as a plain column with no default — it must not be treated as a
+	// default-value drift against the DB-side generated column.
+	modelTable.Columns["geom"] = modelGeom
+	modelSchema.Tables = append(modelSchema.Tables, modelTable)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, modelSchema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteMigration(model, current); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMigration failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	if strings.Contains(output, "DROP DEFAULT") {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect DROP DEFAULT against a generated column, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteMigration_DoesNotAlterIdentityColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	currentSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	currentTable := models.InitTable("users", "public")
+	currentID := models.InitColumn("id", "users", "public")
+	currentID.Type = "bigint"
+	currentID.NotNull = true
+	currentID.Identity = true
+	currentID.IdentityGeneration = "ALWAYS"
+	currentTable.Columns["id"] = currentID
+	currentSchema.Tables = append(currentSchema.Tables, currentTable)
+	current.Schemas = append(current.Schemas, currentSchema)
+
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	modelSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	modelTable := models.InitTable("users", "public")
+	modelID := models.InitColumn("id", "users", "public")
+	modelID.Type = "bigint"
+	// DBML cannot express GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY, so the model declares this
+	// as a plain nullable column — it must not be diffed as NOT NULL drift
+	// against the DB-side identity column (Postgres rejects DROP NOT NULL on
+	// an identity column).
+	modelID.NotNull = false
+	modelTable.Columns["id"] = modelID
+	modelSchema.Tables = append(modelSchema.Tables, modelTable)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, modelSchema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteMigration(model, current); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMigration failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	if strings.Contains(output, "DROP NOT NULL") {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect DROP NOT NULL against an identity column, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWriteMigration_UsesStorageTypeForSerialAlterStatements(t *testing.T) {
 	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
 	currentSchema := models.InitSchema("public")