feat(job): declarative YAML job files for named relspec workflows

Add `relspec job list` and `relspec job run <name>` driven by YAML job
manifests (relspec.yml / relspec.<name>.yml), so multi-file merge and
conversion workflows can be expressed declaratively instead of as long
shell command lines.

v1 contract (see docs/JOB_FILES.md):
- `command` is a closed allow-list (convert, merge, scripts-list); no
  field accepts a shell string or executable path.
- Deterministic discovery: default file first, then named files sorted
  lexically; all files merged into one namespace; duplicate job names
  across files are a hard error.
- Every path resolves relative to the job file's directory; absolute,
  home-relative and directory-escaping paths are rejected at validation.
- Database credentials referenced by env-var name via `conn_env:`;
  connection strings are never stored and are redacted from logs/plan.
- Full validation (version, unknown fields, command/format, per-command
  input/output shape, path traversal, depends_on targets, dependency
  cycles) runs before anything is read, written or executed; per-job
  pre-flight then checks input existence, script dirs, env vars and the
  output overwrite policy for the whole plan.
- `depends_on` closure runs in deterministic topological order;
  `--no-deps` runs only the named job.
- `--dry-run` (alias `--plan`) prints the resolved plan and exits 0
  without touching inputs, outputs or databases.
- A failing job propagates the underlying non-zero exit status, logs
  FAILED (never OK), and writes no success marker.

pkg/jobs is side-effect free (discovery/parse/validate/plan only);
execution adapters live in cmd/relspec/job.go. Includes unit tests for
discovery, validation, planning and path safety, plus CLI tests for
end-to-end convert/merge, scripts-list across multiple directories,
dry-run, dependency chains, exit-code propagation and log redaction.

Deferred: live `scripts execute` from jobs, split/inspect/diff/templ
commands, job-to-job output wiring, log rotation/retention.

Refs #20

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@ jobs:
             PKGDIR="relspec_${PKGVER}_${GOARCH}"
             mkdir -p "${PKGDIR}/DEBIAN"
             mkdir -p "${PKGDIR}/usr/bin"
+            chmod -R 0755 "${PKGDIR}"
 
             install -m755 relspec "${PKGDIR}/usr/bin/relspec"
 

README.md

@@ -106,6 +106,49 @@ Modes: `database` (default) · `schema` · `table` · `script`
 
 Template functions: string utils (`toCamelCase`, `toSnakeCase`, `pluralize`, …), type converters (`sqlToGo`, `sqlToTypeScript`, …), filters, loop helpers, safe access.
 
+### `job` — Declarative job files
+
+Run named jobs from a `relspec.yml` manifest instead of repeating long command lines.
+
+```bash
+# List jobs discovered in ./relspec.yml and ./relspec.<name>.yml (deterministic)
+relspec job list
+
+# Validate and print the plan without running anything
+relspec job run build-schema --plan
+
+# Run a job (and its declared dependencies)
+relspec job run build-schema
+```
+
+```yaml
+# relspec.yml
+version: 1
+jobs:
+  build-schema:
+    command: convert            # closed allow-list: convert | merge | scripts-list
+    description: Merge the DBML sources and emit PostgreSQL DDL
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: pgsql
+      path: build/schema.sql
+      overwrite: true
+    options:
+      flatten_schema: false
+    logfile: .relspec/log/build-schema.log
+```
+
+The job system is **not** a shell: `command` is a fixed enum, every path is
+resolved relative to the job file and may not escape it, and remote database
+credentials are referenced by environment-variable name (`conn_env:`) and
+redacted from logs. The whole plan — unknown commands/formats, duplicate job
+names, missing inputs, path traversal, dependency cycles — is validated before
+any job runs. See [docs/JOB_FILES.md](docs/JOB_FILES.md).
+
 ### `edit` — Interactive TUI editor
 
 ```bash

cmd/relspec/job.go

@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/jobs"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/merge"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/readers/sqldir"
+	wpgsql "git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers/pgsql"
+)
+
+var (
+	jobDir    string
+	jobFiles  []string
+	jobDryRun bool
+	jobNoDeps bool
+)
+
+var jobCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "job",
+	Short: "Run declarative RelSpec jobs from job files",
+	Long: `Run named jobs declared in job files instead of repeating command-line arguments.
+
+A job file is a YAML manifest (relspec.yml, or relspec.<name>.yml for extra
+files) describing one or more jobs. Each job names a RelSpec command plus its
+inputs, output and options:
+
+  version: 1
+  jobs:
+    build-schema:
+      command: convert
+      description: Merge the DBML sources and emit PostgreSQL DDL
+      inputs:
+        - path: schema/core.dbml
+          format: dbml
+        - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+          format: dbml
+      output:
+        format: pgsql
+        path: build/schema.sql
+        overwrite: true
+      options:
+        flatten_schema: false
+      logfile: .relspec/log/build-schema.log
+
+Rules and guarantees:
+  - command is a closed allow-list (convert, merge, scripts-list). Arbitrary
+    shell strings are never executed.
+  - Every path is relative to the directory holding the job file and may not
+    escape it. Absolute and home-relative paths are rejected.
+  - Remote database credentials are referenced by environment-variable name
+    via conn_env; connection strings are never stored in the manifest and are
+    redacted from logs and diagnostics.
+  - Discovery and listing are deterministic.
+  - The whole plan is validated - unknown commands/formats, duplicate job
+    names, missing inputs, path traversal, dependency cycles - before any job
+    runs. Nothing is read, written or executed when validation fails.
+  - A failed job propagates the underlying non-zero exit status and writes no
+    success marker.`,
+}
+
+var jobListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "list",
+	Short: "List jobs discovered in job files (deterministic order)",
+	RunE:  runJobList,
+}
+
+var jobRunCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "run <job-name>",
+	Short: "Run a named job (and its dependencies) from a job file",
+	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE:  runJobRun,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	for _, c := range []*cobra.Command{jobListCmd, jobRunCmd} {
+		c.Flags().StringVar(&jobDir, "dir", ".", "Directory to discover job files in")
+		c.Flags().StringSliceVar(&jobFiles, "file", nil, "Explicit job file(s) to load (repeatable); disables discovery")
+	}
+	jobRunCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&jobDryRun, "dry-run", false, "Validate and print the execution plan without running anything")
+	jobRunCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&jobDryRun, "plan", false, "Alias for --dry-run")
+	jobRunCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&jobNoDeps, "no-deps", false, "Run only the named job, skipping its declared dependencies")
+
+	jobCmd.AddCommand(jobListCmd)
+	jobCmd.AddCommand(jobRunCmd)
+}
+
+// loadJobSet discovers or loads the requested job files and runs full
+// validation. The returned Set is safe to plan and execute.
+func loadJobSet() (*jobs.Set, error) {
+	paths := jobFiles
+	if len(paths) == 0 {
+		discovered, err := jobs.Discover(jobDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		paths = discovered
+	} else {
+		for i, p := range paths {
+			if _, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("job file %q: %w", p, err)
+			}
+			paths[i] = p
+		}
+	}
+	set, err := jobs.Load(paths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := set.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return set, nil
+}
+
+func runJobList(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	set, err := loadJobSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n=== RelSpec Jobs ===\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Job files:\n")
+	for _, f := range set.Files {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  - %s\n", f)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+
+	names := set.Names()
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(out, "(no jobs defined)")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	nameW, cmdW, srcW := len("NAME"), len("COMMAND"), len("SOURCE")
+	for _, n := range names {
+		j := set.Jobs[n]
+		nameW = maxInt(nameW, len(n))
+		cmdW = maxInt(cmdW, len(j.Command))
+		srcW = maxInt(srcW, len(j.SourceFile))
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "%-*s  %-*s  %-*s  %s\n", nameW, "NAME", cmdW, "COMMAND", srcW, "SOURCE", "DESCRIPTION")
+	for _, n := range names {
+		j := set.Jobs[n]
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%-*s  %-*s  %-*s  %s\n", nameW, n, cmdW, j.Command, srcW, j.SourceFile, j.Description)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runJobRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	set, err := loadJobSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return executeJobPlan(set, args[0], jobDryRun, jobNoDeps, cmd.OutOrStdout())
+}
+
+// executeJobPlan resolves the plan for name, runs pre-flight checks over
+// EVERY job in the plan, and only then executes. When dryRun is set it prints
+// the plan and returns without touching any input, output or database.
+func executeJobPlan(set *jobs.Set, name string, dryRun, noDeps bool, out io.Writer) error {
+	plan, err := set.Plan(name, !noDeps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Pre-flight: resolve and check paths, output policy and env vars for the
+	// whole plan before anything runs. A failure here means no job executes.
+	resolved := make([]*resolvedJob, len(plan))
+	for i, j := range plan {
+		rj, perr := preflightJob(j)
+		if perr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("job %q: %w", j.Name, perr)
+		}
+		resolved[i] = rj
+	}
+
+	if dryRun {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "RelSpec job plan for %q (dry run - nothing executed):\n\n", name)
+		for i, rj := range resolved {
+			printResolvedJob(out, i+1, len(resolved), rj)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for _, rj := range resolved {
+		if err := executeResolvedJob(rj); err != nil {
+			// Propagate the underlying failure; no success marker is written.
+			return fmt.Errorf("job %q failed: %w", rj.job.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n=== Job %q complete ===\n", name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// resolvedJob is a job with every manifest path turned into a checked
+// absolute filesystem path and every conn_env resolved to its value.
+type resolvedJob struct {
+	job           *jobs.Job
+	root          string
+	inputs        []resolvedInput
+	scriptDirs    []string
+	outputPath    string // "" when the output is a database
+	outputConn    string // resolved connection string (secret)
+	outputConnEnv string
+	logPath       string
+	secrets       []string // resolved secret values to redact from logs
+}
+
+type resolvedInput struct {
+	format  string
+	path    string // "" when the input is a database
+	conn    string // resolved connection string (secret)
+	connEnv string
+}
+
+func preflightJob(j *jobs.Job) (*resolvedJob, error) {
+	root := j.Dir()
+	rj := &resolvedJob{job: j, root: root}
+
+	if j.Logfile != "" {
+		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Logfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("logfile: %w", err)
+		}
+		rj.logPath = p
+	}
+
+	for i, in := range j.Inputs {
+		ri := resolvedInput{format: strings.ToLower(in.Format)}
+		if in.ConnEnv != "" {
+			v, ok := os.LookupEnv(in.ConnEnv)
+			if !ok || v == "" {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: environment variable %q (conn_env) is not set", i, in.ConnEnv)
+			}
+			ri.conn = v
+			ri.connEnv = in.ConnEnv
+			rj.secrets = append(rj.secrets, v)
+		} else {
+			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, in.Path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %w", i, err)
+			}
+			info, err := os.Stat(p)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %s: file not found", i, in.Path)
+			}
+			if info.IsDir() {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %s: is a directory, not a file", i, in.Path)
+			}
+			ri.path = p
+		}
+		rj.inputs = append(rj.inputs, ri)
+	}
+
+	for _, d := range j.ScriptDirs {
+		p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, d)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: %w", d, err)
+		}
+		info, err := os.Stat(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: not found", d)
+		}
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script_dir %q: not a directory", d)
+		}
+		rj.scriptDirs = append(rj.scriptDirs, p)
+	}
+
+	if j.Output != nil {
+		if j.Output.ConnEnv != "" {
+			v, ok := os.LookupEnv(j.Output.ConnEnv)
+			if !ok || v == "" {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("output: environment variable %q (conn_env) is not set", j.Output.ConnEnv)
+			}
+			rj.outputConn = v
+			rj.outputConnEnv = j.Output.ConnEnv
+			rj.secrets = append(rj.secrets, v)
+		} else {
+			p, err := jobs.SafeJoin(root, j.Output.Path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("output: %w", err)
+			}
+			if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil && !j.Output.Overwrite {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("output %s already exists (set output.overwrite: true to replace it)", j.Output.Path)
+			}
+			rj.outputPath = p
+		}
+	}
+	return rj, nil
+}
+
+func printResolvedJob(out io.Writer, n, total int, rj *resolvedJob) {
+	j := rj.job
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "[%d/%d] %s\n", n, total, j.Name)
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "      command: %s\n", j.Command)
+	if j.Description != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "      description: %s\n", j.Description)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(out, "      job file: %s\n", j.SourceFile)
+	for _, ri := range rj.inputs {
+		if ri.path != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "      input: %s (%s)\n", ri.path, ri.format)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, "      input: env:%s (%s)\n", ri.connEnv, ri.format)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, d := range rj.scriptDirs {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "      script dir: %s\n", d)
+	}
+	if rj.outputPath != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "      output: %s (%s)\n", rj.outputPath, j.Output.Format)
+	} else if rj.outputConnEnv != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "      output: env:%s (%s)\n", rj.outputConnEnv, j.Output.Format)
+	}
+	if rj.logPath != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "      logfile: %s\n", rj.logPath)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(out)
+}
+
+// executeResolvedJob runs a single already-validated job.
+func executeResolvedJob(rj *resolvedJob) (err error) {
+	lg, closeLog, lerr := newJobLogger(rj.logPath, rj.secrets)
+	if lerr != nil {
+		return lerr
+	}
+	defer func() { closeLog(err) }()
+
+	lg.logf("=== job %q (%s) started at %s ===", rj.job.Name, rj.job.Command, time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339))
+
+	switch rj.job.Command {
+	case jobs.CommandConvert:
+		err = runConvertJob(rj, lg)
+	case jobs.CommandMerge:
+		err = runMergeJob(rj, lg)
+	case jobs.CommandScriptsList:
+		err = runScriptsListJob(rj, lg)
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unsupported command %q", rj.job.Command)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		lg.logf("FAILED: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		lg.logf("OK")
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func runConvertJob(rj *resolvedJob, lg *jobLogger) error {
+	db, err := readJobInputs(rj, lg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeJobOutput(rj, db, lg)
+}
+
+func runMergeJob(rj *resolvedJob, lg *jobLogger) error {
+	opts := &merge.MergeOptions{
+		SkipDomains:   rj.job.Options.SkipDomains,
+		SkipRelations: rj.job.Options.SkipRelations,
+		SkipEnums:     rj.job.Options.SkipEnums,
+		SkipViews:     rj.job.Options.SkipViews,
+		SkipSequences: rj.job.Options.SkipSequences,
+	}
+	var base *models.Database
+	for i, ri := range rj.inputs {
+		db, err := readOneJobInput(ri)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %w", i, err)
+		}
+		if base == nil {
+			base = db
+			lg.logf("merge target: %s", inputLabel(ri))
+			continue
+		}
+		lg.logf("merging: %s", inputLabel(ri))
+		merge.MergeDatabases(base, db, opts)
+	}
+	base.UpdateDate()
+	return writeJobOutput(rj, base, lg)
+}
+
+func runScriptsListJob(rj *resolvedJob, lg *jobLogger) error {
+	type row struct {
+		priority int
+		sequence uint
+		name     string
+		dir      string
+		lines    int
+	}
+	var rows []row
+	for _, dir := range rj.scriptDirs {
+		reader := sqldir.NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{
+			FilePath: dir,
+			Metadata: map[string]any{
+				"schema_name":   valueOr(rj.job.Options.Schema, "public"),
+				"database_name": "database",
+			},
+		})
+		db, err := reader.ReadDatabase()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", dir, err)
+		}
+		if len(db.Schemas) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, s := range db.Schemas[0].Scripts {
+			lines := strings.Count(s.SQL, "\n")
+			if len(s.SQL) > 0 && !strings.HasSuffix(s.SQL, "\n") {
+				lines++
+			}
+			rows = append(rows, row{s.Priority, s.Sequence, s.Name, dir, lines})
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(rows, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if rows[i].priority != rows[j].priority {
+			return rows[i].priority < rows[j].priority
+		}
+		if rows[i].sequence != rows[j].sequence {
+			return rows[i].sequence < rows[j].sequence
+		}
+		if rows[i].name != rows[j].name {
+			return rows[i].name < rows[j].name
+		}
+		return rows[i].dir < rows[j].dir
+	})
+	lg.logf("found %d script(s) across %d director(y/ies):", len(rows), len(rj.scriptDirs))
+	lg.logf("%-4s %-9s %-9s %-30s %-6s %s", "No.", "Priority", "Sequence", "Name", "Lines", "Directory")
+	for i, r := range rows {
+		lg.logf("%-4d %-9d %-9d %-30s %-6d %s", i+1, r.priority, r.sequence, r.name, r.lines, r.dir)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readJobInputs reads every input and additively merges them into one model.
+func readJobInputs(rj *resolvedJob, lg *jobLogger) (*models.Database, error) {
+	var base *models.Database
+	for i, ri := range rj.inputs {
+		db, err := readOneJobInput(ri)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("input[%d]: %w", i, err)
+		}
+		lg.logf("read input: %s", inputLabel(ri))
+		if base == nil {
+			base = db
+		} else {
+			merge.MergeDatabases(base, db, &merge.MergeOptions{})
+		}
+	}
+	if base == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no inputs produced a database")
+	}
+	return base, nil
+}
+
+func readOneJobInput(ri resolvedInput) (*models.Database, error) {
+	if ri.conn != "" {
+		return readDatabaseForConvert(ri.format, "", ri.conn)
+	}
+	return readDatabaseForConvert(ri.format, ri.path, "")
+}
+
+func inputLabel(ri resolvedInput) string {
+	if ri.path != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", ri.path, ri.format)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("env:%s (%s)", ri.connEnv, ri.format)
+}
+
+// writeJobOutput writes db to the job's output target (file or database).
+func writeJobOutput(rj *resolvedJob, db *models.Database, lg *jobLogger) error {
+	o := rj.job.Options
+	format := strings.ToLower(rj.job.Output.Format)
+
+	if rj.outputConn != "" {
+		if format != "pgsql" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("database output is only supported for pgsql (got %q)", rj.job.Output.Format)
+		}
+		lg.logf("writing output to database env:%s", rj.outputConnEnv)
+		writerOpts := newWriterOptions("", o.Package, o.FlattenSchema, "", "", o.ContinueOnError)
+		writerOpts.Metadata = map[string]interface{}{"connection_string": rj.outputConn}
+		return wpgsql.NewWriter(writerOpts).WriteDatabase(db)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(rj.outputPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	lg.logf("writing output: %s (%s)", rj.outputPath, format)
+	return writeDatabase(db, format, rj.outputPath, o.Package, o.Schema, o.FlattenSchema, "", "", o.ContinueOnError, "")
+}
+
+// --- logging + redaction ---------------------------------------------------
+
+type jobLogger struct {
+	file    io.Writer
+	secrets []string
+}
+
+// newJobLogger returns a logger that mirrors to stderr and, when path is set,
+// to a job logfile. Connection strings and known secret values are redacted
+// from everything it writes.
+func newJobLogger(path string, secrets []string) (*jobLogger, func(err error), error) {
+	lg := &jobLogger{secrets: secrets}
+	if path == "" {
+		return lg, func(error) {}, nil
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create log directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0o644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open logfile %q: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	lg.file = f
+	return lg, func(runErr error) {
+		if runErr != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s job ended with error\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339))
+		}
+		_ = f.Close()
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (l *jobLogger) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	line := l.redact(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "      %s\n", line)
+	if l.file != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(l.file, "%s %s\n", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339), line)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *jobLogger) redact(s string) string {
+	for _, sec := range l.secrets {
+		if sec != "" {
+			s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, sec, "***")
+		}
+	}
+	return maskPassword(s)
+}
+
+// --- small helpers -------------------------------------------------------
+
+func maxInt(a, b int) int {
+	if a > b {
+		return a
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func valueOr(v, def string) string {
+	if v == "" {
+		return def
+	}
+	return v
+}

cmd/relspec/job_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/jobs"
+)
+
+func writeFile(t *testing.T, path, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// jobFixture creates a job-file project with two DBML sources and returns the
+// project directory.
+func jobFixture(t *testing.T, manifest string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "schema", "core.dbml"), "Table users {\n  id int [pk]\n  name varchar\n}\n")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "schema", "tenant.dbml"), "Table posts {\n  id int [pk]\n  title varchar\n}\n")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"), manifest)
+	return dir
+}
+
+func mustLoadSet(t *testing.T, files ...string) *jobs.Set {
+	t.Helper()
+	set, err := jobs.Load(files)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := set.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("validate: %v", err)
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+const convertMergeManifest = `version: 1
+jobs:
+  build-schema:
+    command: convert
+    description: Merge DBML sources to PostgreSQL DDL
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: pgsql
+      path: build/schema.sql
+      overwrite: true
+    logfile: .relspec/log/build.log
+`
+
+func TestJobRun_ConvertMultiFileMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := jobFixture(t, convertMergeManifest)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	if err := executeJobPlan(set, "build-schema", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("executeJobPlan: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	out, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "build", "schema.sql"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	sql := string(out)
+	if !strings.Contains(sql, "users") || !strings.Contains(sql, "posts") {
+		t.Fatalf("merged output missing tables:\n%s", sql)
+	}
+
+	logData, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec", "log", "build.log"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected logfile: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(logData), "OK") {
+		t.Fatalf("logfile missing success marker:\n%s", logData)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_DryRunDoesNotExecute(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := jobFixture(t, convertMergeManifest)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := executeJobPlan(set, "build-schema", true, false, &buf); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dry run error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "dry run") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected dry-run banner, got: %s", buf.String())
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "build", "schema.sql")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("dry run must not create the output file")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec", "log", "build.log")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("dry run must not create the logfile")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_ValidationFailureNoExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	badManifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  evil:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - path: ../../../etc/passwd
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/out.json
+    logfile: .relspec/evil.log
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, badManifest)
+	if _, err := jobs.Load([]string{filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")}); err != nil {
+		// structural load ok; validation should reject
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected load error: %v", err)
+	}
+	set, _ := jobs.Load([]string{filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")})
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected validation failure for path traversal")
+	}
+	// Nothing should have been produced.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "build")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("validation failure must not create output dir")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("validation failure must not create logfile dir")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_MissingInputNoExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  x:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/does-not-exist.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/out.json
+    logfile: .relspec/x.log
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, manifest)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	err := executeJobPlan(set, "x", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing-input error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "build")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("missing input must not create output dir")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("missing input must not create logfile")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_MissingConnEnvNoExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  remote:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - format: pgsql
+        conn_env: RELSPEC_TEST_MISSING_CONN
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/out.json
+    logfile: .relspec/remote.log
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, manifest)
+	os.Unsetenv("RELSPEC_TEST_MISSING_CONN")
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	err := executeJobPlan(set, "remote", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "conn_env") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing conn_env error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("missing conn_env must not create logfile")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_ExitCodePropagation(t *testing.T) {
+	// gorm output without options.package makes the underlying writer fail.
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  fail:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: gorm
+      path: build/models
+      overwrite: true
+    logfile: .relspec/fail.log
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, manifest)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	err := executeJobPlan(set, "fail", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected underlying failure to propagate")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "job \"fail\" failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("error should identify the failing job: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Logfile records the failure and no misleading success marker.
+	logData, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec", "fail.log"))
+	if strings.Contains(string(logData), "\nOK\n") || strings.HasSuffix(strings.TrimSpace(string(logData)), "OK") {
+		t.Fatalf("failed job must not log OK:\n%s", logData)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(logData), "FAILED") {
+		t.Fatalf("failed job should log FAILED:\n%s", logData)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_DependencyChainExecutes(t *testing.T) {
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  a:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/a.json
+      overwrite: true
+  b:
+    command: convert
+    depends_on: [a]
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/b.json
+      overwrite: true
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, manifest)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	if err := executeJobPlan(set, "b", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("executeJobPlan: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, f := range []string{"a.json", "b.json"} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "build", f)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s to be produced: %v", f, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_ScriptsListMultipleDirs(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "migrations", "core", "1_001_create_users.sql"), "CREATE TABLE users();\n")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "migrations", "tenant", "1_002_create_posts.sql"), "CREATE TABLE posts();\n")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "migrations", "tenant", "2_001_add_index.sql"), "CREATE INDEX x ON posts(id);\n")
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  list-all:
+    command: scripts-list
+    script_dirs:
+      - migrations/core
+      - migrations/tenant
+    logfile: .relspec/scripts.log
+`
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"), manifest)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	if err := executeJobPlan(set, "list-all", false, false, &bytes.Buffer{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("executeJobPlan: %v", err)
+	}
+	logData, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, ".relspec", "scripts.log"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s := string(logData)
+	iUsers := strings.Index(s, "create_users")
+	iPosts := strings.Index(s, "create_posts")
+	iIndex := strings.Index(s, "add_index")
+	if iUsers < 0 || iPosts < 0 || iIndex < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected all scripts listed:\n%s", s)
+	}
+	if !(iUsers < iPosts && iPosts < iIndex) {
+		t.Fatalf("scripts not in priority/sequence order:\n%s", s)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(s, "found 3 script(s) across 2") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected multi-directory summary:\n%s", s)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobRun_ConnEnvRedactedInPlan(t *testing.T) {
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  remote:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - format: pgsql
+        conn_env: RELSPEC_TEST_PLAN_CONN
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/out.json
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, manifest)
+	secret := "postgres://user:supersecret@db.example/app"
+	t.Setenv("RELSPEC_TEST_PLAN_CONN", secret)
+	set := mustLoadSet(t, filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml"))
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := executeJobPlan(set, "remote", true, false, &buf); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dry run: %v", err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(buf.String(), "supersecret") || strings.Contains(buf.String(), secret) {
+		t.Fatalf("plan leaked secret:\n%s", buf.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "env:RELSPEC_TEST_PLAN_CONN") {
+		t.Fatalf("plan should reference the env var name:\n%s", buf.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobLogger_Redaction(t *testing.T) {
+	lg := &jobLogger{secrets: []string{"topsecret"}}
+	got := lg.redact("connecting with password topsecret and postgres://u:p@h/db")
+	if strings.Contains(got, "topsecret") {
+		t.Fatalf("secret not redacted: %q", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "***") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected redaction marker: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJobList_DeterministicOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	manifest := `version: 1
+jobs:
+  zebra:
+    command: convert
+    inputs: [{path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml}]
+    output: {format: json, path: build/z.json}
+  alpha:
+    command: convert
+    inputs: [{path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml}]
+    output: {format: json, path: build/a.json}
+`
+	dir := jobFixture(t, manifest)
+
+	run := func() string {
+		jobDir = dir
+		jobFiles = nil
+		cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		cmd.SetOut(&buf)
+		if err := runJobList(cmd, nil); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("runJobList: %v", err)
+		}
+		return buf.String()
+	}
+	first := run()
+	if strings.Index(first, "alpha") > strings.Index(first, "zebra") {
+		t.Fatalf("jobs not sorted:\n%s", first)
+	}
+	if first != run() {
+		t.Fatal("job list output not deterministic")
+	}
+}

cmd/relspec/main.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func main() {
+	printVersionHeader(os.Args[1:])
 	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
 		os.Exit(1)

cmd/relspec/root.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ var (
 	version   = "dev"
 	buildDate = "unknown"
 	prisma7   bool
+	noVersion bool
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -54,9 +55,6 @@ bidirectional conversion between various database schema formats.
 It reads database schemas from multiple sources (live databases, DBML,
 DCTX, DrawDB, etc.) and writes them to various formats (GORM, Bun,
 JSON, YAML, SQL, etc.).`,
-	PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		fmt.Printf("RelSpec %s (built: %s)\n\n", version, buildDate)
-	},
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -64,6 +62,7 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(diffCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(inspectCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(scriptsCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(jobCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(assetsCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(templCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(editCmd)
@@ -72,4 +71,22 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(reportCmd)
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&prisma7, "prisma7", false, "Use Prisma 7 generator conventions when reading/writing Prisma schemas")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&noVersion, "no-version", false, "Suppress the RelSpec version header")
+}
+
+// printVersionHeader prints the "RelSpec <version> (built: <date>)" banner
+// that precedes all command output. It is invoked from main() before cobra
+// parses/executes anything, so it runs even for --help and bare invocations.
+// It is skipped when --no-version is present, or when the version subcommand
+// is being run (which prints its own, more detailed output).
+func printVersionHeader(args []string) {
+	for _, a := range args {
+		if a == "--no-version" {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	if len(args) > 0 && args[0] == "version" {
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("RelSpec %s (built: %s)\n\n", version, buildDate)
 }

docs/JOB_FILES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# RelSpec Job Files
+
+Job files let you declare named, repeatable RelSpec workflows in YAML and run
+them with `relspec job run <name>` instead of retyping long command lines.
+
+```bash
+relspec job list                     # deterministic list of discovered jobs
+relspec job run build-schema --plan  # validate + print plan, execute nothing
+relspec job run build-schema         # run the job (and its dependencies)
+```
+
+## Design contract (first release)
+
+This is the smallest coherent contract that is safe and useful end to end.
+Anything not listed under "Supported" is intentionally deferred.
+
+### Not a shell
+
+`command` is a **closed allow-list**. There is no field anywhere that accepts a
+shell string, an executable path, or arbitrary arguments. Adding a new command
+means adding a vetted adapter in the RelSpec source.
+
+| command        | what it does                                                        |
+|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `convert`      | read one or more input schemas, additively merge them, write one output |
+| `merge`        | like `convert` but requires ≥2 inputs and exposes `skip_*` merge options |
+| `scripts-list` | deterministically list SQL scripts across one or more directories   |
+
+Deferred (documented, not implemented here): `scripts` execution against a live
+database, `split`, `inspect`, `diff`, `templ`, job-to-job output wiring,
+log rotation/retention. Live SQL execution already exists as
+`relspec scripts execute`; wiring it into the job runner is a follow-up because
+it needs live database credentials and cannot be covered by offline tests.
+
+### Discovery and precedence
+
+`relspec job` (no `--file`) scans `--dir` (default `.`) for:
+
+1. `relspec.yml` / `relspec.yaml` (the default file), then
+2. `relspec.<name>.yml` / `relspec.<name>.yaml` (extra files),
+
+each group sorted lexically. Order is stable across runs. Use `--file <path>`
+(repeatable) to load explicit files and skip discovery.
+
+All discovered/selected files are merged into one job namespace. A job name
+defined by **more than one file is a hard error** naming both files. YAML maps
+already forbid duplicate keys within a single file.
+
+### Paths
+
+* Every path (`inputs[].path`, `output.path`, `script_dirs[]`, `logfile`) is
+  **relative to the directory containing the job file that declared the job**,
+  not the process working directory.
+* Absolute paths, `~`-relative paths and any path that resolves outside the job
+  file directory (`../`, `a/../../b`, …) are **rejected during validation** —
+  before anything runs.
+
+### Credentials
+
+* Database inputs (`format: pgsql` / `mssql`) and database execution outputs
+  (`format: pgsql` with `conn_env`) reference an **environment variable name**
+  via `conn_env:`. The connection string itself is never stored in the
+  manifest.
+* A `conn_env` value that looks like a connection string (contains `:`, `/`,
+  `@`, `=`, spaces) is rejected.
+* Missing/empty environment variables are reported during pre-flight, before
+  execution.
+* Job logs and `--plan` output show `env:<NAME>`, never the value. Resolved
+  secret values and anything matching a connection-string password are
+  redacted (`***`) from the logfile and diagnostics.
+
+### Validation happens before execution
+
+`relspec job list` and `relspec job run` both fully validate the selected set
+first. Nothing is read, written, connected to, or executed if validation fails.
+Checks include:
+
+* schema `version` (must be `1`), unknown YAML fields rejected
+* duplicate job names across files
+* unknown / missing `command`
+* per-command input/output shape (`convert`/`merge` need inputs + output;
+  `scripts-list` needs `script_dirs` and forbids inputs/output)
+* unknown input/output `format`
+* path traversal / absolute / home-relative paths
+* `depends_on` targets exist
+* dependency cycles (reported as `a -> b -> c -> a`)
+
+Then, immediately before running, per-job pre-flight resolves paths and checks:
+
+* every input file exists and is a file
+* every `script_dir` exists and is a directory
+* every `conn_env` variable is set
+* `output.path` does not already exist unless `output.overwrite: true`
+
+If any pre-flight check fails for **any** job in the plan, **no** job runs.
+
+### Execution and exit codes
+
+* `relspec job run <name>` runs the job's `depends_on` closure first, in
+  topological order (deterministic), then the job. `--no-deps` runs only the
+  named job.
+* `--dry-run` (alias `--plan`) prints the resolved plan and exits 0 without
+  touching inputs, outputs or databases.
+* A failing job returns the underlying non-zero status (the process exits 1)
+  and the error names the job. The logfile records `FAILED: <error>`; a
+  successful job records `OK`. No separate success-marker file is written, so a
+  failure can never leave a stale "success".
+
+## Schema reference
+
+```yaml
+version: 1                       # required, must be 1
+jobs:
+  <job-name>:
+    command: convert | merge | scripts-list   # required
+    description: "free text"                   # optional, shown by `job list`
+    depends_on: [other-job, ...]               # optional
+    inputs:                                    # convert (≥1) / merge (≥2)
+      - path: relative/file.dbml               # file inputs
+        format: dbml
+      - format: pgsql                          # live-connection inputs
+        conn_env: SOURCE_DB_URL                # env var NAME
+    script_dirs:                               # scripts-list (≥1)
+      - migrations/core
+      - migrations/tenant
+    output:                                    # convert / merge (required)
+      format: pgsql
+      path: build/schema.sql                   # file output, OR:
+      conn_env: TARGET_DB_URL                  # execute against DB (pgsql only)
+      overwrite: false                         # default false
+    options:
+      flatten_schema: false
+      schema: public
+      package: models                          # for gorm/bun output
+      continue_on_error: false                 # pgsql output
+      skip_relations: false                    # merge only
+      skip_enums: false
+      skip_views: false
+      skip_domains: false
+      skip_sequences: false
+    logfile: .relspec/log/<job-name>.log       # optional; appended to
+```
+
+### Supported input formats
+
+`dbml`, `dctx`, `drawdb`, `graphql`, `json`, `yaml`, `gorm`, `bun`, `drizzle`,
+`prisma`, `typeorm`, `sqlite` (file, via `path`); `pgsql`, `mssql`
+(live, via `conn_env`).
+
+### Supported output formats
+
+`dbml`, `dctx`, `drawdb`, `graphql`, `json`, `yaml`, `gorm`, `bun`, `drizzle`,
+`prisma`, `typeorm`, `pgsql`, `mssql`, `sqlite` (file, via `path`); `pgsql` also
+supports `conn_env` to execute the generated DDL against a live database.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Merge many schema files, emit PostgreSQL DDL
+
+```yaml
+version: 1
+jobs:
+  build-schema:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - { path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml }
+      - { path: schema/billing.dbml, format: dbml }
+      - { path: schema/tenant.dbml, format: dbml }
+    output:
+      format: pgsql
+      path: build/schema.sql
+      overwrite: true
+    logfile: .relspec/log/build-schema.log
+```
+
+### Multiple script directories
+
+```yaml
+version: 1
+jobs:
+  migration-order:
+    command: scripts-list
+    script_dirs:
+      - migrations/core
+      - migrations/tenant
+      - migrations/reporting
+    logfile: .relspec/log/migration-order.log
+```
+
+### Job depending on another job
+
+```yaml
+version: 1
+jobs:
+  build-schema:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - { path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml }
+      - { path: schema/tenant.dbml, format: dbml }
+    output: { format: json, path: build/schema.json, overwrite: true }
+  build-docs:
+    command: convert
+    depends_on: [build-schema]
+    inputs:
+      - { path: schema/core.dbml, format: dbml }
+    output: { format: yaml, path: build/schema.yaml, overwrite: true }
+```
+
+### Reading from a remote database
+
+```yaml
+version: 1
+jobs:
+  snapshot-prod:
+    command: convert
+    inputs:
+      - format: pgsql
+        conn_env: PROD_DB_URL      # export PROD_DB_URL=postgres://...
+    output:
+      format: dbml
+      path: snapshots/prod.dbml
+      overwrite: true
+```

examples/jobs/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Generated by `relspec job run` in this example project.
+/build/
+/.relspec/

examples/jobs/migrations/core/1_001_create_users.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+CREATE TABLE users (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    email VARCHAR NOT NULL UNIQUE
+);

examples/jobs/migrations/tenant/1_002_create_posts.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+CREATE TABLE posts (
+    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_id INT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),
+    title VARCHAR NOT NULL
+);

examples/jobs/migrations/tenant/2_001_add_posts_user_idx.sql

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CREATE INDEX posts_user_id_idx ON posts(user_id);

examples/jobs/relspec.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Example RelSpec job file. See docs/JOB_FILES.md for the full reference.
+#
+#   cd examples/jobs
+#   relspec job list
+#   relspec job run build-schema --plan
+#   relspec job run build-schema
+version: 1
+jobs:
+  build-schema:
+    command: convert
+    description: Merge the DBML sources and emit PostgreSQL DDL
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: pgsql
+      path: build/schema.sql
+      overwrite: true
+    options:
+      flatten_schema: false
+    logfile: .relspec/log/build-schema.log
+
+  build-json:
+    command: convert
+    description: Also emit a JSON schema once build-schema succeeds
+    depends_on: [build-schema]
+    inputs:
+      - path: schema/core.dbml
+        format: dbml
+      - path: schema/tenant.dbml
+        format: dbml
+    output:
+      format: json
+      path: build/schema.json
+      overwrite: true
+
+  migration-order:
+    command: scripts-list
+    description: Show the combined execution order across script directories
+    script_dirs:
+      - migrations/core
+      - migrations/tenant
+    logfile: .relspec/log/migration-order.log

examples/jobs/schema/core.dbml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Table users {
+  id int [pk, increment]
+  email varchar [not null, unique]
+  created_at timestamp
+}

examples/jobs/schema/tenant.dbml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Table posts {
+  id int [pk, increment]
+  user_id int [not null, ref: > users.id]
+  title varchar [not null]
+  body text
+}

linux/arch/PKGBUILD

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Maintainer: Hein (Warky Devs) <hein@warky.dev>
 pkgname=relspec
-pkgver=1.0.71
+pkgver=1.0.74
 pkgrel=1
 pkgdesc="RelSpec is a comprehensive database relations management tool that reads, transforms, and writes database table specifications across multiple formats and ORMs."
 arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')

linux/centos/relspec.spec

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name:           relspec
-Version:        1.0.71
+Version:        1.0.74
 Release:        1%{?dist}
 Summary:        RelSpec is a comprehensive database relations management tool that reads, transforms, and writes database table specifications across multiple formats and ORMs.
 

pkg/diff/diff.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
 )
@@ -229,11 +231,13 @@ func compareColumns(source, target map[string]*models.Column) *ColumnDiff {
 
 func compareColumnDetails(source, target *models.Column) map[string]any {
 	changes := make(map[string]any)
+	sourceType, sourceLength, sourceDefault := comparableColumn(source)
+	targetType, targetLength, targetDefault := comparableColumn(target)
 
-	if source.Type != target.Type {
+	if sourceType != targetType {
 		changes["type"] = map[string]string{"source": source.Type, "target": target.Type}
 	}
-	if source.Length != target.Length {
+	if sourceLength != targetLength {
 		changes["length"] = map[string]int{"source": source.Length, "target": target.Length}
 	}
 	if source.Precision != target.Precision {
@@ -245,8 +249,8 @@ func compareColumnDetails(source, target *models.Column) map[string]any {
 	if source.NotNull != target.NotNull {
 		changes["not_null"] = map[string]bool{"source": source.NotNull, "target": target.NotNull}
 	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(source.Default, target.Default) {
-		changes["default"] = map[string]any{"source": source.Default, "target": target.Default}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(sourceDefault, targetDefault) {
+		changes["default"] = map[string]any{"source": sourceDefault, "target": targetDefault}
 	}
 	if source.AutoIncrement != target.AutoIncrement {
 		changes["auto_increment"] = map[string]bool{"source": source.AutoIncrement, "target": target.AutoIncrement}
@@ -258,6 +262,28 @@ func compareColumnDetails(source, target *models.Column) map[string]any {
 	return changes
 }
 
+// comparableColumn accepts DBML's compact type/default spelling as well as
+// PostgreSQL's normalized fields (for example varchar(255) vs varchar + 255).
+func comparableColumn(column *models.Column) (string, int, any) {
+	typeName := strings.TrimSpace(column.Type)
+	defaultValue := column.Default
+	lower := strings.ToLower(typeName)
+	if i := strings.Index(lower, " default "); i >= 0 {
+		if defaultValue == nil {
+			defaultValue = strings.TrimSpace(typeName[i+len(" default "):])
+		}
+		typeName = strings.TrimSpace(typeName[:i])
+	}
+	length := column.Length
+	if open := strings.LastIndex(typeName, "("); open >= 0 && strings.HasSuffix(typeName, ")") {
+		if parsed, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(typeName[open+1 : len(typeName)-1])); err == nil && length == 0 {
+			length = parsed
+		}
+		typeName = strings.TrimSpace(typeName[:open])
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(typeName), length, defaultValue
+}
+
 func compareIndexes(source, target map[string]*models.Index) *IndexDiff {
 	diff := &IndexDiff{
 		Missing:  make([]*models.Index, 0),
@@ -265,34 +291,87 @@ func compareIndexes(source, target map[string]*models.Index) *IndexDiff {
 		Modified: make([]*IndexChange, 0),
 	}
 
-	// Find missing and modified indexes
+	// Match by name first, then by definition. PostgreSQL and DBML can assign
+	// different names to the same index (for example, posts_user_id_title_idx
+	// and uidx_posts_user_id_title), so a name-only comparison reports false
+	// drift after a merge/diff round trip.
+	unmatchedSource := make(map[string]*models.Index, len(source))
+	unmatchedTarget := make(map[string]*models.Index, len(target))
+	for name, index := range source {
+		unmatchedSource[name] = index
+	}
+	for name, index := range target {
+		unmatchedTarget[name] = index
+	}
+
 	for _, name := range sortedKeys(source) {
 		srcIdx := source[name]
-		if tgtIdx, exists := target[name]; !exists {
+		tgtIdx, exists := target[name]
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		delete(unmatchedSource, name)
+		delete(unmatchedTarget, name)
+		if changes := compareIndexDetails(srcIdx, tgtIdx); len(changes) > 0 {
+			diff.Modified = append(diff.Modified, &IndexChange{
+				Name:    name,
+				Source:  srcIdx,
+				Target:  tgtIdx,
+				Changes: changes,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Pair remaining indexes by their structural identity, independent of the
+	// generated/name field. The sorted iteration makes ambiguous matches
+	// deterministic; duplicate definitions are still represented as separate
+	// indexes by consuming one target at a time.
+	remainingTarget := make(map[string][]*models.Index)
+	for _, name := range sortedKeys(unmatchedTarget) {
+		index := unmatchedTarget[name]
+		key := indexDefinitionKey(index)
+		remainingTarget[key] = append(remainingTarget[key], index)
+	}
+	for _, name := range sortedKeys(unmatchedSource) {
+		srcIdx := unmatchedSource[name]
+		key := indexDefinitionKey(srcIdx)
+		candidates := remainingTarget[key]
+		if len(candidates) == 0 {
 			diff.Missing = append(diff.Missing, srcIdx)
-		} else {
-			if changes := compareIndexDetails(srcIdx, tgtIdx); len(changes) > 0 {
-				diff.Modified = append(diff.Modified, &IndexChange{
-					Name:    name,
-					Source:  srcIdx,
-					Target:  tgtIdx,
-					Changes: changes,
-				})
-			}
+			continue
+		}
+		tgtIdx := candidates[0]
+		remainingTarget[key] = candidates[1:]
+		if changes := compareIndexDetails(srcIdx, tgtIdx); len(changes) > 0 {
+			diff.Modified = append(diff.Modified, &IndexChange{
+				Name:    srcIdx.Name,
+				Source:  srcIdx,
+				Target:  tgtIdx,
+				Changes: changes,
+			})
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Find extra indexes
-	for _, name := range sortedKeys(target) {
-		tgtIdx := target[name]
-		if _, exists := source[name]; !exists {
-			diff.Extra = append(diff.Extra, tgtIdx)
+	for _, key := range sortedKeys(remainingTarget) {
+		for _, index := range remainingTarget[key] {
+			diff.Extra = append(diff.Extra, index)
 		}
 	}
-
 	return diff
 }
 
+func indexDefinitionKey(index *models.Index) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%t:%s:%s", index.Unique, strings.Join(index.Columns, ","), strings.Join(index.Include, ","))
+}
+
+func comparableIndexType(indexType string) string {
+	indexType = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(indexType))
+	if indexType == "" {
+		return "btree"
+	}
+	return indexType
+}
+
 func compareIndexDetails(source, target *models.Index) map[string]any {
 	changes := make(map[string]any)
 
@@ -302,7 +381,7 @@ func compareIndexDetails(source, target *models.Index) map[string]any {
 	if source.Unique != target.Unique {
 		changes["unique"] = map[string]bool{"source": source.Unique, "target": target.Unique}
 	}
-	if source.Type != target.Type {
+	if comparableIndexType(source.Type) != comparableIndexType(target.Type) {
 		changes["type"] = map[string]string{"source": source.Type, "target": target.Type}
 	}
 	if source.Where != target.Where {
@@ -312,7 +391,26 @@ func compareIndexDetails(source, target *models.Index) map[string]any {
 	return changes
 }
 
+// Compare constraints.
+// Primary-key constraints are excluded: a PK is already represented by the
+// column's IsPrimaryKey flag, which compareColumns already compares. The
+// PostgreSQL reader additionally materialises each PK as a primary_key
+// constraint and a unique btree index; the DBML reader keeps PKs as column
+// flags only. Comparing the constraint maps directly would therefore report
+// every PK as an "extra" constraint and the generated index as an "extra"
+// index on a freshly-applied schema. Filtering them here keeps the round
+// trip stable without losing real PK information.
 func compareConstraints(source, target map[string]*models.Constraint) *ConstraintDiff {
+	filteredSource := filterPrimaryKeyConstraints(source)
+	filteredTarget := filterPrimaryKeyConstraints(target)
+	sourceByKey := make(map[string]*models.Constraint, len(filteredSource))
+	targetByKey := make(map[string]*models.Constraint, len(filteredTarget))
+	for _, constraint := range filteredSource {
+		sourceByKey[constraintCompareKey(constraint)] = constraint
+	}
+	for _, constraint := range filteredTarget {
+		targetByKey[constraintCompareKey(constraint)] = constraint
+	}
 	diff := &ConstraintDiff{
 		Missing:  make([]*models.Constraint, 0),
 		Extra:    make([]*models.Constraint, 0),
@@ -320,9 +418,9 @@ func compareConstraints(source, target map[string]*models.Constraint) *Constrain
 	}
 
 	// Find missing and modified constraints
-	for _, name := range sortedKeys(source) {
-		srcCon := source[name]
-		if tgtCon, exists := target[name]; !exists {
+	for _, name := range sortedKeys(sourceByKey) {
+		srcCon := sourceByKey[name]
+		if tgtCon, exists := targetByKey[name]; !exists {
 			diff.Missing = append(diff.Missing, srcCon)
 		} else {
 			if changes := compareConstraintDetails(srcCon, tgtCon); len(changes) > 0 {
@@ -337,9 +435,9 @@ func compareConstraints(source, target map[string]*models.Constraint) *Constrain
 	}
 
 	// Find extra constraints
-	for _, name := range sortedKeys(target) {
-		tgtCon := target[name]
-		if _, exists := source[name]; !exists {
+	for _, name := range sortedKeys(targetByKey) {
+		tgtCon := targetByKey[name]
+		if _, exists := sourceByKey[name]; !exists {
 			diff.Extra = append(diff.Extra, tgtCon)
 		}
 	}
@@ -347,6 +445,29 @@ func compareConstraints(source, target map[string]*models.Constraint) *Constrain
 	return diff
 }
 
+// filterPrimaryKeyConstraints drops primary_key constraints from a single
+// map. Primary keys are compared by the column IsPrimaryKey flag in
+// compareColumns, so comparing the primary_key constraints here only
+// produces duplicate "extra" entries (every PK is extra on the DBML side).
+// Other constraint types are preserved untouched.
+func filterPrimaryKeyConstraints(m map[string]*models.Constraint) map[string]*models.Constraint {
+	out := make(map[string]*models.Constraint, len(m))
+	for name, c := range m {
+		if c.Type == models.PrimaryKeyConstraint {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[name] = c
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func constraintCompareKey(constraint *models.Constraint) string {
+	if constraint.Type != models.ForeignKeyConstraint {
+		return constraint.SQLName()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("fk:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s", strings.ToLower(constraint.Schema), strings.ToLower(constraint.Table), strings.Join(constraint.Columns, ","), strings.ToLower(constraint.ReferencedSchema), strings.ToLower(constraint.ReferencedTable), strings.Join(constraint.ReferencedColumns, ","))
+}
+
 func compareConstraintDetails(source, target *models.Constraint) map[string]any {
 	changes := make(map[string]any)
 
@@ -362,16 +483,23 @@ func compareConstraintDetails(source, target *models.Constraint) map[string]any
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(source.ReferencedColumns, target.ReferencedColumns) {
 		changes["referenced_columns"] = map[string][]string{"source": source.ReferencedColumns, "target": target.ReferencedColumns}
 	}
-	if source.OnDelete != target.OnDelete {
+	if normalizeConstraintAction(source.OnDelete) != normalizeConstraintAction(target.OnDelete) {
 		changes["on_delete"] = map[string]string{"source": source.OnDelete, "target": target.OnDelete}
 	}
-	if source.OnUpdate != target.OnUpdate {
+	if normalizeConstraintAction(source.OnUpdate) != normalizeConstraintAction(target.OnUpdate) {
 		changes["on_update"] = map[string]string{"source": source.OnUpdate, "target": target.OnUpdate}
 	}
 
 	return changes
 }
 
+func normalizeConstraintAction(action string) string {
+	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(action), "NO ACTION") {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(action))
+}
+
 func compareRelationships(source, target map[string]*models.Relationship) *RelationshipDiff {
 	diff := &RelationshipDiff{
 		Missing:  make([]*models.Relationship, 0),

pkg/diff/diff_test.go

@@ -301,6 +301,22 @@ func TestCompareIndexes(t *testing.T) {
 				return len(d.Modified) == 1 && d.Modified[0].Name == "idx_name"
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "equivalent indexes with different generated names",
+			source: map[string]*models.Index{
+				"uidx_posts_user_id_title": {
+					Name: "uidx_posts_user_id_title", Columns: []string{"user_id", "title"}, Unique: true,
+				},
+			},
+			target: map[string]*models.Index{
+				"posts_user_id_title_idx": {
+					Name: "posts_user_id_title_idx", Columns: []string{"user_id", "title"}, Unique: true, Type: "btree",
+				},
+			},
+			want: func(d *IndexDiff) bool {
+				return len(d.Missing) == 0 && len(d.Extra) == 0 && len(d.Modified) == 0
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {

pkg/jobs/jobs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+// Package jobs implements RelSpec declarative job files.
+//
+// A job file is a small YAML manifest that names one or more jobs and,
+// for each job, the RelSpec command to run plus its inputs, output and
+// options. It lets users run "relspec job run build-schema" instead of
+// repeating long command lines.
+//
+// The job-file system is deliberately NOT a shell: "command" is a closed
+// enum of vetted RelSpec workflows, every path is resolved relative to the
+// directory holding the job file and may not escape it, and remote database
+// credentials are referenced by environment-variable name only - never
+// embedded in the manifest. All discovery, parsing and validation in this
+// package is side-effect free; nothing here reads input schemas, opens
+// database connections or writes output. Execution lives in the CLI layer
+// and only runs after Validate and the caller's pre-flight checks pass.
+package jobs
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+// SchemaVersion is the only job-file schema version this build understands.
+const SchemaVersion = 1
+
+// Command names are a closed allow-list. Arbitrary strings are rejected.
+const (
+	CommandConvert     = "convert"      // read one or more schema files, optionally merge, write one output
+	CommandMerge       = "merge"        // additive merge of two or more schema files into one output
+	CommandScriptsList = "scripts-list" // deterministically list SQL scripts across one or more directories
+)
+
+// SupportedCommands lists every accepted command, in help order.
+var SupportedCommands = []string{CommandConvert, CommandMerge, CommandScriptsList}
+
+// readerFormats are the file-based input formats a job may declare (path).
+var readerFormats = map[string]bool{
+	"dbml": true, "dctx": true, "drawdb": true, "graphql": true, "json": true,
+	"yaml": true, "gorm": true, "bun": true, "drizzle": true, "prisma": true,
+	"typeorm": true, "sqlite": true,
+}
+
+// inputDBFormats are input formats that can only come from a live connection,
+// referenced by conn_env.
+var inputDBFormats = map[string]bool{"pgsql": true, "mssql": true}
+
+// writerFormats are the output formats a job may declare.
+var writerFormats = map[string]bool{
+	"dbml": true, "dctx": true, "drawdb": true, "graphql": true, "json": true,
+	"yaml": true, "gorm": true, "bun": true, "drizzle": true, "prisma": true,
+	"typeorm": true, "pgsql": true, "mssql": true, "sqlite": true,
+}
+
+// execOutputFormats are output formats for which conn_env (execute against a
+// live database) is supported instead of writing a file.
+var execOutputFormats = map[string]bool{"pgsql": true}
+
+// File is the on-disk shape of a single job file.
+type File struct {
+	Version int             `yaml:"version"`
+	Jobs    map[string]*Job `yaml:"jobs"`
+}
+
+// Job is one named job within a job file.
+type Job struct {
+	// Name and SourceFile are populated by Load, not parsed from YAML.
+	Name       string `yaml:"-"`
+	SourceFile string `yaml:"-"`
+
+	Command     string   `yaml:"command"`
+	Description string   `yaml:"description"`
+	DependsOn   []string `yaml:"depends_on"`
+	Inputs      []Input  `yaml:"inputs"`
+	ScriptDirs  []string `yaml:"script_dirs"`
+	Output      *Output  `yaml:"output"`
+	Options     Options  `yaml:"options"`
+	Logfile     string   `yaml:"logfile"`
+}
+
+// Input is one declared input schema.
+type Input struct {
+	Path string `yaml:"path"`
+	// Format is the RelSpec reader format (dbml, json, yaml, pgsql, ...).
+	Format string `yaml:"format"`
+	// ConnEnv is the NAME of an environment variable holding a connection
+	// string, used with database formats. The value is never stored here.
+	ConnEnv string `yaml:"conn_env"`
+}
+
+// Output is the declared output target.
+type Output struct {
+	Format    string `yaml:"format"`
+	Path      string `yaml:"path"`
+	ConnEnv   string `yaml:"conn_env"`
+	Overwrite bool   `yaml:"overwrite"`
+}
+
+// Options carries the subset of command flags a job file may set.
+type Options struct {
+	FlattenSchema   bool   `yaml:"flatten_schema"`
+	Schema          string `yaml:"schema"`
+	Package         string `yaml:"package"`
+	ContinueOnError bool   `yaml:"continue_on_error"`
+	SkipRelations   bool   `yaml:"skip_relations"`
+	SkipEnums       bool   `yaml:"skip_enums"`
+	SkipViews       bool   `yaml:"skip_views"`
+	SkipDomains     bool   `yaml:"skip_domains"`
+	SkipSequences   bool   `yaml:"skip_sequences"`
+}
+
+// Dir returns the directory that a job's relative paths resolve against:
+// the directory containing the job file that declared it.
+func (j *Job) Dir() string { return filepath.Dir(j.SourceFile) }
+
+// Set is the merged view of all discovered/selected job files.
+type Set struct {
+	// Files is the sorted list of job files that contributed jobs.
+	Files []string
+	// Jobs is keyed by job name.
+	Jobs map[string]*Job
+}
+
+// Names returns all job names in deterministic (sorted) order.
+func (s *Set) Names() []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(s.Jobs))
+	for n := range s.Jobs {
+		names = append(names, n)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+// Discover returns the job files in dir in deterministic order. The default
+// file "relspec.yml"/"relspec.yaml" sorts first, followed by named files
+// "relspec.<name>.yml"/"relspec.<name>.yaml" in lexical order.
+func Discover(dir string) ([]string, error) {
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = "."
+	}
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read directory %q: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	var defaults, named []string
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := e.Name()
+		if !isJobFileName(name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		full := filepath.Join(dir, name)
+		if name == "relspec.yml" || name == "relspec.yaml" {
+			defaults = append(defaults, full)
+		} else {
+			named = append(named, full)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(defaults)
+	sort.Strings(named)
+	return append(defaults, named...), nil
+}
+
+func isJobFileName(name string) bool {
+	for _, ext := range []string{".yml", ".yaml"} {
+		if name == "relspec"+ext {
+			return true
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, "relspec.") && strings.HasSuffix(name, ext) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Load parses every path, rejects unknown fields and unsupported versions,
+// and merges all jobs into one Set. A job name defined by more than one file
+// is a hard error. Load performs structural checks only; call Validate for
+// full semantic validation.
+func Load(paths []string) (*Set, error) {
+	if len(paths) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no job files found (looked for relspec.yml / relspec.<name>.yml)")
+	}
+	set := &Set{Jobs: map[string]*Job{}}
+	origin := map[string]string{} // job name -> first file that defined it
+
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read job file %q: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		dec := yaml.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(string(data)))
+		dec.KnownFields(true)
+		var f File
+		if err := dec.Decode(&f); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid job file %q: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		if f.Version != SchemaVersion {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("job file %q: unsupported version %d (expected %d)", path, f.Version, SchemaVersion)
+		}
+		if len(f.Jobs) == 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("job file %q: no jobs defined", path)
+		}
+		for name, job := range f.Jobs {
+			if job == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("job file %q: job %q is empty", path, name)
+			}
+			if prev, dup := origin[name]; dup {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("duplicate job %q defined in both %q and %q", name, prev, path)
+			}
+			job.Name = name
+			job.SourceFile = path
+			origin[name] = path
+			set.Jobs[name] = job
+		}
+		set.Files = append(set.Files, path)
+	}
+	return set, nil
+}
+
+// Validate runs full semantic validation over the whole set and returns a
+// single error describing every problem found. It never touches the
+// filesystem beyond what Load already read; existence of input files and
+// environment variables is checked by the caller immediately before
+// execution.
+func (s *Set) Validate() error {
+	var errs []string
+	for _, name := range s.Names() {
+		for _, msg := range s.Jobs[name].validate() {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("job %q: %s", name, msg))
+		}
+	}
+	// Dependency references + cycles.
+	for _, name := range s.Names() {
+		for _, dep := range s.Jobs[name].DependsOn {
+			if _, ok := s.Jobs[dep]; !ok {
+				errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("job %q: depends_on unknown job %q", name, dep))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if cycle := s.findCycle(); cycle != "" {
+		errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("dependency cycle detected: %s", cycle))
+	}
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		sort.Strings(errs)
+		return fmt.Errorf("job file validation failed:\n  - %s", strings.Join(errs, "\n  - "))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (j *Job) validate() []string {
+	var e []string
+
+	switch j.Command {
+	case CommandConvert, CommandMerge, CommandScriptsList:
+	case "":
+		e = append(e, "missing command")
+		return e
+	default:
+		e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("unsupported command %q (supported: %s)", j.Command, strings.Join(SupportedCommands, ", ")))
+		return e
+	}
+
+	// Path safety for every declared path.
+	checkPath := func(label, p string) {
+		if p == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		if err := checkRelPath(p); err != nil {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("%s %q: %v", label, p, err))
+		}
+	}
+	checkPath("logfile", j.Logfile)
+	for _, in := range j.Inputs {
+		checkPath("input path", in.Path)
+	}
+	for _, d := range j.ScriptDirs {
+		checkPath("script_dir", d)
+	}
+	if j.Output != nil {
+		checkPath("output path", j.Output.Path)
+	}
+
+	switch j.Command {
+	case CommandConvert, CommandMerge:
+		minInputs := 1
+		if j.Command == CommandMerge {
+			minInputs = 2
+		}
+		if len(j.Inputs) < minInputs {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("command %q requires at least %d input(s)", j.Command, minInputs))
+		}
+		for i, in := range j.Inputs {
+			e = append(e, validateInput(i, in)...)
+		}
+		if len(j.ScriptDirs) > 0 {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("script_dirs is not valid for command %q", j.Command))
+		}
+		if j.Output == nil {
+			e = append(e, "missing output")
+		} else {
+			e = append(e, validateOutput(*j.Output)...)
+		}
+	case CommandScriptsList:
+		if len(j.ScriptDirs) == 0 {
+			e = append(e, "command \"scripts-list\" requires at least one script_dir")
+		}
+		if len(j.Inputs) > 0 {
+			e = append(e, "inputs is not valid for command \"scripts-list\"")
+		}
+		if j.Output != nil {
+			e = append(e, "output is not valid for command \"scripts-list\"")
+		}
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+func validateInput(i int, in Input) []string {
+	var e []string
+	if in.Format == "" {
+		e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: missing format", i))
+		return e
+	}
+	f := strings.ToLower(in.Format)
+	switch {
+	case inputDBFormats[f]:
+		if in.ConnEnv == "" {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: format %q requires conn_env (an environment variable name)", i, in.Format))
+		}
+		if in.Path != "" {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: format %q takes conn_env, not path", i, in.Format))
+		}
+	case readerFormats[f]:
+		if in.Path == "" {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: missing path", i))
+		}
+		if in.ConnEnv != "" {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: format %q does not use conn_env", i, in.Format))
+		}
+	default:
+		e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: unsupported input format %q", i, in.Format))
+	}
+	if looksLikeSecret(in.ConnEnv) {
+		e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("input[%d]: conn_env must be an environment variable name, not a connection string", i))
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+func validateOutput(o Output) []string {
+	var e []string
+	if o.Format == "" {
+		e = append(e, "output: missing format")
+		return e
+	}
+	f := strings.ToLower(o.Format)
+	if !writerFormats[f] {
+		e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("output: unsupported output format %q", o.Format))
+		return e
+	}
+	if o.ConnEnv != "" {
+		if !execOutputFormats[f] {
+			e = append(e, fmt.Sprintf("output: conn_env (live database execution) is not supported for format %q", o.Format))
+		}
+		if o.Path != "" {
+			e = append(e, "output: set either path or conn_env, not both")
+		}
+	} else if o.Path == "" {
+		e = append(e, "output: missing path")
+	}
+	if looksLikeSecret(o.ConnEnv) {
+		e = append(e, "output: conn_env must be an environment variable name, not a connection string")
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+// looksLikeSecret reports whether s looks like a connection string rather
+// than a bare environment-variable name.
+func looksLikeSecret(s string) bool {
+	if s == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.ContainsAny(s, ":/@ =") || strings.Contains(s, "//")
+}
+
+// checkRelPath rejects absolute paths and any path that escapes its root.
+func checkRelPath(p string) error {
+	if p == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty path")
+	}
+	if filepath.IsAbs(p) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("absolute paths are not allowed; use a path relative to the job file")
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(p, "~") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("home-relative paths are not allowed")
+	}
+	clean := filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(p))
+	if clean == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(clean, "../") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("path escapes the job file directory")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SafeJoin resolves rel against root and guarantees the result stays inside
+// root. It is the single choke point for turning a manifest path into a
+// filesystem path.
+func SafeJoin(root, rel string) (string, error) {
+	if err := checkRelPath(rel); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	absRoot, err := filepath.Abs(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	joined := filepath.Join(absRoot, rel)
+	rp, err := filepath.Rel(absRoot, joined)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if rp == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(rp, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path %q escapes the job file directory", rel)
+	}
+	return joined, nil
+}
+
+// Plan returns the jobs to execute for name in dependency order. When
+// includeDeps is false only the named job is returned (its declared
+// dependencies are still validated to exist and be acyclic by Validate).
+func (s *Set) Plan(name string, includeDeps bool) ([]*Job, error) {
+	root, ok := s.Jobs[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown job %q (known: %s)", name, strings.Join(s.Names(), ", "))
+	}
+	if !includeDeps {
+		return []*Job{root}, nil
+	}
+	var order []*Job
+	visited := map[string]bool{}
+	inProgress := map[string]bool{}
+	var visit func(n string) error
+	visit = func(n string) error {
+		if visited[n] {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if inProgress[n] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("dependency cycle at job %q", n)
+		}
+		inProgress[n] = true
+		j := s.Jobs[n]
+		deps := append([]string(nil), j.DependsOn...)
+		sort.Strings(deps)
+		for _, d := range deps {
+			if _, ok := s.Jobs[d]; !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("job %q depends on unknown job %q", n, d)
+			}
+			if err := visit(d); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		inProgress[n] = false
+		visited[n] = true
+		order = append(order, j)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := visit(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return order, nil
+}
+
+// findCycle returns a human-readable cycle path, or "" if the graph is acyclic.
+func (s *Set) findCycle() string {
+	color := map[string]int{} // 0 unvisited, 1 in progress, 2 done
+	var stack []string
+	var dfs func(n string) []string
+	dfs = func(n string) []string {
+		color[n] = 1
+		stack = append(stack, n)
+		deps := append([]string(nil), s.Jobs[n].DependsOn...)
+		sort.Strings(deps)
+		for _, d := range deps {
+			if _, ok := s.Jobs[d]; !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			switch color[d] {
+			case 0:
+				if c := dfs(d); c != nil {
+					return c
+				}
+			case 1:
+				// Found a back edge; build the cycle slice.
+				for i, x := range stack {
+					if x == d {
+						return append(append([]string(nil), stack[i:]...), d)
+					}
+				}
+				return []string{d, d}
+			}
+		}
+		stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
+		color[n] = 2
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, n := range s.Names() {
+		if color[n] == 0 {
+			if c := dfs(n); c != nil {
+				return strings.Join(c, " -> ")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

pkg/jobs/jobs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+package jobs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func write(t *testing.T, path, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverDeterministicOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	for _, n := range []string{
+		"relspec.yml", "relspec.zeta.yml", "relspec.alpha.yaml",
+		"relspec.beta.yml", "notes.yml", "relspec.txt",
+	} {
+		write(t, filepath.Join(dir, n), "version: 1\njobs: {}\n")
+	}
+	got, err := Discover(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var bases []string
+	for _, p := range got {
+		bases = append(bases, filepath.Base(p))
+	}
+	want := []string{"relspec.yml", "relspec.alpha.yaml", "relspec.beta.yml", "relspec.zeta.yml"}
+	if strings.Join(bases, ",") != strings.Join(want, ",") {
+		t.Fatalf("discover order = %v, want %v", bases, want)
+	}
+
+	// Second call must return the identical order.
+	got2, _ := Discover(dir)
+	for i := range got {
+		if got[i] != got2[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("discover not deterministic: %v vs %v", got, got2)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadRejectsUnknownFields(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")
+	write(t, p, "version: 1\njobs:\n  a:\n    command: convert\n    bogus: true\n")
+	if _, err := Load([]string{p}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unknown field")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadRejectsBadVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")
+	write(t, p, "version: 2\njobs:\n  a:\n    command: convert\n")
+	_, err := Load([]string{p})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported version") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unsupported version error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadRejectsDuplicateJobAcrossFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	a := filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")
+	b := filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.extra.yml")
+	write(t, a, jobFileConvert("build"))
+	write(t, b, jobFileConvert("build"))
+	_, err := Load([]string{a, b})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "duplicate job") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected duplicate job error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func jobFileConvert(name string) string {
+	return "version: 1\njobs:\n  " + name + ":\n    command: convert\n" +
+		"    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n" +
+		"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: out.json\n"
+}
+
+func loadOne(t *testing.T, content string) *Set {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p := filepath.Join(dir, "relspec.yml")
+	write(t, p, content)
+	set, err := Load([]string{p})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load: %v", err)
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+func TestValidateUnknownCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: rm-rf\n")
+	err := set.Validate()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported command") {
+		t.Fatalf("want unsupported command, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateShellStringCommandRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: \"bash -c 'echo hi'\"\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected arbitrary shell command to be rejected")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateMissingInputs(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: convert\n    output:\n      format: json\n      path: o.json\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "at least 1 input") {
+		t.Fatalf("want missing input error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateUnknownFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: convert\n"+
+		"    inputs:\n      - path: a.xyz\n        format: xyz\n"+
+		"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: o.json\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported input format") {
+		t.Fatalf("want unsupported input format, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidatePathTraversalRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{"../secret.dbml", "/etc/passwd", "~/x.dbml", "a/../../b.dbml"}
+	for _, bad := range cases {
+		set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: convert\n"+
+			"    inputs:\n      - path: \""+bad+"\"\n        format: dbml\n"+
+			"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: o.json\n")
+		if err := set.Validate(); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("path %q: expected rejection", bad)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateOutputTraversalRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: convert\n"+
+		"    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n"+
+		"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: ../../evil.json\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected output path traversal rejection")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateConnEnvMustBeName(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: convert\n"+
+		"    inputs:\n      - format: pgsql\n        conn_env: \"postgres://u:p@h/db\"\n"+
+		"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: o.json\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "environment variable name") {
+		t.Fatalf("want conn_env name error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateDependsOnUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  x:\n    command: convert\n    depends_on: [nope]\n"+
+		"    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n"+
+		"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: o.json\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown job") {
+		t.Fatalf("want unknown dependency error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateDependencyCycle(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "version: 1\njobs:\n" +
+		jobBlock("a", "b") + jobBlock("b", "c") + jobBlock("c", "a")
+	set := loadOne(t, content)
+	err := set.Validate()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "cycle") {
+		t.Fatalf("want cycle error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func jobBlock(name, dep string) string {
+	return "  " + name + ":\n    command: convert\n    depends_on: [" + dep + "]\n" +
+		"    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n" +
+		"    output:\n      format: json\n      path: " + name + ".json\n"
+}
+
+func TestPlanTopologicalOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "version: 1\njobs:\n" +
+		"  base:\n    command: convert\n    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n    output:\n      format: json\n      path: base.json\n" +
+		"  mid:\n    command: convert\n    depends_on: [base]\n    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n    output:\n      format: json\n      path: mid.json\n" +
+		"  top:\n    command: convert\n    depends_on: [mid]\n    inputs:\n      - path: a.dbml\n        format: dbml\n    output:\n      format: json\n      path: top.json\n"
+	set := loadOne(t, content)
+	if err := set.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("validate: %v", err)
+	}
+	plan, err := set.Plan("top", true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var order []string
+	for _, j := range plan {
+		order = append(order, j.Name)
+	}
+	if strings.Join(order, ",") != "base,mid,top" {
+		t.Fatalf("plan order = %v, want [base mid top]", order)
+	}
+
+	solo, err := set.Plan("top", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(solo) != 1 || solo[0].Name != "top" {
+		t.Fatalf("no-deps plan = %v, want [top]", solo)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSafeJoinStaysInsideRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	if _, err := SafeJoin(root, "sub/dir/file.sql"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ok, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := SafeJoin(root, "../escape"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected escape rejection")
+	}
+	if _, err := SafeJoin(root, "/abs"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected absolute rejection")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShippedExampleIsValid(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join("..", "..", "examples", "jobs", "relspec.yml")
+	set, err := Load([]string{path})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("load example: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := set.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("example manifest failed validation: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := set.Plan("build-json", true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("plan example: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScriptsListValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	set := loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  s:\n    command: scripts-list\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "script_dir") {
+		t.Fatalf("want script_dir required error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	set = loadOne(t, "version: 1\njobs:\n  s:\n    command: scripts-list\n    script_dirs: [migrations, extra]\n")
+	if err := set.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected valid scripts-list job, got %v", err)
+	}
+}

pkg/pgsql/extensions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Extension describes a PostgreSQL extension RelSpec recognizes, along with the schema
+// artefacts that imply it: the types it provides (declared on TypeSpec.Extension), the
+// index access methods and operator classes it installs, and the functions whose use in a
+// default, check constraint, index predicate, or view body requires it.
+type Extension struct {
+	Name        string
+	Category    string
+	Description string
+
+	// Requires lists extensions that must be created before this one.
+	Requires []string
+
+	// IndexMethods are access methods usable as Index.Type.
+	IndexMethods []string
+
+	// OperatorClasses are operator classes the extension installs.
+	OperatorClasses []string
+
+	// Functions are function names whose use implies the extension.
+	Functions []string
+
+	// FunctionPrefixes match whole families of functions (e.g. "st_" for PostGIS).
+	FunctionPrefixes []string
+}
+
+// postgresExtensions is the set of extensions RelSpec knows how to detect and emit.
+var postgresExtensions = map[string]Extension{
+	"amcheck": {
+		Name: "amcheck", Category: "integrity",
+		Description: "Verifies B-tree and related structure consistency to help detect corruption.",
+		Functions:   []string{"bt_index_check", "bt_index_parent_check", "verify_heapam"},
+	},
+	"btree_gin": {
+		Name: "btree_gin", Category: "indexing",
+		Description: "Adds GIN operator classes for common scalar data types.",
+	},
+	"btree_gist": {
+		Name: "btree_gist", Category: "indexing",
+		Description: "Adds GiST operator classes for common scalar data types and exclusion constraints.",
+	},
+	"citext": {
+		Name: "citext", Category: "text",
+		Description: "Provides case-insensitive text columns and operators.",
+		Functions:   []string{"citext"},
+	},
+	"fuzzystrmatch": {
+		Name: "fuzzystrmatch", Category: "text",
+		Description: "Adds phonetic and fuzzy matching helpers like Soundex and Levenshtein.",
+		Functions: []string{
+			"soundex", "difference", "levenshtein", "levenshtein_less_equal",
+			"metaphone", "dmetaphone", "dmetaphone_alt",
+		},
+	},
+	"hstore": {
+		Name: "hstore", Category: "document",
+		Description:     "Adds a lightweight key/value data type for semi-structured attributes.",
+		OperatorClasses: []string{"gin_hstore_ops", "gist_hstore_ops", "hash_hstore_ops", "btree_hstore_ops"},
+		Functions: []string{
+			"hstore", "akeys", "avals", "skeys", "svals",
+			"hstore_to_json", "hstore_to_jsonb", "hstore_to_array", "hstore_to_matrix",
+		},
+	},
+	"http": {
+		Name: "http", Category: "integration",
+		Description: "Lets SQL functions make outbound HTTP requests.",
+		Functions: []string{
+			"http", "http_get", "http_post", "http_put", "http_patch", "http_delete",
+			"http_head", "urlencode",
+		},
+	},
+	"pg_background": {
+		Name: "pg_background", Category: "jobs",
+		Description: "Runs SQL asynchronously in PostgreSQL background workers.",
+		Functions:   []string{"pg_background_launch", "pg_background_result", "pg_background_detach"},
+	},
+	"pg_cron": {
+		Name: "pg_cron", Category: "scheduling",
+		Description:      "Schedules recurring SQL jobs inside PostgreSQL.",
+		FunctionPrefixes: []string{"cron."},
+	},
+	"pg_jsonschema": {
+		Name: "pg_jsonschema", Category: "validation",
+		Description: "Validates json and jsonb values against JSON Schema.",
+		Functions:   []string{"json_matches_schema", "jsonb_matches_schema", "jsonschema_is_valid"},
+	},
+	"pg_partman": {
+		Name: "pg_partman", Category: "partitioning",
+		Description:      "Automates time-based and serial-based partition management.",
+		FunctionPrefixes: []string{"partman."},
+	},
+	"pg_qualstats": {
+		Name: "pg_qualstats", Category: "observability",
+		Description: "Tracks predicate usage in WHERE and JOIN clauses for tuning and index advice.",
+	},
+	"pg_repack": {
+		Name: "pg_repack", Category: "maintenance",
+		Description: "Rebuilds bloated tables and indexes online with minimal locking.",
+	},
+	"pg_search": {
+		Name: "pg_search", Category: "search",
+		Description: "Provides ParadeDB full-text and relevance search features.",
+		// bm25 is also the access method name used by pg_textsearch; pg_search is the
+		// canonical provider, so a bm25 index resolves to it.
+		IndexMethods:     []string{"bm25"},
+		FunctionPrefixes: []string{"paradedb."},
+	},
+	"pg_stat_statements": {
+		Name: "pg_stat_statements", Category: "observability",
+		Description: "Tracks normalized query execution statistics.",
+	},
+	"pg_textsearch": {
+		Name: "pg_textsearch", Category: "search",
+		Description: "Adds BM25-style text search support.",
+	},
+	"pg_trgm": {
+		Name: "pg_trgm", Category: "text",
+		Description:     "Adds trigram similarity search and fast fuzzy matching indexes.",
+		OperatorClasses: []string{"gin_trgm_ops", "gist_trgm_ops"},
+		Functions: []string{
+			"similarity", "word_similarity", "strict_word_similarity",
+			"show_trgm", "show_limit", "set_limit",
+		},
+	},
+	"pgcrypto": {
+		Name: "pgcrypto", Category: "security",
+		Description: "Adds hashing, encryption, random bytes, and UUID helpers.",
+		// gen_random_uuid is deliberately absent: it is built in since PostgreSQL 13.
+		Functions: []string{
+			"crypt", "gen_salt", "gen_random_bytes", "digest", "hmac",
+			"pgp_sym_encrypt", "pgp_sym_decrypt", "pgp_pub_encrypt", "pgp_pub_decrypt",
+			"armor", "dearmor",
+		},
+	},
+	"pgrouting": {
+		Name: "pgrouting", Category: "geospatial",
+		Description:      "Adds routing and graph algorithms on top of PostGIS data.",
+		Requires:         []string{"postgis"},
+		FunctionPrefixes: []string{"pgr_"},
+	},
+	"pgstattuple": {
+		Name: "pgstattuple", Category: "maintenance",
+		Description: "Reports table and index tuple density and bloat information.",
+		Functions:   []string{"pgstattuple", "pgstatindex", "pgstatginindex", "pg_relpages"},
+	},
+	"plpython3u": {
+		Name: "plpython3u", Category: "procedural",
+		Description: "Lets you write PostgreSQL functions in Python 3.",
+	},
+	"postgis": {
+		Name: "postgis", Category: "geospatial",
+		Description:  "Adds spatial data types, functions, and indexes.",
+		IndexMethods: nil, // uses the built-in gist/spgist/brin access methods
+		OperatorClasses: []string{
+			"gist_geometry_ops_2d", "gist_geometry_ops_nd", "gist_geography_ops",
+			"spgist_geometry_ops_2d", "spgist_geometry_ops_3d", "spgist_geometry_ops_nd",
+			"brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_2d", "brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_3d",
+			"brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_4d", "brin_geography_inclusion_ops_2d",
+			"btree_geometry_ops", "btree_geography_ops",
+		},
+		FunctionPrefixes: []string{"st_"},
+		Functions: []string{
+			"geometrytype", "addgeometrycolumn", "dropgeometrycolumn", "updategeometrysrid",
+			"find_srid", "postgis_version", "postgis_full_version",
+		},
+	},
+	"postgis_raster": {
+		Name: "postgis_raster", Category: "geospatial",
+		Description: "Adds the raster type and raster analysis functions.",
+		Requires:    []string{"postgis"},
+	},
+	"postgis_topology": {
+		Name: "postgis_topology", Category: "geospatial",
+		Description:      "Adds topology-aware spatial models and validation tools.",
+		Requires:         []string{"postgis"},
+		FunctionPrefixes: []string{"topology."},
+	},
+	"postgres_fdw": {
+		Name: "postgres_fdw", Category: "federation",
+		Description: "Connects PostgreSQL tables to other PostgreSQL servers.",
+	},
+	"timescaledb": {
+		Name: "timescaledb", Category: "time-series",
+		Description: "Adds hypertables, compression, retention, and time-series optimizations.",
+		Functions: []string{
+			"create_hypertable", "add_dimension", "time_bucket", "time_bucket_gapfill",
+			"add_retention_policy", "add_compression_policy", "locf", "interpolate",
+		},
+	},
+	"unaccent": {
+		Name: "unaccent", Category: "text",
+		Description: "Removes accents and diacritics for normalized text search.",
+		Functions:   []string{"unaccent"},
+	},
+	"uuid-ossp": {
+		Name: "uuid-ossp", Category: "utility",
+		Description: "Generates UUIDs using several algorithms.",
+		Functions: []string{
+			"uuid_generate_v1", "uuid_generate_v1mc", "uuid_generate_v3",
+			"uuid_generate_v4", "uuid_generate_v5",
+			"uuid_nil", "uuid_ns_dns", "uuid_ns_url", "uuid_ns_oid", "uuid_ns_x500",
+		},
+	},
+	"vector": {
+		Name: "vector", Category: "ai/search",
+		Description:  "Adds vector data types and similarity search for embeddings.",
+		IndexMethods: []string{"hnsw", "ivfflat"},
+		OperatorClasses: []string{
+			"vector_l2_ops", "vector_ip_ops", "vector_cosine_ops", "vector_l1_ops",
+			"halfvec_l2_ops", "halfvec_ip_ops", "halfvec_cosine_ops", "halfvec_l1_ops",
+			"sparsevec_l2_ops", "sparsevec_ip_ops", "sparsevec_cosine_ops", "sparsevec_l1_ops",
+			"bit_hamming_ops", "bit_jaccard_ops",
+		},
+		Functions: []string{"l2_distance", "inner_product", "cosine_distance", "l1_distance", "vector_dims", "vector_norm"},
+	},
+	"vchord": {
+		Name: "vchord", Category: "ai/search",
+		Description:  "Adds VectorChord scalable disk-friendly vector indexes compatible with pgvector data types.",
+		Requires:     []string{"vector"},
+		IndexMethods: []string{"vchordrq", "vchordg"},
+	},
+	"ltree": {
+		Name: "ltree", Category: "document",
+		Description:     "Adds a hierarchical label tree type.",
+		OperatorClasses: []string{"gist_ltree_ops", "gin_ltree_ops", "gist__ltree_ops"},
+		Functions:       []string{"subltree", "subpath", "nlevel", "lca", "ltree2text", "text2ltree"},
+	},
+}
+
+// extensionIndexMethods maps an index access method to the extension providing it.
+var extensionIndexMethods = buildExtensionIndex(func(ext Extension) []string { return ext.IndexMethods })
+
+// extensionOperatorClasses maps an operator class to the extension providing it.
+var extensionOperatorClasses = buildExtensionIndex(func(ext Extension) []string { return ext.OperatorClasses })
+
+// extensionFunctions maps a function name to the extension providing it.
+var extensionFunctions = buildExtensionIndex(func(ext Extension) []string { return ext.Functions })
+
+// extensionFunctionPrefixes maps a function name prefix to the extension providing it.
+var extensionFunctionPrefixes = buildExtensionIndex(func(ext Extension) []string { return ext.FunctionPrefixes })
+
+func buildExtensionIndex(keys func(Extension) []string) map[string]string {
+	index := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, ext := range postgresExtensions {
+		for _, key := range keys(ext) {
+			// Deterministic on collision: the alphabetically first extension wins.
+			if existing, ok := index[key]; ok && existing < ext.Name {
+				continue
+			}
+			index[key] = ext.Name
+		}
+	}
+	return index
+}
+
+// LookupExtension returns the registered extension by name.
+func LookupExtension(name string) (Extension, bool) {
+	ext, ok := postgresExtensions[strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(name))]
+	return ext, ok
+}
+
+// IsKnownExtension reports whether the named extension is registered.
+func IsKnownExtension(name string) bool {
+	_, ok := LookupExtension(name)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// GetExtensions returns every registered extension name, sorted.
+func GetExtensions() []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(postgresExtensions))
+	for name := range postgresExtensions {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+// IndexMethodExtension returns the extension providing an index access method
+// ("hnsw" -> "vector", "vchordrq" -> "vchord"). Built-in methods return "".
+func IndexMethodExtension(method string) string {
+	return extensionIndexMethods[strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(method))]
+}
+
+// OperatorClassExtension returns the extension providing an operator class
+// ("gin_trgm_ops" -> "pg_trgm"). Built-in operator classes return "".
+func OperatorClassExtension(opClass string) string {
+	return extensionOperatorClasses[strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(opClass))]
+}
+
+// ExtensionsForExpression returns the extensions whose functions appear in a SQL
+// expression such as a column default, check constraint, index predicate, or view body.
+// The result is sorted and deduplicated.
+func ExtensionsForExpression(expression string) []string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(expression) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	lower := strings.ToLower(expression)
+	found := make(map[string]bool)
+
+	for _, call := range sqlFunctionCalls(lower) {
+		if ext, ok := extensionFunctions[call]; ok {
+			found[ext] = true
+			continue
+		}
+		for prefix, ext := range extensionFunctionPrefixes {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(call, prefix) {
+				found[ext] = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(found) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(found))
+	for name := range found {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+// sqlFunctionCalls returns the lowercase names of every function call in an expression.
+// A call is an identifier (optionally schema-qualified) immediately followed by "(".
+func sqlFunctionCalls(lowerExpression string) []string {
+	calls := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	end := 0
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(lowerExpression); i++ {
+		if lowerExpression[i] != '(' {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		end = i
+		// Allow whitespace between the identifier and its opening parenthesis.
+		for end > 0 && isSQLSpace(lowerExpression[end-1]) {
+			end--
+		}
+
+		start := end
+		for start > 0 && isSQLIdentifierByte(lowerExpression[start-1]) {
+			start--
+		}
+		if start == end {
+			continue
+		}
+		// A leading digit means this is not an identifier (e.g. "2(").
+		if lowerExpression[start] >= '0' && lowerExpression[start] <= '9' {
+			continue
+		}
+		calls = append(calls, lowerExpression[start:end])
+	}
+
+	return calls
+}
+
+func isSQLIdentifierByte(b byte) bool {
+	switch {
+	case b >= 'a' && b <= 'z', b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z', b >= '0' && b <= '9':
+		return true
+	case b == '_', b == '.':
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func isSQLSpace(b byte) bool {
+	return b == ' ' || b == '\t' || b == '\n' || b == '\r'
+}
+
+// SortExtensions orders extension names so that dependencies come first (postgis before
+// postgis_topology, vector before vchord), with alphabetical order breaking ties.
+// Duplicates are removed; unknown names are kept and sorted alphabetically.
+func SortExtensions(names []string) []string {
+	unique := make(map[string]bool, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		name = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(name))
+		if name != "" {
+			unique[name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	if len(unique) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	pending := make([]string, 0, len(unique))
+	for name := range unique {
+		pending = append(pending, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(pending)
+
+	sorted := make([]string, 0, len(pending))
+	emitted := make(map[string]bool, len(pending))
+
+	var emit func(name string, seen map[string]bool)
+	emit = func(name string, seen map[string]bool) {
+		if emitted[name] || seen[name] {
+			return
+		}
+		seen[name] = true
+
+		if ext, ok := LookupExtension(name); ok {
+			for _, dependency := range ext.Requires {
+				// Only order dependencies that are actually being created.
+				if unique[dependency] {
+					emit(dependency, seen)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		emitted[name] = true
+		sorted = append(sorted, name)
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range pending {
+		emit(name, make(map[string]bool))
+	}
+	return sorted
+}
+
+// ExtensionDependencies returns the extensions a given extension requires, sorted.
+func ExtensionDependencies(name string) []string {
+	ext, ok := LookupExtension(name)
+	if !ok || len(ext.Requires) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	requires := append([]string(nil), ext.Requires...)
+	sort.Strings(requires)
+	return requires
+}
+
+// QuoteExtensionName quotes an extension name when it is not a bare SQL identifier,
+// e.g. uuid-ossp -> "uuid-ossp".
+func QuoteExtensionName(name string) string {
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(name); i++ {
+		b := name[i]
+		switch {
+		case b >= 'a' && b <= 'z', b == '_':
+		case b >= '0' && b <= '9' && i > 0:
+		default:
+			return `"` + strings.ReplaceAll(name, `"`, `""`) + `"`
+		}
+	}
+	return name
+}

pkg/pgsql/extensions_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestExtensionRegistryConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, ext := range postgresExtensions {
+		if name != ext.Name {
+			t.Errorf("extension registered as %q has Name %q", name, ext.Name)
+		}
+		if name != strings.ToLower(name) {
+			t.Errorf("extension %q must be registered lowercase", name)
+		}
+		if ext.Description == "" || ext.Category == "" {
+			t.Errorf("extension %q is missing a category or description", name)
+		}
+		for _, dependency := range ext.Requires {
+			if !IsKnownExtension(dependency) {
+				t.Errorf("extension %q requires unregistered extension %q", name, dependency)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Every extension named by a type in the type registry must itself be registered,
+// otherwise a column type would ask for a CREATE EXTENSION nothing knows how to order.
+func TestTypeExtensionsAreRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	for typeName, spec := range postgresBaseTypes {
+		if spec.Extension == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !IsKnownExtension(spec.Extension) {
+			t.Errorf("type %q declares unregistered extension %q", typeName, spec.Extension)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIndexMethodExtension(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"hnsw":     "vector",
+		"ivfflat":  "vector",
+		"HNSW":     "vector",
+		"vchordrq": "vchord",
+		"vchordg":  "vchord",
+		"bm25":     "pg_search",
+		"btree":    "",
+		"gin":      "",
+		"":         "",
+	}
+
+	for method, want := range tests {
+		if got := IndexMethodExtension(method); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("IndexMethodExtension(%q) = %q, want %q", method, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOperatorClassExtension(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"gin_trgm_ops":         "pg_trgm",
+		"gist_trgm_ops":        "pg_trgm",
+		"vector_cosine_ops":    "vector",
+		"halfvec_l2_ops":       "vector",
+		"gist_ltree_ops":       "ltree",
+		"gist_geometry_ops_2d": "postgis",
+		"jsonb_path_ops":       "",
+		"array_ops":            "",
+		"":                     "",
+	}
+
+	for opClass, want := range tests {
+		if got := OperatorClassExtension(opClass); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("OperatorClassExtension(%q) = %q, want %q", opClass, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtensionsForExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		expression string
+		want       []string
+	}{
+		{"empty", "", nil},
+		{"no functions", "status = 'active'", nil},
+		{"builtin only", "now()", nil},
+		{"uuid-ossp default", "uuid_generate_v4()", []string{"uuid-ossp"}},
+		{"gen_random_uuid is builtin", "gen_random_uuid()", nil},
+		{"pgcrypto", "crypt(password, gen_salt('bf'))", []string{"pgcrypto"}},
+		{"postgis prefix", "ST_Area(geom) > 0", []string{"postgis"}},
+		{"paradedb prefix", "paradedb.snippet(body)", []string{"pg_search"}},
+		{"jsonschema", "json_matches_schema('{}', payload)", []string{"pg_jsonschema"}},
+		{"whitespace before paren", "unaccent ('crème')", []string{"unaccent"}},
+		{"multiple sorted", "ST_X(geom) = levenshtein(a, b)::float", []string{"fuzzystrmatch", "postgis"}},
+		{"column named like function", "similarity_score > 0.5", nil},
+		{"numeric prefix ignored", "2(3)", nil},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ExtensionsForExpression(tt.expression); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("ExtensionsForExpression(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.expression, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSortExtensions(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []string
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{"empty", nil, nil},
+		{"alphabetical", []string{"pg_trgm", "citext"}, []string{"citext", "pg_trgm"}},
+		{"deduplicated", []string{"vector", "vector", " VECTOR "}, []string{"vector"}},
+		{"dependency first", []string{"vchord", "vector"}, []string{"vector", "vchord"}},
+		{
+			"postgis dependants",
+			[]string{"postgis_topology", "pgrouting", "postgis"},
+			[]string{"postgis", "pgrouting", "postgis_topology"},
+		},
+		{"dependency not requested", []string{"vchord"}, []string{"vchord"}},
+		{"unknown names kept", []string{"zzz_custom", "citext"}, []string{"citext", "zzz_custom"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := SortExtensions(tt.input); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("SortExtensions(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQuoteExtensionName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"vector":    "vector",
+		"pg_trgm":   "pg_trgm",
+		"uuid-ossp": `"uuid-ossp"`,
+		"PostGIS":   `"PostGIS"`,
+		"":          "",
+	}
+
+	for name, want := range tests {
+		if got := QuoteExtensionName(name); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("QuoteExtensionName(%q) = %q, want %q", name, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtensionDependencies(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := ExtensionDependencies("vchord"); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, []string{"vector"}) {
+		t.Errorf("ExtensionDependencies(vchord) = %v, want [vector]", got)
+	}
+	if got := ExtensionDependencies("citext"); got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ExtensionDependencies(citext) = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+	if got := ExtensionDependencies("not_an_extension"); got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ExtensionDependencies(not_an_extension) = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+}

pkg/pgsql/index_options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Index access-method storage parameters, the WITH (...) clause of CREATE INDEX. RelSpec
+// carries them through the model in Index.Comment, so the parsing here is deliberately
+// strict: only well-formed "key = value" pairs survive, and comment prose is discarded.
+//
+// Value forms accepted:
+//   - bare tokens: lists=100, m=16, deduplicate_items=true
+//   - quoted strings: key_field='id' (pg_search bm25)
+//   - dollar-quoted blocks: options=$$ [build.internal] lists=[4096] $$ (vchord)
+
+// ExtractWithClause returns the contents of the first WITH (...) clause in s, without the
+// surrounding parentheses. Parentheses inside quoted and dollar-quoted values are ignored,
+// so a vchord TOML block survives intact. Returns "" when there is no WITH clause.
+func ExtractWithClause(s string) string {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(s)
+
+	for offset := 0; ; {
+		idx := strings.Index(lower[offset:], "with")
+		if idx < 0 {
+			return ""
+		}
+		start := offset + idx
+		offset = start + 4
+
+		// "with" must stand as its own word.
+		if start > 0 && isSQLIdentifierByte(s[start-1]) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		pos := offset
+		for pos < len(s) && isSQLSpace(s[pos]) {
+			pos++
+		}
+		if pos >= len(s) || s[pos] != '(' {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if end, ok := matchClosingParen(s, pos); ok {
+			return s[pos+1 : end]
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+// matchClosingParen returns the index of the ')' matching the '(' at open, skipping over
+// quoted and dollar-quoted spans.
+func matchClosingParen(s string, open int) (int, bool) {
+	depth := 0
+	for i := open; i < len(s); i++ {
+		switch s[i] {
+		case '\'':
+			end, ok := skipQuoted(s, i)
+			if !ok {
+				return 0, false
+			}
+			i = end
+		case '$':
+			if end, ok := skipDollarQuoted(s, i); ok {
+				i = end
+			}
+		case '(':
+			depth++
+		case ')':
+			depth--
+			if depth == 0 {
+				return i, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// skipQuoted returns the index of the closing quote of the single-quoted string starting
+// at start, treating ” as an escaped quote.
+func skipQuoted(s string, start int) (int, bool) {
+	for i := start + 1; i < len(s); i++ {
+		if s[i] != '\'' {
+			continue
+		}
+		if i+1 < len(s) && s[i+1] == '\'' {
+			i++
+			continue
+		}
+		return i, true
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// skipDollarQuoted returns the index of the last byte of the dollar-quoted block starting
+// at start ($tag$ … $tag$). Reports false when start does not open one.
+func skipDollarQuoted(s string, start int) (int, bool) {
+	tagEnd := strings.IndexByte(s[start+1:], '$')
+	if tagEnd < 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	tag := s[start : start+1+tagEnd+1]
+	for i := start + 1; i < len(tag); i++ {
+		if !isSQLIdentifierByte(tag[i]) && tag[i] != '$' {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	closing := strings.Index(s[start+len(tag):], tag)
+	if closing < 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return start + len(tag) + closing + len(tag) - 1, true
+}
+
+// SplitStorageParameters splits a WITH clause body on top-level commas, leaving quoted and
+// dollar-quoted values untouched.
+func SplitStorageParameters(clause string) []string {
+	parts := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	depth := 0
+	start := 0
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(clause); i++ {
+		switch clause[i] {
+		case '\'':
+			if end, ok := skipQuoted(clause, i); ok {
+				i = end
+			}
+		case '$':
+			if end, ok := skipDollarQuoted(clause, i); ok {
+				i = end
+			}
+		case '(', '[':
+			depth++
+		case ')', ']':
+			depth--
+		case ',':
+			if depth == 0 {
+				parts = append(parts, clause[start:i])
+				start = i + 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	parts = append(parts, clause[start:])
+
+	trimmed := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		if part = strings.TrimSpace(part); part != "" {
+			trimmed = append(trimmed, part)
+		}
+	}
+	return trimmed
+}
+
+// ParseStorageParameter splits one "key = value" storage parameter. It reports false for
+// anything that is not a well-formed parameter, which is how comment prose is filtered out.
+func ParseStorageParameter(part string) (key, value string, ok bool) {
+	key, value, found := strings.Cut(part, "=")
+	if !found {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+
+	key = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(key))
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if key == "" || value == "" || !isBareIdentifier(key) {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	if !isStorageParameterValue(value) {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return key, value, true
+}
+
+// FormatStorageParameters renders a WITH clause body as a canonical "key = value" list,
+// dropping anything malformed. Returns "" when nothing survives.
+func FormatStorageParameters(clause string) string {
+	params := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	for _, part := range SplitStorageParameters(clause) {
+		key, value, ok := ParseStorageParameter(part)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		params = append(params, key+" = "+value)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(params, ", ")
+}
+
+// NormalizeStorageParameterValue unquotes a value that PostgreSQL rendered as a string but
+// that is really a number, so that pg_indexes output (lists='100') and hand-written models
+// (lists=100) normalize identically. Non-numeric quoted values keep their quotes because
+// some access methods require a string (pg_search's key_field='id').
+func NormalizeStorageParameterValue(value string) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if len(value) < 2 || value[0] != '\'' || value[len(value)-1] != '\'' {
+		return value
+	}
+
+	inner := strings.ReplaceAll(value[1:len(value)-1], "''", "'")
+	if _, err := strconv.ParseFloat(inner, 64); err == nil {
+		return inner
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(inner, "true") || strings.EqualFold(inner, "false") {
+		return strings.ToLower(inner)
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func isBareIdentifier(s string) bool {
+	if s == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+		b := s[i]
+		switch {
+		case b >= 'a' && b <= 'z', b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z', b == '_':
+		case b >= '0' && b <= '9' && i > 0:
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// isStorageParameterValue reports whether value is a bare token, a complete quoted string,
+// or a complete dollar-quoted block.
+func isStorageParameterValue(value string) bool {
+	switch {
+	case value == "":
+		return false
+	case value[0] == '\'':
+		end, ok := skipQuoted(value, 0)
+		return ok && end == len(value)-1
+	case value[0] == '$':
+		end, ok := skipDollarQuoted(value, 0)
+		return ok && end == len(value)-1
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(value); i++ {
+		b := value[i]
+		switch {
+		case b >= 'a' && b <= 'z', b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z', b >= '0' && b <= '9':
+		case b == '_', b == '.', b == '-', b == '+':
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

pkg/pgsql/index_options_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestExtractWithClause(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+		{"no clause", "opclass=vector_cosine_ops", ""},
+		{"simple", "WITH (lists=100)", "lists=100"},
+		{"lowercase", "with (m = 16, ef_construction = 64)", "m = 16, ef_construction = 64"},
+		{
+			"index definition",
+			"CREATE INDEX i ON t USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists='100')",
+			"lists='100'",
+		},
+		{"paren inside quotes", "with (key_field='id(x)')", "key_field='id(x)'"},
+		{"dollar quoted", "with (options = $$f(x)$$)", "options = $$f(x)$$"},
+		{"word boundary", "swith (lists=100)", ""},
+		{"not followed by paren", "with lists=100", ""},
+		{"unterminated", "with (lists=100", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ExtractWithClause(tt.input); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ExtractWithClause(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitStorageParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{"empty", "", []string{}},
+		{"single", "lists=100", []string{"lists=100"}},
+		{"multiple", "m = 16, ef_construction = 64", []string{"m = 16", "ef_construction = 64"}},
+		{"comma in quotes", "key_field='a,b', m=16", []string{"key_field='a,b'", "m=16"}},
+		{"comma in dollar quotes", "options=$$a,b$$, m=16", []string{"options=$$a,b$$", "m=16"}},
+		{"comma in brackets", "options=[1,2], m=16", []string{"options=[1,2]", "m=16"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := SplitStorageParameters(tt.input); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("SplitStorageParameters(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseStorageParameter(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		wantKey   string
+		wantValue string
+		wantOK    bool
+	}{
+		{"bare", "lists=100", "lists", "100", true},
+		{"spaced and uppercased key", " Lists = 100 ", "lists", "100", true},
+		{"quoted", "key_field='id'", "key_field", "'id'", true},
+		{"dollar quoted", "options=$$a$$", "options", "$$a$$", true},
+		{"boolean", "deduplicate_items=true", "deduplicate_items", "true", true},
+		{"float", "fillfactor=90.5", "fillfactor", "90.5", true},
+		{"no equals", "please drop everything", "", "", false},
+		{"empty value", "lists=", "", "", false},
+		{"quoted key rejected", "'lists'=100", "", "", false},
+		{"injection rejected", "lists=100); drop table t", "", "", false},
+		{"unterminated quote rejected", "key_field='id", "", "", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			key, value, ok := ParseStorageParameter(tt.input)
+			if key != tt.wantKey || value != tt.wantValue || ok != tt.wantOK {
+				t.Errorf("ParseStorageParameter(%q) = (%q, %q, %v), want (%q, %q, %v)",
+					tt.input, key, value, ok, tt.wantKey, tt.wantValue, tt.wantOK)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeStorageParameterValue(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"'100'":   "100",
+		"'90.5'":  "90.5",
+		"'true'":  "true",
+		"'id'":    "'id'",
+		"100":     "100",
+		"$$a,b$$": "$$a,b$$",
+		"'":       "'",
+		"''":      "''",
+	}
+
+	for input, want := range tests {
+		if got := NormalizeStorageParameterValue(input); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("NormalizeStorageParameterValue(%q) = %q, want %q", input, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/pgsql/types_registry.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package pgsql
 
 import (
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -9,6 +10,14 @@ import (
 type TypeSpec struct {
 	SupportsLength    bool
 	SupportsPrecision bool
+
+	// SupportsTypeModifier marks types whose "(...)" modifier is opaque and must be
+	// preserved verbatim (e.g. vector(1536), geometry(Point,4326)) instead of being
+	// decomposed into Length/Precision/Scale.
+	SupportsTypeModifier bool
+
+	// Extension is the PostgreSQL extension providing the type; empty for built-ins.
+	Extension string
 }
 
 var postgresBaseTypes = map[string]TypeSpec{
@@ -104,14 +113,28 @@ var postgresBaseTypes = map[string]TypeSpec{
 	"void":   {},
 
 	// Common extensions
-	"citext":    {},
-	"hstore":    {},
-	"ltree":     {},
-	"lquery":    {},
-	"ltxtquery": {},
-	"vector":    {}, // pgvector: keep explicit modifier form (vector(dim))
-	"halfvec":   {}, // pgvector: keep explicit modifier form (halfvec(dim))
-	"sparsevec": {}, // pgvector: keep explicit modifier form (sparsevec(dim))
+	"citext":    {Extension: "citext"},
+	"hstore":    {Extension: "hstore"},
+	"ltree":     {Extension: "ltree"},
+	"lquery":    {Extension: "ltree"},
+	"ltxtquery": {Extension: "ltree"},
+
+	// pgvector: modifier form is opaque (vector(dim), sparsevec(dim))
+	"vector":    {SupportsTypeModifier: true, Extension: "vector"},
+	"halfvec":   {SupportsTypeModifier: true, Extension: "vector"},
+	"sparsevec": {SupportsTypeModifier: true, Extension: "vector"},
+
+	// PostGIS: geometry/geography carry an opaque modifier (geometry(PointZ,4326))
+	"geometry":      {SupportsTypeModifier: true, Extension: "postgis"},
+	"geography":     {SupportsTypeModifier: true, Extension: "postgis"},
+	"box2d":         {Extension: "postgis"},
+	"box3d":         {Extension: "postgis"},
+	"geometry_dump": {Extension: "postgis"},
+	"geomval":       {Extension: "postgis"},
+	"spheroid":      {Extension: "postgis"},
+	"valid_detail":  {Extension: "postgis"},
+	"raster":        {SupportsTypeModifier: true, Extension: "postgis_raster"},
+	"topogeometry":  {Extension: "postgis_topology"},
 }
 
 var postgresTypeAliases = map[string]string{
@@ -346,3 +369,72 @@ func stripArraySuffixes(t string) string {
 func normalizeTypeToken(t string) string {
 	return strings.Join(strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(t)), " ")
 }
+
+// SupportsTypeModifier reports if this SQL type carries an opaque "(...)" modifier
+// that must be preserved verbatim (e.g. vector(1536), geometry(Point,4326)).
+func SupportsTypeModifier(sqlType string) bool {
+	base := CanonicalizeBaseType(ExtractBaseTypeLower(sqlType))
+	spec, ok := postgresBaseTypes[base]
+	return ok && spec.SupportsTypeModifier
+}
+
+// TypeExtension returns the PostgreSQL extension providing the given type
+// ("postgis", "vector", "citext", …). Built-in types return "".
+func TypeExtension(sqlType string) string {
+	base := CanonicalizeBaseType(ExtractBaseTypeLower(sqlType))
+	return postgresBaseTypes[base].Extension
+}
+
+// IsSpatialType reports whether the type comes from PostGIS (geometry, geography,
+// raster, topogeometry, …).
+func IsSpatialType(sqlType string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(TypeExtension(sqlType), "postgis")
+}
+
+// IsVectorType reports whether the type comes from pgvector (vector, halfvec, sparsevec).
+func IsVectorType(sqlType string) bool {
+	return TypeExtension(sqlType) == "vector"
+}
+
+// TypeModifier returns the raw "(...)" modifier of a SQL type without the parentheses,
+// or "" when the type has none. Array suffixes are ignored.
+// Example: geometry(PointZ,4326)[] -> "PointZ,4326".
+func TypeModifier(sqlType string) string {
+	t := stripArraySuffixes(normalizeTypeToken(sqlType))
+	start := strings.Index(t, "(")
+	end := strings.LastIndex(t, ")")
+	if start < 0 || end < start {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(t[start+1 : end])
+}
+
+// SpatialSRID returns the SRID declared in a PostGIS type modifier, or 0 when absent.
+// Example: geometry(Point,4326) -> 4326.
+func SpatialSRID(sqlType string) int {
+	if !IsSpatialType(sqlType) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(TypeModifier(sqlType), ",")
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	srid, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(parts[len(parts)-1]))
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return srid
+}
+
+// SpatialGeometryType returns the geometry subtype declared in a PostGIS type modifier
+// ("Point", "MultiPolygonZ", …), or "" when absent.
+func SpatialGeometryType(sqlType string) string {
+	if !IsSpatialType(sqlType) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	modifier := TypeModifier(sqlType)
+	if modifier == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(modifier, ",")[0])
+}

pkg/pgsql/types_registry_test.go

@@ -145,3 +145,104 @@ func TestEquivalentSQLTypeVariants(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestExtensionTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		sqlType       string
+		wantKnown     bool
+		wantExtension string
+		wantSpatial   bool
+		wantVector    bool
+		wantModifier  bool
+	}{
+		{"geometry with modifier", "geometry(Point,4326)", true, "postgis", true, false, true},
+		{"geography", "geography", true, "postgis", true, false, true},
+		{"geometry array", "geometry[]", true, "postgis", true, false, true},
+		{"box2d", "box2d", true, "postgis", true, false, false},
+		{"raster", "raster", true, "postgis_raster", true, false, true},
+		{"topogeometry", "topogeometry", true, "postgis_topology", true, false, false},
+		{"vector", "vector(1536)", true, "vector", false, true, true},
+		{"halfvec", "halfvec(768)", true, "vector", false, true, true},
+		{"sparsevec", "sparsevec(1000)", true, "vector", false, true, true},
+		{"citext", "citext", true, "citext", false, false, false},
+		{"builtin text", "text", true, "", false, false, false},
+		{"builtin point is not postgis", "point", true, "", false, false, false},
+		{"unknown type", "mytype", false, "", false, false, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := IsKnownPostgresType(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantKnown {
+				t.Errorf("IsKnownPostgresType(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.sqlType, got, tt.wantKnown)
+			}
+			if got := TypeExtension(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantExtension {
+				t.Errorf("TypeExtension(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.sqlType, got, tt.wantExtension)
+			}
+			if got := IsSpatialType(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantSpatial {
+				t.Errorf("IsSpatialType(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.sqlType, got, tt.wantSpatial)
+			}
+			if got := IsVectorType(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantVector {
+				t.Errorf("IsVectorType(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.sqlType, got, tt.wantVector)
+			}
+			if got := SupportsTypeModifier(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantModifier {
+				t.Errorf("SupportsTypeModifier(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.sqlType, got, tt.wantModifier)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtensionTypesDoNotSupportLengthOrPrecision(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, sqlType := range []string{"geometry(Point,4326)", "geography", "vector(1536)", "halfvec(768)"} {
+		if SupportsLength(sqlType) {
+			t.Errorf("SupportsLength(%q) = true, want false", sqlType)
+		}
+		if SupportsPrecision(sqlType) {
+			t.Errorf("SupportsPrecision(%q) = true, want false", sqlType)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpatialTypeModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		sqlType      string
+		wantModifier string
+		wantGeomType string
+		wantSRID     int
+	}{
+		{"geometry(Point,4326)", "Point,4326", "Point", 4326},
+		{"geometry(MultiPolygonZ, 3857)", "MultiPolygonZ, 3857", "MultiPolygonZ", 3857},
+		{"geography(Point)", "Point", "Point", 0},
+		{"geometry", "", "", 0},
+		{"geometry(Point,4326)[]", "Point,4326", "Point", 4326},
+		{"vector(1536)", "1536", "", 0},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.sqlType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := TypeModifier(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantModifier {
+				t.Errorf("TypeModifier() = %q, want %q", got, tt.wantModifier)
+			}
+			if got := SpatialGeometryType(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantGeomType {
+				t.Errorf("SpatialGeometryType() = %q, want %q", got, tt.wantGeomType)
+			}
+			if got := SpatialSRID(tt.sqlType); got != tt.wantSRID {
+				t.Errorf("SpatialSRID() = %d, want %d", got, tt.wantSRID)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeEquivalentSQLTypePreservesExtensionModifiers(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]string{
+		"geometry(Point,4326)": "geometry(Point,4326)",
+		"vector(1536)":         "vector(1536)",
+		"geography(Point)[]":   "geography(Point)[]",
+	}
+
+	for input, want := range tests {
+		if got := NormalizeEquivalentSQLType(input); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("NormalizeEquivalentSQLType(%q) = %q, want %q", input, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/dbml/reader.go

@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 	var currentSchema string
 	var inIndexes bool
 	var inTable bool
+	var columnSeq uint
 
 	tableRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^Table\s+(.+?)\s*{`)
 	refRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`^Ref:\s+(.+)`)
@@ -469,6 +470,7 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 			currentTable = models.InitTable(tableName, currentSchema)
 			inTable = true
 			inIndexes = false
+			columnSeq = 0
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -497,6 +499,17 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 
 		// Parse index definition
 		if inIndexes && currentTable != nil {
+			// A composite `[pk]` entry inside an Indexes block declares the
+			// table's primary key (DBML's way of expressing multi-column PKs
+			// that can't be attached to a single column). It must become a
+			// primary key constraint, not a plain index, or the PK is lost.
+			if indexLineHasPKAttr(line) {
+				if constraint := r.parsePrimaryKeyIndex(line, currentTable.Name, currentSchema); constraint != nil {
+					currentTable.Constraints[constraint.Name] = constraint
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+
 			index := r.parseIndex(line, currentTable.Name, currentSchema)
 			if index != nil {
 				currentTable.Indexes[index.Name] = index
@@ -516,6 +529,8 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 		if inTable && !inIndexes && currentTable != nil {
 			column, constraint := r.parseColumn(line, currentTable.Name, currentSchema)
 			if column != nil {
+				columnSeq++
+				column.Sequence = columnSeq
 				currentTable.Columns[column.Name] = column
 			}
 			if constraint != nil {
@@ -556,6 +571,28 @@ func (r *Reader) parseDBML(content string) (*models.Database, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// PostgreSQL readers derive relationships from foreign keys. Do the same
+	// for DBML refs so diffing equivalent schemas compares the same model.
+	for _, schema := range schemaMap {
+		for _, table := range schema.Tables {
+			for _, constraint := range table.Constraints {
+				if constraint.Type != models.ForeignKeyConstraint {
+					continue
+				}
+				name := fmt.Sprintf("%s_to_%s", table.Name, constraint.ReferencedTable)
+				relationship := models.InitRelationship(name, models.OneToMany)
+				relationship.FromTable = table.Name
+				relationship.FromSchema = table.Schema
+				relationship.FromColumns = append([]string(nil), constraint.Columns...)
+				relationship.ToTable = constraint.ReferencedTable
+				relationship.ToSchema = constraint.ReferencedSchema
+				relationship.ToColumns = append([]string(nil), constraint.ReferencedColumns...)
+				relationship.ForeignKey = constraint.Name
+				table.Relationships[name] = relationship
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Add schemas to database
 	for _, schema := range schemaMap {
 		db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
@@ -743,9 +780,10 @@ func stripWrappingQuotes(s string) string {
 	return s
 }
 
-// parseIndex parses a DBML index definition
-func (r *Reader) parseIndex(line, tableName, schemaName string) *models.Index {
-	// Format: (columns) [attributes] OR columnname [attributes]
+// indexLineColumns extracts the column list from an Indexes-block entry,
+// e.g. "(col1, col2) [attrs]" or "columnname [attrs]", preserving
+// declaration order.
+func indexLineColumns(line string) []string {
 	var columns []string
 
 	// Find the attributes section to avoid parsing parentheses in notes/attributes
@@ -776,6 +814,56 @@ func (r *Reader) parseIndex(line, tableName, schemaName string) *models.Index {
 		}
 	}
 
+	return columns
+}
+
+// indexLineAttrs extracts and splits the bracketed attribute list of an
+// Indexes-block entry, e.g. "[pk]" or "[unique, name: 'foo']".
+func indexLineAttrs(line string) []string {
+	attrStart := strings.Index(line, "[")
+	attrEnd := strings.Index(line, "]")
+	if attrStart < 0 || attrEnd < 0 || attrStart >= attrEnd {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var attrs []string
+	for _, attr := range strings.Split(line[attrStart+1:attrEnd], ",") {
+		attrs = append(attrs, strings.TrimSpace(attr))
+	}
+	return attrs
+}
+
+// indexLineHasPKAttr reports whether an Indexes-block entry carries a `pk`
+// attribute, e.g. "(artifact_id, sha256) [pk]". DBML uses this form to
+// declare composite primary keys that can't be attached to a single column.
+func indexLineHasPKAttr(line string) bool {
+	for _, attr := range indexLineAttrs(line) {
+		if attr == "pk" || attr == "primary key" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// parsePrimaryKeyIndex converts a composite `[pk]` entry from an Indexes
+// block into a primary key constraint, preserving the declared column order.
+func (r *Reader) parsePrimaryKeyIndex(line, tableName, schemaName string) *models.Constraint {
+	columns := indexLineColumns(line)
+	if len(columns) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	constraint := models.InitConstraint("pk_"+tableName, models.PrimaryKeyConstraint)
+	constraint.Schema = schemaName
+	constraint.Table = tableName
+	constraint.Columns = columns
+	return constraint
+}
+
+// parseIndex parses a DBML index definition
+func (r *Reader) parseIndex(line, tableName, schemaName string) *models.Index {
+	// Format: (columns) [attributes] OR columnname [attributes]
+	columns := indexLineColumns(line)
 	if len(columns) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -786,26 +874,15 @@ func (r *Reader) parseIndex(line, tableName, schemaName string) *models.Index {
 	index.Columns = columns
 
 	// Parse attributes
-	if strings.Contains(line, "[") && strings.Contains(line, "]") {
-		attrStart := strings.Index(line, "[")
-		attrEnd := strings.Index(line, "]")
-		if attrStart < attrEnd {
-			attrs := line[attrStart+1 : attrEnd]
-			attrList := strings.Split(attrs, ",")
-
-			for _, attr := range attrList {
-				attr = strings.TrimSpace(attr)
-
-				if attr == "unique" {
-					index.Unique = true
-				} else if strings.HasPrefix(attr, "name:") {
-					name := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(attr, "name:"))
-					index.Name = strings.Trim(name, "'\"")
-				} else if strings.HasPrefix(attr, "type:") {
-					indexType := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(attr, "type:"))
-					index.Type = strings.Trim(indexType, "'\"")
-				}
-			}
+	for _, attr := range indexLineAttrs(line) {
+		if attr == "unique" {
+			index.Unique = true
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(attr, "name:") {
+			name := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(attr, "name:"))
+			index.Name = strings.Trim(name, "'\"")
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(attr, "type:") {
+			indexType := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(attr, "type:"))
+			index.Type = strings.Trim(indexType, "'\"")
 		}
 	}
 

pkg/readers/dbml/reader_test.go

@@ -863,6 +863,13 @@ func TestParseColumn_PostgresTypes(t *testing.T) {
 			wantName: "embedding",
 			wantType: "vector(1536)",
 		},
+		{
+			name:        "postgis geometry with type modifier",
+			line:        "location geometry(Point,4326) [not null]",
+			wantName:    "location",
+			wantType:    "geometry(Point,4326)",
+			wantNotNull: true,
+		},
 		{
 			name:     "multi word timestamp type",
 			line:     "published_at timestamp with time zone",
@@ -932,3 +939,97 @@ func TestHasCommentedRefs(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestReader_CompositePKIndex verifies that a composite `[pk]` entry inside
+// an Indexes block is turned into a primary key constraint, in declaration
+// order, rather than being silently dropped.
+func TestReader_CompositePKIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	dbmlContent := `Table artifact_blob {
+  artifact_id integer [not null]
+  sha256 text [not null]
+  size integer
+
+  Indexes {
+    (artifact_id, sha256) [pk]
+  }
+}
+`
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "composite_pk.dbml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(dbmlContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	reader := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path})
+	db, err := reader.ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	table := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0]
+
+	var pk *models.Constraint
+	for _, c := range table.Constraints {
+		if c.Type == models.PrimaryKeyConstraint {
+			pk = c
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if pk == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a primary key constraint, got none")
+	}
+	want := []string{"artifact_id", "sha256"}
+	if len(pk.Columns) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected PK columns %v, got %v", want, pk.Columns)
+	}
+	for i, col := range want {
+		if pk.Columns[i] != col {
+			t.Errorf("PK column[%d] = %q, want %q (order must match declaration)", i, pk.Columns[i], col)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// No plain index should be emitted for the pk-only entry.
+	if len(table.Indexes) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected no plain indexes from a [pk] Indexes entry, got %v", table.Indexes)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestReader_ColumnPKOrderPreserved verifies that composite primary keys
+// declared via column-level [pk] attributes keep declaration order (via
+// Column.Sequence) instead of falling back to alphabetical sorting.
+func TestReader_ColumnPKOrderPreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	dbmlContent := `Table snapshot_artifact {
+  snapshot_id integer [pk, not null]
+  artifact_id integer [pk, not null]
+}
+`
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "column_pk_order.dbml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(dbmlContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	reader := NewReader(&readers.ReaderOptions{FilePath: path})
+	db, err := reader.ReadDatabase()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadDatabase() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	table := db.Schemas[0].Tables[0]
+
+	snapshotCol, ok := table.Columns["snapshot_id"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("column 'snapshot_id' not found")
+	}
+	artifactCol, ok := table.Columns["artifact_id"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("column 'artifact_id' not found")
+	}
+
+	if snapshotCol.Sequence == 0 || artifactCol.Sequence == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-zero Sequence values, got snapshot_id=%d artifact_id=%d", snapshotCol.Sequence, artifactCol.Sequence)
+	}
+	if snapshotCol.Sequence >= artifactCol.Sequence {
+		t.Errorf("expected snapshot_id (declared first) to have a lower Sequence than artifact_id, got %d >= %d", snapshotCol.Sequence, artifactCol.Sequence)
+	}
+}

pkg/readers/pgsql/README.md

@@ -128,6 +128,27 @@ sessions so they are identifiable in `pg_stat_activity`. If you provide
 - Sequence properties
 - Associated tables
 
+## Extension Types (PostGIS, pgvector)
+
+- Extension column types keep their catalog-formatted form: `geometry(Point,4326)`,
+  `geography(Point)`, `vector(1536)`, `halfvec(768)`, `citext`, arrays included.
+- Built-in types are canonicalized and their dimensions moved to
+  `Column.Length` / `Precision` / `Scale`; extension modifiers stay in `Column.Type`.
+- Index access methods are read from the definition as-is: `gist`, `spgist`, `brin`, `hnsw`,
+  `ivfflat`, `vchordrq`, `vchordg`, `bm25`.
+- Operator class and `WITH (...)` parameters have no model field, so they are stored in
+  `Index.Comment` in the form the PostgreSQL writer reads back:
+
+  ```
+  opclass=vector_cosine_ops; with (m=16, ef_construction=64)
+  ```
+
+  Ordering modifiers (`DESC`, `NULLS LAST`, `COLLATE`) are not treated as operator classes.
+  Numeric parameter values are unquoted (`lists='100'` -> `lists=100`); string values keep
+  their quotes (`key_field='id'`), and dollar-quoted values are preserved whole.
+- Installed extensions are read from `pg_extension` into `schema.Metadata["extensions"]`
+  (only extensions RelSpec recognizes), so a read/write round-trip re-creates them.
+
 ## Notes
 
 - Requires PostgreSQL connection permissions

pkg/readers/pgsql/queries.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/pgsql"
 )
 
 // querySchemas retrieves all non-system schemas from the database
@@ -46,6 +47,41 @@ func (r *Reader) querySchemas() ([]*models.Schema, error) {
 	return schemas, rows.Err()
 }
 
+// queryExtensions retrieves the extensions installed into a schema. Only extensions RelSpec
+// recognizes are kept, so a round-trip never emits a CREATE EXTENSION the writer cannot
+// order; plpgsql is not registered and is therefore skipped along with other built-ins.
+func (r *Reader) queryExtensions(schemaName string) ([]string, error) {
+	query := `
+		SELECT e.extname
+		FROM pg_extension e
+		JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = e.extnamespace
+		WHERE n.nspname = $1
+		ORDER BY e.extname
+	`
+
+	rows, err := r.conn.Query(r.ctx, query, schemaName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	extensions := make([]string, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var name string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&name); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if pgsql.IsKnownExtension(name) {
+			extensions = append(extensions, name)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pgsql.SortExtensions(extensions), nil
+}
+
 // queryTables retrieves all tables for a given schema
 func (r *Reader) queryTables(schemaName string) ([]*models.Table, error) {
 	query := `
@@ -502,8 +538,13 @@ func (r *Reader) queryCheckConstraints(schemaName string) (map[string][]*models.
 		FROM information_schema.table_constraints tc
 		JOIN information_schema.check_constraints cc
 			ON tc.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
+			AND cc.constraint_schema = tc.table_schema
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint pc
+			ON pc.conname = tc.constraint_name
+			AND pc.connamespace = (SELECT oid FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = tc.table_schema)
 		WHERE tc.constraint_type = 'CHECK'
 		  AND tc.table_schema = $1
+		AND pc.contype = 'c'
 	`
 
 	rows, err := r.conn.Query(r.ctx, query, schemaName)
@@ -543,7 +584,12 @@ func (r *Reader) queryIndexes(schemaName string) (map[string][]*models.Index, er
 			indexname,
 			indexdef
 		FROM pg_indexes
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class idx ON idx.relname = indexname
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = idx.oid
+		JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace idx_ns ON idx_ns.oid = idx.relnamespace
 		WHERE schemaname = $1
+		  AND idx_ns.nspname = schemaname
+		  AND NOT i.indisprimary
 		ORDER BY schemaname, tablename, indexname
 	`
 
@@ -597,6 +643,7 @@ func (r *Reader) parseIndexDefinition(indexName, tableName, schema, indexDef str
 	}
 
 	// Extract columns - pattern: (column1, column2, ...)
+	opClass := ""
 	columnsRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`\(([^)]+)\)`)
 	if matches := columnsRegex.FindStringSubmatch(indexDef); len(matches) > 1 {
 		columnsStr := matches[1]
@@ -604,8 +651,17 @@ func (r *Reader) parseIndexDefinition(indexName, tableName, schema, indexDef str
 		columnParts := strings.Split(columnsStr, ",")
 		for _, col := range columnParts {
 			col = strings.TrimSpace(col)
+			fields := strings.Fields(col)
+			if len(fields) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Remember an explicit operator class (e.g. "embedding vector_cosine_ops")
+			// so the writer can reproduce it; ordering modifiers are not operator classes.
+			if opClass == "" && len(fields) > 1 {
+				opClass = extractIndexOperatorClass(fields[1:])
+			}
 			// Remove any ordering (ASC/DESC) or other modifiers
-			col = strings.Fields(col)[0]
+			col = fields[0]
 			// Remove parentheses if it's an expression
 			if !strings.Contains(col, "(") {
 				index.Columns = append(index.Columns, col)
@@ -613,6 +669,15 @@ func (r *Reader) parseIndexDefinition(indexName, tableName, schema, indexDef str
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Extract access method storage parameters, e.g. WITH (lists='100')
+	storageParams := normalizeIndexStorageParams(pgsql.ExtractWithClause(indexDef))
+
+	// Operator class and storage parameters have no dedicated model fields; carry them in
+	// the comment hint the PostgreSQL writer reads back.
+	if hint := buildIndexHint(opClass, storageParams); hint != "" && index.Comment == "" {
+		index.Comment = hint
+	}
+
 	// Extract WHERE clause for partial indexes
 	whereRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`WHERE\s+(.+)$`)
 	if matches := whereRegex.FindStringSubmatch(indexDef); len(matches) > 1 {
@@ -622,6 +687,52 @@ func (r *Reader) parseIndexDefinition(indexName, tableName, schema, indexDef str
 	return index, nil
 }
 
+// indexOrderingKeywords are column modifiers that are not operator classes.
+var indexOrderingKeywords = map[string]bool{
+	"asc": true, "desc": true, "nulls": true, "first": true, "last": true, "collate": true,
+}
+
+// extractIndexOperatorClass picks the operator class out of a column's trailing modifiers.
+// Returns "" when the modifiers are only ordering keywords.
+func extractIndexOperatorClass(modifiers []string) string {
+	for _, modifier := range modifiers {
+		lower := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(modifier))
+		if lower == "" || indexOrderingKeywords[lower] {
+			continue
+		}
+		return lower
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// normalizeIndexStorageParams rewrites "m='16', ef_construction='64'" as "m=16,
+// ef_construction=64". Non-numeric values keep their quotes because some access methods
+// require a string literal (pg_search's key_field='id').
+func normalizeIndexStorageParams(params string) string {
+	normalized := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	for _, part := range pgsql.SplitStorageParameters(params) {
+		key, value, ok := pgsql.ParseStorageParameter(part)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		normalized = append(normalized, key+"="+pgsql.NormalizeStorageParameterValue(value))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(normalized, ", ")
+}
+
+// buildIndexHint renders the operator class and storage parameters in the form the
+// PostgreSQL writer parses back out of an index comment.
+func buildIndexHint(opClass, storageParams string) string {
+	parts := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	if opClass != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, "opclass="+opClass)
+	}
+	if storageParams != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, "with ("+storageParams+")")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "; ")
+}
+
 // normalizePostgresDefault converts a raw PostgreSQL column_default expression into the
 // unquoted string value that the model convention expects. PostgreSQL stores string
 // literal defaults as 'value' or 'value'::type (e.g. '{}'::text[]), while every other

pkg/readers/pgsql/reader.go

@@ -88,6 +88,18 @@ func (r *Reader) ReadDatabase() (*models.Database, error) {
 		}
 		schema.Sequences = sequences
 
+		// Query extensions installed into this schema
+		extensions, err := r.queryExtensions(schema.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query extensions for schema %s: %w", schema.Name, err)
+		}
+		if len(extensions) > 0 {
+			if schema.Metadata == nil {
+				schema.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+			}
+			schema.Metadata["extensions"] = extensions
+		}
+
 		// Query columns for tables and views
 		columnsMap, err := r.queryColumns(schema.Name)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -278,11 +290,6 @@ func (r *Reader) mapDataType(pgType, udtName, formattedType string, hasNextval b
 		}
 	}
 
-	// information_schema reports arrays generically as "ARRAY" with udt_name like "_text".
-	if strings.EqualFold(pgType, "ARRAY") && strings.HasPrefix(udtName, "_") && len(udtName) > 1 {
-		return udtName[1:] + "[]"
-	}
-
 	// Use the database-formatted type when available. For known built-in types, strip
 	// embedded dimensions (they are stored in column.Length/Precision/Scale separately).
 	// For unknown/custom types, keep the full formatted string (e.g. vector(1536)).
@@ -303,6 +310,13 @@ func (r *Reader) mapDataType(pgType, udtName, formattedType string, hasNextval b
 		return formattedType
 	}
 
+	// information_schema reports arrays generically as "ARRAY" with udt_name like "_text".
+	// Only reached when the catalog-formatted type is unavailable, which is the one case
+	// where the element modifier (e.g. geometry(Point,4326)[]) cannot be recovered.
+	if strings.EqualFold(pgType, "ARRAY") && strings.HasPrefix(udtName, "_") && len(udtName) > 1 {
+		return udtName[1:] + "[]"
+	}
+
 	// Fall back to normalizing the information_schema type name directly.
 	canonical := pgsql.NormalizePGType(normalizedPGType)
 	if pgsql.IsKnownPGBaseType(canonical) {
@@ -327,8 +341,10 @@ func (r *Reader) deriveRelationship(table *models.Table, fk *models.Constraint)
 	relationship := models.InitRelationship(relationshipName, models.OneToMany)
 	relationship.FromTable = table.Name
 	relationship.FromSchema = table.Schema
+	relationship.FromColumns = append([]string(nil), fk.Columns...)
 	relationship.ToTable = fk.ReferencedTable
 	relationship.ToSchema = fk.ReferencedSchema
+	relationship.ToColumns = append([]string(nil), fk.ReferencedColumns...)
 	relationship.ForeignKey = fk.Name
 
 	// Store constraint actions in properties

pkg/readers/pgsql/reader_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package pgsql
 
 import (
 	"os"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
@@ -359,6 +360,14 @@ func TestDeriveRelationship(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected ToTable 'users', got '%s'", rel.ToTable)
 	}
 
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(rel.FromColumns, []string{"user_id"}) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected FromColumns [user_id], got %v", rel.FromColumns)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(rel.ToColumns, []string{"id"}) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected ToColumns [id], got %v", rel.ToColumns)
+	}
+
 	if rel.ForeignKey != "fk_orders_user_id" {
 		t.Errorf("Expected ForeignKey 'fk_orders_user_id', got '%s'", rel.ForeignKey)
 	}
@@ -392,3 +401,101 @@ func BenchmarkReader_ReadDatabase(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseIndexDefinition_ExtensionIndexes(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := &Reader{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		indexDef    string
+		wantType    string
+		wantColumns []string
+		wantComment string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "hnsw vector index with storage parameters",
+			indexDef:    "CREATE INDEX idx_docs_embedding ON public.docs USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (m='16', ef_construction='64')",
+			wantType:    "hnsw",
+			wantColumns: []string{"embedding"},
+			wantComment: "opclass=vector_cosine_ops; with (m=16, ef_construction=64)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "ivfflat vector index",
+			indexDef:    "CREATE INDEX idx_docs_embedding ON public.docs USING ivfflat (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists='100')",
+			wantType:    "ivfflat",
+			wantColumns: []string{"embedding"},
+			wantComment: "opclass=vector_l2_ops; with (lists=100)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "gist geometry index with default operator class",
+			indexDef:    "CREATE INDEX idx_places_geom ON public.places USING gist (geom)",
+			wantType:    "gist",
+			wantColumns: []string{"geom"},
+			wantComment: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "gist geometry index with explicit operator class",
+			indexDef:    "CREATE INDEX idx_places_geom ON public.places USING gist (geom gist_geometry_ops_nd)",
+			wantType:    "gist",
+			wantColumns: []string{"geom"},
+			wantComment: "opclass=gist_geometry_ops_nd",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "btree ordering modifiers are not operator classes",
+			indexDef:    "CREATE INDEX idx_users_created ON public.users USING btree (created_at DESC NULLS LAST)",
+			wantType:    "btree",
+			wantColumns: []string{"created_at"},
+			wantComment: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			index, err := reader.parseIndexDefinition("idx", "tbl", "public", tt.indexDef)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("parseIndexDefinition() error = %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if index.Type != tt.wantType {
+				t.Errorf("Type = %q, want %q", index.Type, tt.wantType)
+			}
+			if len(index.Columns) != len(tt.wantColumns) {
+				t.Fatalf("Columns = %v, want %v", index.Columns, tt.wantColumns)
+			}
+			for i, col := range tt.wantColumns {
+				if index.Columns[i] != col {
+					t.Errorf("Columns[%d] = %q, want %q", i, index.Columns[i], col)
+				}
+			}
+			if index.Comment != tt.wantComment {
+				t.Errorf("Comment = %q, want %q", index.Comment, tt.wantComment)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapDataType_ExtensionTypesPreserveModifiers(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := &Reader{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		pgType        string
+		udtName       string
+		formattedType string
+		want          string
+	}{
+		{"postgis geometry", "USER-DEFINED", "geometry", "geometry(Point,4326)", "geometry(Point,4326)"},
+		{"postgis geography", "USER-DEFINED", "geography", "geography(Point,4326)", "geography(Point,4326)"},
+		{"postgis geometry without modifier", "USER-DEFINED", "geometry", "geometry", "geometry"},
+		{"pgvector halfvec", "USER-DEFINED", "halfvec", "halfvec(768)", "halfvec(768)"},
+		{"postgis geometry array", "ARRAY", "_geometry", "geometry(Point,4326)[]", "geometry(Point,4326)[]"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := reader.mapDataType(tt.pgType, tt.udtName, tt.formattedType, false); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("mapDataType() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/README.md

@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ When `include_audit` is enabled, adds:
 - Function-based indexes
 - Concurrent index creation (`CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY`) via `Index.Concurrent`
 - Check constraints with expressions
+- Extension types and indexes: PostGIS, pgvector, citext, hstore, ltree (see below)
 
 ## Data Types
 
@@ -186,6 +187,108 @@ Supports all PostgreSQL data types:
 - Network: INET, CIDR, MACADDR
 - Special: ARRAY, HSTORE
 
+## Extension Types (PostGIS, pgvector)
+
+Extension column types are preserved verbatim, including their type modifier:
+
+| Type | Example column type | Extension |
+|------|---------------------|-----------|
+| PostGIS | `geometry(Point,4326)`, `geography(Point)`, `box2d`, `raster` | `postgis`, `postgis_raster`, `postgis_topology` |
+| pgvector | `vector(1536)`, `halfvec(768)`, `sparsevec(1000)` | `vector` |
+| Other | `citext`, `hstore`, `ltree` | `citext`, `hstore`, `ltree` |
+
+`CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS <ext>;` is emitted automatically for every extension the
+schema needs. See [Extensions](#extensions).
+
+### Extension Indexes
+
+`Index.Type` selects the access method: `gist`, `spgist`, `brin` (PostGIS), `hnsw`, `ivfflat`
+(pgvector), `vchordrq`, `vchordg` (VectorChord), `bm25` (pg_search).
+
+Operator class and access-method parameters ride in `Index.Comment`:
+
+```
+opclass=vector_l2_ops; with (lists=100)
+```
+
+- `opclass=<name>` — used only when compatible with the column type; otherwise ignored.
+  Bare operator class names in the comment (e.g. `gin_trgm_ops`) are also recognized.
+- `with (k=v, …)` — rendered as `WITH (k = v, …)`. Only well-formed `key = value` pairs are
+  kept, so comment prose never reaches the DDL. Values may be bare (`lists=100`), quoted
+  (`key_field='id'`), or dollar-quoted (`options=$$[build.internal]$$`).
+
+Defaults when no operator class is requested:
+
+| Access method | Column type | Emitted operator class |
+|---------------|-------------|------------------------|
+| `hnsw`, `ivfflat`, `vchordrq`, `vchordg` | `vector` / `halfvec` / `sparsevec` / `bit` | `vector_cosine_ops` / `halfvec_cosine_ops` / `sparsevec_cosine_ops` / `bit_hamming_ops` |
+| `gist`, `spgist`, `brin` | `geometry`, `geography` | none (PostGIS default operator class) |
+| `gin` | text / `jsonb` / array | `gin_trgm_ops` / `jsonb_ops` / `array_ops` |
+
+pgvector defines no default operator class, so a vector index always names one.
+
+```sql
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_documents_embedding
+  ON public.documents USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 100);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_documents_location
+  ON public.documents USING gist (location);
+```
+
+Migrations only recreate an index when both sides specify a hint and they differ, so a model
+without hints does not churn against a live database.
+
+## Extensions
+
+`CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS <ext>;` is emitted per schema, deduplicated and ordered so
+dependencies come first (`postgis` before `postgis_topology`/`postgis_raster`/`pgrouting`,
+`vector` before `vchord`). Names needing quoting are quoted: `CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";`
+
+### Detection
+
+| Source | Example | Extension |
+|--------|---------|-----------|
+| Column type | `vector(1536)`, `geometry(Point,4326)`, `citext`, `ltree` | `vector`, `postgis`, `citext`, `ltree` |
+| Index access method | `hnsw`, `ivfflat` / `vchordrq`, `vchordg` / `bm25` | `vector` / `vchord` / `pg_search` |
+| Operator class | `gin_trgm_ops`, `gist_ltree_ops` | `pg_trgm`, `ltree` |
+| GIN/GiST on a scalar type | `USING gin (views)` | `btree_gin` / `btree_gist` |
+| Function in a default, CHECK, index `WHERE`, or view body | `uuid_generate_v4()`, `crypt()`, `ST_Area()`, `unaccent()`, `json_matches_schema()` | `uuid-ossp`, `pgcrypto`, `postgis`, `unaccent`, `pg_jsonschema` |
+
+`gen_random_uuid()` is built in since PostgreSQL 13 and does not pull in `pgcrypto`.
+
+### Declaring extensions explicitly
+
+Extensions that leave no trace in the schema go in `schema.Metadata["extensions"]`, as a list
+or a comma-separated string. Dependencies are pulled in automatically; unknown names are kept
+as given. The PostgreSQL reader populates this from `pg_extension` for the schemas it reads.
+
+```yaml
+metadata:
+  extensions: [pg_cron, timescaledb, pg_stat_statements]
+```
+
+### Recognized extensions
+
+| Category | Extensions |
+|----------|------------|
+| ai/search | `vector`, `vchord` |
+| document | `hstore`, `ltree` |
+| federation | `postgres_fdw` |
+| geospatial | `postgis`, `postgis_raster`, `postgis_topology`, `pgrouting` |
+| indexing | `btree_gin`, `btree_gist` |
+| integration | `http` |
+| integrity | `amcheck` |
+| jobs / scheduling | `pg_background`, `pg_cron` |
+| maintenance | `pg_repack`, `pgstattuple` |
+| observability | `pg_qualstats`, `pg_stat_statements` |
+| partitioning | `pg_partman` |
+| procedural | `plpython3u` |
+| search | `pg_search`, `pg_textsearch` |
+| security | `pgcrypto` |
+| text | `citext`, `fuzzystrmatch`, `pg_trgm`, `unaccent` |
+| time-series | `timescaledb` |
+| utility | `uuid-ossp` |
+| validation | `pg_jsonschema` |
+
 ## Notes
 
 - Generated SQL is formatted and readable

pkg/writers/pgsql/extensions_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+package pgsql
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
+	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/writers"
+)
+
+// buildExtensionSchema returns a single-table schema the extension detection tests mutate.
+func buildExtensionSchema(t *testing.T) (*models.Schema, *models.Table) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+	table := models.InitTable("documents", "public")
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	return schema, table
+}
+
+func addColumn(table *models.Table, name, sqlType string) *models.Column {
+	col := models.InitColumn(name, table.Name, table.Schema)
+	col.Type = sqlType
+	table.Columns[name] = col
+	return col
+}
+
+func TestRequiredExtensions_Detection(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		build func(schema *models.Schema, table *models.Table)
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "no extensions",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) { addColumn(table, "id", "integer") },
+			want:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "column type",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "embedding", "vector(1536)")
+				addColumn(table, "name", "citext")
+			},
+			want: []string{"citext", "vector"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "column default function",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "id", "uuid").Default = "uuid_generate_v4()"
+			},
+			want: []string{"uuid-ossp"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "check constraint expression",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "geom", "geometry")
+				table.Constraints["chk_geom"] = &models.Constraint{
+					Name:       "chk_geom",
+					Type:       models.CheckConstraint,
+					Expression: "ST_IsValid(geom)",
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"postgis"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "partial index predicate",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "title", "text")
+				table.Indexes["idx_title"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_title",
+					Type:    "btree",
+					Columns: []string{"title"},
+					Where:   "similarity(title, 'x') > 0.3",
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"pg_trgm"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "view definition",
+			build: func(schema *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "title", "text")
+				schema.Views = append(schema.Views, &models.View{
+					Name:       "v_documents",
+					Schema:     "public",
+					Definition: "SELECT unaccent(title) FROM documents",
+				})
+			},
+			want: []string{"unaccent"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "index access method",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "body", "text")
+				table.Indexes["idx_body"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_body",
+					Type:    "bm25",
+					Columns: []string{"body"},
+					Comment: "with (key_field='id')",
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"pg_search"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vchord depends on vector",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "embedding", "vector(3)")
+				table.Indexes["idx_embedding"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_embedding",
+					Type:    "vchordrq",
+					Columns: []string{"embedding"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"vector", "vchord"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gin on scalar needs btree_gin",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "views", "integer")
+				table.Indexes["idx_views"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_views",
+					Type:    "gin",
+					Columns: []string{"views"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"btree_gin"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gist on scalar needs btree_gist",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "views", "integer")
+				table.Indexes["idx_views"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_views",
+					Type:    "gist",
+					Columns: []string{"views"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"btree_gist"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gist on geometry uses postgis operator classes",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "location", "geometry(Point,4326)")
+				table.Indexes["idx_location"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_location",
+					Type:    "gist",
+					Columns: []string{"location"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"postgis"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gin on jsonb needs no companion",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "payload", "jsonb")
+				table.Indexes["idx_payload"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_payload",
+					Type:    "gin",
+					Columns: []string{"payload"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gin on text uses pg_trgm",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "title", "text")
+				table.Indexes["idx_title"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_title",
+					Type:    "gin",
+					Columns: []string{"title"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: []string{"pg_trgm"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gin on array needs no companion",
+			build: func(_ *models.Schema, table *models.Table) {
+				addColumn(table, "tags", "text[]")
+				table.Indexes["idx_tags"] = &models.Index{
+					Name:    "idx_tags",
+					Type:    "gin",
+					Columns: []string{"tags"},
+				}
+			},
+			want: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "declared in metadata as string",
+			build: func(schema *models.Schema, _ *models.Table) {
+				schema.Metadata = map[string]any{"extensions": "pg_cron, timescaledb"}
+			},
+			want: []string{"pg_cron", "timescaledb"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "declared in metadata as list",
+			build: func(schema *models.Schema, _ *models.Table) {
+				schema.Metadata = map[string]any{"extensions": []any{"postgis_topology", "pg_stat_statements"}}
+			},
+			// postgis is pulled in as a dependency of postgis_topology and emitted first.
+			want: []string{"pg_stat_statements", "postgis", "postgis_topology"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			schema, table := buildExtensionSchema(t)
+			tt.build(schema, table)
+
+			if got := requiredExtensions(schema); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("requiredExtensions() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequiredExtensions_NilSchema(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := requiredExtensions(nil); got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("requiredExtensions(nil) = %v, want nil", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_QuotesExtensionNames(t *testing.T) {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema, table := buildExtensionSchema(t)
+	addColumn(table, "id", "uuid").Default = "uuid_generate_v4()"
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, db)
+	if !strings.Contains(output, `CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp";`) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected quoted extension name, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateSchemaStatements_ExtensionDependencyOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	schema, table := buildExtensionSchema(t)
+	addColumn(table, "embedding", "vector(3)")
+	table.Indexes["idx_embedding"] = &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_embedding",
+		Type:    "vchordrq",
+		Columns: []string{"embedding"},
+	}
+
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	statements, err := writer.GenerateSchemaStatements(schema)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GenerateSchemaStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	joined := strings.Join(statements, "\n")
+	vector := strings.Index(joined, "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector")
+	vchord := strings.Index(joined, "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vchord")
+	if vector < 0 || vchord < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vector and vchord extensions, got:\n%s", joined)
+	}
+	if vector > vchord {
+		t.Fatalf("expected vector to be created before vchord, got:\n%s", joined)
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer.go

@@ -164,14 +164,14 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) WriteMigration(model *models.Database, current *models
 func (w *MigrationWriter) generateSchemaScripts(model *models.Schema, current *models.Schema) ([]MigrationScript, error) {
 	scripts := make([]MigrationScript, 0)
 
-	if schemaRequiresPGTrgm(model) {
+	for _, extension := range requiredExtensions(model) {
 		scripts = append(scripts, MigrationScript{
-			ObjectName: "extension.pg_trgm",
+			ObjectName: "extension." + extension,
 			ObjectType: "create extension",
 			Schema:     model.Name,
 			Priority:   80,
 			Sequence:   len(scripts),
-			Body:       "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_trgm;",
+			Body:       fmt.Sprintf("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS %s;", pgsql.QuoteExtensionName(extension)),
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -646,13 +646,14 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateIndexScripts(model *models.Schema, current *mo
 				}
 
 				sql, err := w.executor.ExecuteCreateIndex(CreateIndexData{
-					SchemaName: model.Name,
-					TableName:  modelTable.Name,
-					IndexName:  indexName,
-					IndexType:  indexType,
-					Columns:    strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "),
-					Unique:     modelIndex.Unique,
-					Concurrent: modelIndex.Concurrent,
+					SchemaName:        model.Name,
+					TableName:         modelTable.Name,
+					IndexName:         indexName,
+					IndexType:         indexType,
+					Columns:           strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "),
+					Unique:            modelIndex.Unique,
+					Concurrent:        modelIndex.Concurrent,
+					StorageParameters: indexStorageParameters(modelIndex.Comment),
 				})
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
@@ -674,20 +675,31 @@ func (w *MigrationWriter) generateIndexScripts(model *models.Schema, current *mo
 	return scripts, nil
 }
 
+// buildIndexColumnExpressions renders the column list of an index, appending the operator
+// class each column needs for the access method (GIN opclasses, pgvector distance ops,
+// explicitly requested PostGIS opclasses). Columns that cannot be resolved on the table are
+// emitted verbatim.
 func buildIndexColumnExpressions(table *models.Table, index *models.Index, indexType string) []string {
+	return buildIndexColumnExpressionsFiltered(table, index, indexType, false)
+}
+
+// buildIndexColumnExpressionsFiltered is buildIndexColumnExpressions with the option to drop
+// columns that do not exist on the table instead of emitting them verbatim.
+func buildIndexColumnExpressionsFiltered(table *models.Table, index *models.Index, indexType string, skipUnresolved bool) []string {
 	columnExprs := make([]string, 0, len(index.Columns))
 	for _, colName := range index.Columns {
-		colExpr := colName
-		if table != nil {
-			if col, ok := resolveIndexColumn(table, colName); ok && col != nil {
-				colExpr = col.SQLName()
-				if strings.EqualFold(indexType, "gin") {
-					opClass := ginOperatorClassForColumn(col, index.Comment)
-					if opClass != "" {
-						colExpr = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", col.SQLName(), opClass)
-					}
-				}
+		col, ok := resolveIndexColumn(table, colName)
+		if !ok || col == nil {
+			if skipUnresolved {
+				continue
 			}
+			columnExprs = append(columnExprs, colName)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		colExpr := col.SQLName()
+		if opClass := indexOperatorClassForColumn(col, indexType, index.Comment); opClass != "" {
+			colExpr = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", colExpr, opClass)
 		}
 		columnExprs = append(columnExprs, colExpr)
 	}
@@ -1046,5 +1058,19 @@ func indexesEqual(idx1, idx2 *models.Index) bool {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
-	return true
+	// Operator class and storage parameters ride along in the index comment. They only
+	// signal a difference when both sides specify one, so an index whose model side omits
+	// the hint is not recreated on every migration.
+	if !indexHintsEqual(extractOperatorClass(idx1.Comment), extractOperatorClass(idx2.Comment)) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return indexHintsEqual(indexStorageParameters(idx1.Comment), indexStorageParameters(idx2.Comment))
+}
+
+// indexHintsEqual compares two optional index hints, treating an unspecified hint as a match.
+func indexHintsEqual(hint1, hint2 string) bool {
+	if hint1 == "" || hint2 == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(hint1, hint2)
 }

pkg/writers/pgsql/migration_writer_test.go

@@ -852,3 +852,93 @@ func TestWriteMigration_NilCurrentTreatsDatabaseAsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected CREATE TABLE in migration output, got:\n%s", output)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestWriteMigration_VectorAndPostGISIndexes(t *testing.T) {
+	current := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	current.Schemas = append(current.Schemas, models.InitSchema("public"))
+
+	model := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	modelSchema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("documents", "public")
+
+	embedding := models.InitColumn("embedding", "documents", "public")
+	embedding.Type = "vector(1536)"
+	table.Columns["embedding"] = embedding
+
+	location := models.InitColumn("location", "documents", "public")
+	location.Type = "geometry(Point,4326)"
+	table.Columns["location"] = location
+
+	table.Indexes["idx_documents_embedding"] = &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_documents_embedding",
+		Type:    "ivfflat",
+		Columns: []string{"embedding"},
+		Comment: "opclass=vector_cosine_ops; with (lists=100)",
+	}
+	table.Indexes["idx_documents_location"] = &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_documents_location",
+		Type:    "gist",
+		Columns: []string{"location"},
+	}
+
+	modelSchema.Tables = append(modelSchema.Tables, table)
+	model.Schemas = append(model.Schemas, modelSchema)
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer, err := NewMigrationWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteMigration(model, current); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMigration failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis;",
+		"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;",
+		"vector(1536)",
+		"geometry(Point,4326)",
+		"USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops) WITH (lists = 100)",
+		"USING gist (location)",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(output, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected migration to contain %q, got:\n%s", want, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIndexesEqual_OperatorClassAndStorageParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	newIndex := func(comment string) *models.Index {
+		return &models.Index{
+			Name:    "idx_documents_embedding",
+			Type:    "hnsw",
+			Columns: []string{"embedding"},
+			Comment: comment,
+		}
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		comment1  string
+		comment2  string
+		wantEqual bool
+	}{
+		{"identical hints", "opclass=vector_l2_ops", "opclass=vector_l2_ops", true},
+		{"different operator class", "opclass=vector_l2_ops", "opclass=vector_cosine_ops", false},
+		{"different storage parameters", "with (m=16)", "with (m=32)", false},
+		{"unspecified hint on one side", "", "opclass=vector_l2_ops; with (m=16)", true},
+		{"unrelated comments", "primary lookup index", "primary lookup index", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := indexesEqual(newIndex(tt.comment1), newIndex(tt.comment2)); got != tt.wantEqual {
+				t.Errorf("indexesEqual() = %v, want %v", got, tt.wantEqual)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/pgsql/templates.go

@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@ type CreateIndexData struct {
 	Columns    string
 	Unique     bool
 	Concurrent bool
+	// StorageParameters holds access-method parameters rendered as WITH (...),
+	// e.g. "lists = 100" for ivfflat or "m = 16, ef_construction = 64" for hnsw.
+	StorageParameters string
 }
 
 // CreateForeignKeyData contains data for create foreign key template

pkg/writers/pgsql/templates/create_index.tmpl

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 CREATE {{if .Unique}}UNIQUE {{end}}INDEX {{if .Concurrent}}CONCURRENTLY {{end}}IF NOT EXISTS {{quote_ident .IndexName}}
-  ON {{qual_table .SchemaName .TableName}} USING {{.IndexType}} ({{.Columns}});
+  ON {{qual_table .SchemaName .TableName}} USING {{.IndexType}} ({{.Columns}}){{if .StorageParameters}} WITH ({{.StorageParameters}}){{end}};

pkg/writers/pgsql/writer.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"regexp"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.warky.dev/wdevs/relspecgo/pkg/models"
@@ -147,8 +149,8 @@ func (w *Writer) GenerateSchemaStatements(schema *models.Schema) ([]string, erro
 		statements = append(statements, fmt.Sprintf("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS %s", schema.SQLName()))
 	}
 
-	if schemaRequiresPGTrgm(schema) {
-		statements = append(statements, `CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_trgm`)
+	for _, extension := range requiredExtensions(schema) {
+		statements = append(statements, fmt.Sprintf("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS %s", pgsql.QuoteExtensionName(extension)))
 	}
 
 	// Phase 2: Create sequences
@@ -271,18 +273,12 @@ func (w *Writer) GenerateSchemaStatements(schema *models.Schema) ([]string, erro
 				indexType = "btree"
 			}
 
-			// Build column expressions with operator class support for GIN indexes
-			columnExprs := make([]string, 0, len(index.Columns))
-			for _, colName := range index.Columns {
-				colExpr := colName
-				if col, ok := resolveIndexColumn(table, colName); ok {
-					if strings.EqualFold(indexType, "gin") {
-						if opClass := ginOperatorClassForColumn(col, index.Comment); opClass != "" {
-							colExpr = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", colName, opClass)
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				columnExprs = append(columnExprs, colExpr)
+			// Build column expressions with operator class support (GIN, pgvector, PostGIS)
+			columnExprs := buildIndexColumnExpressions(table, index, indexType)
+
+			withClause := ""
+			if params := indexStorageParameters(index.Comment); params != "" {
+				withClause = fmt.Sprintf(" WITH (%s)", params)
 			}
 
 			whereClause := ""
@@ -290,8 +286,8 @@ func (w *Writer) GenerateSchemaStatements(schema *models.Schema) ([]string, erro
 				whereClause = fmt.Sprintf(" WHERE %s", index.Where)
 			}
 
-			stmt := fmt.Sprintf("CREATE %sINDEX IF NOT EXISTS %s ON %s USING %s (%s)%s",
-				uniqueStr, quoteIdentifier(index.Name), w.qualTable(schema.SQLName(), table.SQLName()), indexType, strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "), whereClause)
+			stmt := fmt.Sprintf("CREATE %sINDEX IF NOT EXISTS %s ON %s USING %s (%s)%s%s",
+				uniqueStr, quoteIdentifier(index.Name), w.qualTable(schema.SQLName(), table.SQLName()), indexType, strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "), withClause, whereClause)
 			statements = append(statements, stmt)
 		}
 	}
@@ -819,11 +815,14 @@ func (w *Writer) writeCreateSchema(schema *models.Schema) error {
 }
 
 func (w *Writer) writeRequiredExtensions(schema *models.Schema) error {
-	if !schemaRequiresPGTrgm(schema) {
+	extensions := requiredExtensions(schema)
+	if len(extensions) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintln(w.writer, "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_trgm;")
+	for _, extension := range extensions {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w.writer, "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS %s;\n", pgsql.QuoteExtensionName(extension))
+	}
 	fmt.Fprintln(w.writer)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1063,21 +1062,13 @@ func (w *Writer) writeIndexes(schema *models.Schema) error {
 				indexName = fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s", indexType, table.SQLName(), strings.ToLower(columnSuffix))
 			}
 
-			// Build column list with operator class support for GIN indexes
-			columnExprs := make([]string, 0, len(index.Columns))
-			for _, colName := range index.Columns {
-				if col, ok := resolveIndexColumn(table, colName); ok {
-					colExpr := col.SQLName()
-					if strings.EqualFold(index.Type, "gin") {
-						opClass := ginOperatorClassForColumn(col, index.Comment)
-						if opClass != "" {
-							colExpr = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", col.SQLName(), opClass)
-						}
-					}
-					columnExprs = append(columnExprs, colExpr)
-				}
+			indexType := index.Type
+			if indexType == "" {
+				indexType = "btree"
 			}
 
+			// Build column list with operator class support (GIN, pgvector, PostGIS)
+			columnExprs := buildIndexColumnExpressionsFiltered(table, index, indexType, true)
 			if len(columnExprs) == 0 {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -1087,9 +1078,9 @@ func (w *Writer) writeIndexes(schema *models.Schema) error {
 				unique = "UNIQUE "
 			}
 
-			indexType := index.Type
-			if indexType == "" {
-				indexType = "btree"
+			withClause := ""
+			if params := indexStorageParameters(index.Comment); params != "" {
+				withClause = fmt.Sprintf(" WITH (%s)", params)
 			}
 
 			whereClause := ""
@@ -1104,8 +1095,8 @@ func (w *Writer) writeIndexes(schema *models.Schema) error {
 
 			fmt.Fprintf(w.writer, "CREATE %sINDEX %sIF NOT EXISTS %s\n",
 				unique, concurrently, indexName)
-			fmt.Fprintf(w.writer, "  ON %s USING %s (%s)%s;\n\n",
-				w.qualTable(schema.SQLName(), table.SQLName()), indexType, strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "), whereClause)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w.writer, "  ON %s USING %s (%s)%s%s;\n\n",
+				w.qualTable(schema.SQLName(), table.SQLName()), indexType, strings.Join(columnExprs, ", "), withClause, whereClause)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1483,7 +1474,69 @@ func isTextTypeWithoutLength(colType string) bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(colType, "text")
 }
 
-func ginOperatorClassForColumn(col *models.Column, comment string) string {
+// vectorOperatorClasses maps pgvector operator classes to the column base type they
+// apply to. pgvector defines no default operator class, so an hnsw/ivfflat index must
+// always name one explicitly.
+var vectorOperatorClasses = map[string]string{
+	"vector_l2_ops":        "vector",
+	"vector_ip_ops":        "vector",
+	"vector_cosine_ops":    "vector",
+	"vector_l1_ops":        "vector",
+	"halfvec_l2_ops":       "halfvec",
+	"halfvec_ip_ops":       "halfvec",
+	"halfvec_cosine_ops":   "halfvec",
+	"halfvec_l1_ops":       "halfvec",
+	"sparsevec_l2_ops":     "sparsevec",
+	"sparsevec_ip_ops":     "sparsevec",
+	"sparsevec_cosine_ops": "sparsevec",
+	"sparsevec_l1_ops":     "sparsevec",
+	"bit_hamming_ops":      "bit",
+	"bit_jaccard_ops":      "bit",
+}
+
+// defaultVectorOperatorClasses is the operator class used for an hnsw/ivfflat index when
+// the index comment does not request one. Cosine distance is the common default for
+// embedding columns; override it with an "opclass" hint in the index comment.
+var defaultVectorOperatorClasses = map[string]string{
+	"vector":    "vector_cosine_ops",
+	"halfvec":   "halfvec_cosine_ops",
+	"sparsevec": "sparsevec_cosine_ops",
+	"bit":       "bit_hamming_ops",
+}
+
+// spatialOperatorClasses are the PostGIS operator classes recognized in index comments.
+// PostGIS installs default operator classes for gist/spgist/brin, so these are only
+// emitted when explicitly requested (e.g. the 3D/nD variants).
+var spatialOperatorClasses = map[string]bool{
+	"gist_geometry_ops_2d":            true,
+	"gist_geometry_ops_nd":            true,
+	"gist_geography_ops":              true,
+	"spgist_geometry_ops_2d":          true,
+	"spgist_geometry_ops_3d":          true,
+	"spgist_geometry_ops_nd":          true,
+	"brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_2d":  true,
+	"brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_3d":  true,
+	"brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_4d":  true,
+	"brin_geography_inclusion_ops_2d": true,
+	"btree_geometry_ops":              true,
+	"btree_geography_ops":             true,
+}
+
+// isVectorIndexMethod reports whether the access method indexes pgvector types, which
+// covers both pgvector itself (hnsw, ivfflat) and VectorChord (vchordrq, vchordg).
+func isVectorIndexMethod(method string) bool {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(method)) {
+	case "hnsw", "ivfflat", "vchordrq", "vchordg":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// indexOperatorClassForColumn returns the operator class to emit for a column in an index
+// of the given access method, honouring an explicit request from the index comment when it
+// is compatible with the column type.
+func indexOperatorClassForColumn(col *models.Column, indexType, comment string) string {
 	if col == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -1492,26 +1545,53 @@ func ginOperatorClassForColumn(col *models.Column, comment string) string {
 	baseType := pgsql.CanonicalizeBaseType(pgsql.ExtractBaseTypeLower(sqlType))
 	isArray := pgsql.IsArrayType(sqlType)
 	requested := extractOperatorClass(comment)
-
-	if requested != "" && ginOperatorClassCompatible(baseType, isArray, requested) {
-		return requested
+	method := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(indexType))
+	if method == "" {
+		method = "btree"
 	}
 
-	if isArray {
-		return "array_ops"
+	if requested != "" && operatorClassCompatible(method, baseType, isArray, requested) {
+		return requested
 	}
 
 	switch {
-	case isTextGinBaseType(baseType):
-		return "gin_trgm_ops"
-	case baseType == "jsonb":
-		return "jsonb_ops"
+	case method == "gin":
+		if isArray {
+			return "array_ops"
+		}
+		switch {
+		case isTextGinBaseType(baseType):
+			return "gin_trgm_ops"
+		case baseType == "jsonb":
+			return "jsonb_ops"
+		default:
+			return requested
+		}
+	case isVectorIndexMethod(method):
+		if isArray {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return defaultVectorOperatorClasses[baseType]
 	default:
-		return requested
+		// gist/spgist/brin/btree have default operator classes (PostGIS included),
+		// so nothing is emitted unless the comment requested a compatible class.
+		return ""
 	}
 }
 
-func ginOperatorClassCompatible(baseType string, isArray bool, opClass string) bool {
+// ginOperatorClassForColumn is the GIN-specific form of indexOperatorClassForColumn.
+func ginOperatorClassForColumn(col *models.Column, comment string) string {
+	return indexOperatorClassForColumn(col, "gin", comment)
+}
+
+func operatorClassCompatible(method, baseType string, isArray bool, opClass string) bool {
+	if vectorType, ok := vectorOperatorClasses[opClass]; ok {
+		return !isArray && baseType == vectorType && isVectorIndexMethod(method)
+	}
+	if spatialOperatorClasses[opClass] {
+		return !isArray && pgsql.IsSpatialType(baseType)
+	}
+
 	switch opClass {
 	case "gin_trgm_ops", "gin_bigm_ops":
 		return !isArray && isTextGinBaseType(baseType)
@@ -1524,6 +1604,10 @@ func ginOperatorClassCompatible(baseType string, isArray bool, opClass string) b
 	}
 }
 
+func ginOperatorClassCompatible(baseType string, isArray bool, opClass string) bool {
+	return operatorClassCompatible("gin", baseType, isArray, opClass)
+}
+
 func isTextGinBaseType(baseType string) bool {
 	switch baseType {
 	case "text", "varchar", "character varying", "char", "character", "string", "citext", "bpchar":
@@ -1533,29 +1617,188 @@ func isTextGinBaseType(baseType string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
-func schemaRequiresPGTrgm(schema *models.Schema) bool {
+// requiredExtensions returns the PostgreSQL extensions a schema depends on, ordered so
+// that dependencies are created first (postgis before postgis_topology, vector before
+// vchord). Extensions are detected from column types, index access methods, resolved
+// operator classes, and function calls in defaults, check constraints, partial index
+// predicates and view definitions. Extensions that leave no trace in the model (pg_cron,
+// timescaledb, postgres_fdw, …) can be declared in schema.Metadata["extensions"].
+func requiredExtensions(schema *models.Schema) []string {
 	if schema == nil {
-		return false
+		return nil
 	}
+
+	required := make(map[string]bool)
+	add := func(names ...string) {
+		for _, name := range names {
+			if name != "" {
+				required[name] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	add(declaredExtensions(schema)...)
+
+	for _, view := range schema.Views {
+		if view == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		add(pgsql.ExtensionsForExpression(view.Definition)...)
+	}
+
 	for _, table := range schema.Tables {
 		if table == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		for _, index := range table.Indexes {
-			if index == nil || !strings.EqualFold(index.Type, "gin") {
+
+		for _, col := range table.Columns {
+			if col == nil {
 				continue
 			}
+			add(pgsql.TypeExtension(effectiveColumnSQLType(col)))
+			if def, ok := col.Default.(string); ok {
+				add(pgsql.ExtensionsForExpression(def)...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, constraint := range table.Constraints {
+			if constraint == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			add(pgsql.ExtensionsForExpression(constraint.Expression)...)
+		}
+
+		for _, index := range table.Indexes {
+			if index == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			add(pgsql.IndexMethodExtension(index.Type))
+			add(pgsql.ExtensionsForExpression(index.Where)...)
+
 			for _, colName := range index.Columns {
 				col, ok := resolveIndexColumn(table, colName)
 				if !ok || col == nil {
 					continue
 				}
-				if ginOperatorClassForColumn(col, index.Comment) == "gin_trgm_ops" {
-					return true
-				}
+				opClass := indexOperatorClassForColumn(col, index.Type, index.Comment)
+				add(pgsql.OperatorClassExtension(opClass))
+				add(btreeCompanionExtension(index.Type, col, opClass))
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	extensions := make([]string, 0, len(required))
+	for ext := range required {
+		extensions = append(extensions, ext)
+	}
+
+	// Pull in dependencies, so a declared postgis_topology also creates postgis.
+	for i := 0; i < len(extensions); i++ {
+		for _, dependency := range pgsql.ExtensionDependencies(extensions[i]) {
+			if !required[dependency] {
+				required[dependency] = true
+				extensions = append(extensions, dependency)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pgsql.SortExtensions(extensions)
+}
+
+// declaredExtensions reads schema.Metadata["extensions"], which accepts either a list or a
+// comma-separated string. Unknown names are kept: the metadata is an explicit instruction.
+func declaredExtensions(schema *models.Schema) []string {
+	value, ok := schema.Metadata["extensions"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var names []string
+	switch declared := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		names = strings.Split(declared, ",")
+	case []string:
+		names = declared
+	case []any:
+		for _, item := range declared {
+			if name, ok := item.(string); ok {
+				names = append(names, name)
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cleaned := make([]string, 0, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if name = strings.TrimSpace(name); name != "" {
+			cleaned = append(cleaned, name)
+		}
+	}
+	return cleaned
+}
+
+// btreeCompanionExtension returns btree_gin or btree_gist when a GIN/GiST index covers a
+// scalar type that neither access method has a built-in operator class for. Without the
+// companion extension PostgreSQL rejects the CREATE INDEX outright.
+func btreeCompanionExtension(indexType string, col *models.Column, opClass string) string {
+	if opClass != "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	method := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(indexType))
+	if method != "gin" && method != "gist" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	sqlType := effectiveColumnSQLType(col)
+	if pgsql.IsArrayType(sqlType) {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	baseType := pgsql.CanonicalizeBaseType(pgsql.ExtractBaseTypeLower(sqlType))
+	if pgsql.TypeExtension(baseType) != "" {
+		// Extension types (geometry, vector, citext, …) ship their own operator classes.
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if method == "gin" {
+		if nativeGinBaseType(baseType) {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return "btree_gin"
+	}
+	if nativeGistBaseType(baseType) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return "btree_gist"
+}
+
+// nativeGinBaseType reports whether core PostgreSQL provides a GIN operator class.
+func nativeGinBaseType(baseType string) bool {
+	switch baseType {
+	case "jsonb", "json", "tsvector", "tsquery":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// nativeGistBaseType reports whether core PostgreSQL provides a GiST operator class.
+func nativeGistBaseType(baseType string) bool {
+	switch baseType {
+	case "tsvector", "tsquery", "point", "box", "circle", "polygon", "line", "lseg", "path", "inet", "cidr":
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.HasSuffix(baseType, "range") || strings.HasSuffix(baseType, "multirange")
+}
+
+func schemaRequiresPGTrgm(schema *models.Schema) bool {
+	for _, ext := range requiredExtensions(schema) {
+		if ext == "pg_trgm" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
 	return false
 }
 
@@ -1642,14 +1885,21 @@ func formatStringList(items []string) string {
 
 // extractOperatorClass extracts operator class from index comment/note
 // Looks for common operator classes like gin_trgm_ops, gist_trgm_ops, etc.
+// explicitOperatorClassPattern matches an "opclass=<name>" hint, the form the PostgreSQL
+// reader uses to carry an index's operator class through the model.
+var explicitOperatorClassPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\bopclass\s*=\s*([a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)\b`)
+
 func extractOperatorClass(comment string) string {
 	if comment == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
+
 	lowerComment := strings.ToLower(comment)
-	// Common GIN/GiST operator classes
-	opClasses := []string{"gin_trgm_ops", "gist_trgm_ops", "gin_bigm_ops", "jsonb_ops", "jsonb_path_ops", "array_ops"}
-	for _, op := range opClasses {
+	if matches := explicitOperatorClassPattern.FindStringSubmatch(lowerComment); len(matches) > 1 {
+		return matches[1]
+	}
+
+	for _, op := range knownOperatorClasses() {
 		if strings.Contains(lowerComment, op) {
 			return op
 		}
@@ -1657,6 +1907,35 @@ func extractOperatorClass(comment string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// knownOperatorClasses lists every operator class recognized in an index comment,
+// longest name first so that e.g. gist_geometry_ops_nd wins over a shorter prefix.
+var knownOperatorClasses = sync.OnceValue(func() []string {
+	names := []string{"gin_trgm_ops", "gist_trgm_ops", "gin_bigm_ops", "jsonb_ops", "jsonb_path_ops", "array_ops"}
+	for name := range vectorOperatorClasses {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	for name := range spatialOperatorClasses {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(names, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if len(names[i]) != len(names[j]) {
+			return len(names[i]) > len(names[j])
+		}
+		return names[i] < names[j]
+	})
+	return names
+})
+
+// indexStorageParameters extracts access-method storage parameters from an index comment.
+// Only well-formed "key = value" pairs are kept, so comment prose cannot leak into DDL.
+// Example: "opclass=vector_cosine_ops with (m=16, ef_construction=64)" -> "m = 16, ef_construction = 64".
+func indexStorageParameters(comment string) string {
+	if comment == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return pgsql.FormatStorageParameters(pgsql.ExtractWithClause(comment))
+}
+
 // escapeQuote escapes single quotes in strings for SQL
 func escapeQuote(s string) string {
 	return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''")

pkg/writers/pgsql/writer_test.go

@@ -1310,3 +1310,203 @@ func TestWriteSchema_UsesStorageTypeForSerialAlterStatements(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected serial alter to include USING cast, got:\n%s", output)
 	}
 }
+
+// buildVectorSpatialSchema returns a database with a pgvector column and a PostGIS column.
+func buildVectorSpatialSchema(indexType, indexComment string) *models.Database {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("documents", "public")
+
+	embedding := models.InitColumn("embedding", "documents", "public")
+	embedding.Type = "vector(1536)"
+	table.Columns["embedding"] = embedding
+
+	location := models.InitColumn("location", "documents", "public")
+	location.Type = "geometry(Point,4326)"
+	table.Columns["location"] = location
+
+	if indexType != "" {
+		index := &models.Index{
+			Name:    "idx_documents_embedding",
+			Type:    indexType,
+			Columns: []string{"embedding"},
+			Comment: indexComment,
+		}
+		table.Indexes[index.Name] = index
+	}
+
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+	return db
+}
+
+func writeDatabaseOutput(t *testing.T, db *models.Database) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	writer.writer = &buf
+
+	if err := writer.WriteDatabase(db); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteDatabase failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_VectorAndPostGISColumnsCreateExtensions(t *testing.T) {
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, buildVectorSpatialSchema("", ""))
+
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis;",
+		"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;",
+		"vector(1536)",
+		"geometry(Point,4326)",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(output, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected output to contain %q, got:\n%s", want, output)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// postgis must be created before postgis-dependent extensions and stay deterministic
+	if strings.Index(output, "EXISTS postgis;") > strings.Index(output, "EXISTS vector;") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected extensions to be emitted in sorted order, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_HNSWIndexUsesDefaultVectorOperatorClass(t *testing.T) {
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, buildVectorSpatialSchema("hnsw", ""))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hnsw index with default vector operator class, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected pgvector extension, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_VectorIndexHonoursRequestedOperatorClassAndStorageParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, buildVectorSpatialSchema("ivfflat", "opclass=vector_l2_ops; with (lists=100)"))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING ivfflat (embedding vector_l2_ops) WITH (lists = 100)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ivfflat index with requested opclass and storage parameters, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_VectorIndexIgnoresIncompatibleOperatorClass(t *testing.T) {
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, buildVectorSpatialSchema("hnsw", "opclass=halfvec_l2_ops"))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING hnsw (embedding vector_cosine_ops)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected halfvec operator class to be rejected for a vector column, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_VectorIndexIgnoresCommentProseInStorageParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, buildVectorSpatialSchema("hnsw", "tuned with (m=16, ef_construction=64, drop table foo)"))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 64)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected only well-formed storage parameters, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(output, "drop table") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected prose to be dropped from storage parameters, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_GistIndexOnGeometryUsesDefaultOperatorClass(t *testing.T) {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("places", "public")
+	geom := models.InitColumn("geom", "places", "public")
+	geom.Type = "geometry(Point,4326)"
+	table.Columns["geom"] = geom
+
+	table.Indexes["idx_places_geom"] = &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_places_geom",
+		Type:    "gist",
+		Columns: []string{"geom"},
+	}
+
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, db)
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING gist (geom)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected gist index to rely on the PostGIS default operator class, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteDatabase_GistIndexHonoursRequestedSpatialOperatorClass(t *testing.T) {
+	db := models.InitDatabase("testdb")
+	schema := models.InitSchema("public")
+
+	table := models.InitTable("places", "public")
+	geom := models.InitColumn("geom", "places", "public")
+	geom.Type = "geometry(PointZ,4326)"
+	table.Columns["geom"] = geom
+
+	table.Indexes["idx_places_geom_nd"] = &models.Index{
+		Name:    "idx_places_geom_nd",
+		Type:    "gist",
+		Columns: []string{"geom"},
+		Comment: "opclass=gist_geometry_ops_nd",
+	}
+
+	schema.Tables = append(schema.Tables, table)
+	db.Schemas = append(db.Schemas, schema)
+
+	output := writeDatabaseOutput(t, db)
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "USING gist (geom gist_geometry_ops_nd)") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected requested spatial operator class, got:\n%s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateDatabaseStatements_VectorIndexIncludesOperatorClassAndParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	db := buildVectorSpatialSchema("hnsw", "opclass=vector_ip_ops; with (m=16)")
+
+	writer := NewWriter(&writers.WriterOptions{})
+	statements, err := writer.GenerateDatabaseStatements(db)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GenerateDatabaseStatements failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	joined := strings.Join(statements, "\n")
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector",
+		"CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis",
+		"USING hnsw (embedding vector_ip_ops) WITH (m = 16)",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(joined, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected statements to contain %q, got:\n%s", want, joined)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIndexStorageParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		comment string
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+		{"no with clause", "opclass=vector_cosine_ops", ""},
+		{"single parameter", "with (lists=100)", "lists = 100"},
+		{"multiple parameters", "WITH (m = 16, ef_construction = 64)", "m = 16, ef_construction = 64"},
+		{"quoted value kept", "with (fillfactor='90')", "fillfactor = '90'"},
+		{"bm25 key field", "with (key_field='id')", "key_field = 'id'"},
+		{"dollar quoted value", "with (options = $$[build.internal]\nlists = [4096]$$)", "options = $$[build.internal]\nlists = [4096]$$"},
+		{"dollar quoted value with parens", "with (options = $$f(x)$$, m = 16)", "options = $$f(x)$$, m = 16"},
+		{"prose dropped", "with (lists=100, please drop everything)", "lists = 100"},
+		{"unterminated quote dropped", "with (key_field='id)", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := indexStorageParameters(tt.comment); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("indexStorageParameters(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.comment, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/writers/sqlite/writer.go

@@ -356,4 +356,3 @@ func (w *Writer) writeCheckConstraints(schema string, table *models.Table) error
 
 	return nil
 }
-

tests/postgres/issue21/schema.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+CREATE TABLE public.users (
+    id integer NOT NULL,
+    username varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+    email varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL,
+    profile_id integer
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE public.profiles (
+    id integer NOT NULL,
+    bio text,
+    created_at timestamptz NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE public.posts (
+    id integer NOT NULL,
+    user_id integer NOT NULL,
+    title varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+    body text,
+    published_at timestamptz,
+    view_count integer DEFAULT 0
+);
+
+ALTER TABLE public.users ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE public.profiles ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ALTER TABLE public.posts ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX posts_user_id_title_idx ON public.posts (user_id, title);
+
+ALTER TABLE public.users ADD CONSTRAINT users_profile_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (profile_id) REFERENCES public.profiles (id);

tests/postgres/issue21/spec.dbml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Table users {
+    id integer [pk, not null]
+    username varchar(255) [not null]
+    email varchar(255) [not null]
+    created_at timestamptz [not null]
+    profile_id integer
+}
+
+Table profiles {
+    id integer [pk, not null]
+    bio text
+    created_at timestamptz [not null]
+}
+
+Table posts {
+    id integer [pk, not null]
+    user_id integer [not null]
+    title varchar(255) [not null]
+    body text
+    published_at timestamptz
+    view_count integer default 0
+
+    Indexes {
+        (user_id, title) [unique]
+    }
+}
+
+Ref: users.profile_id > profiles.id